2022年《英语演讲与辩论》期末考试复习重点

1、优秀教案欢迎下载英语演讲与辩论复习重点一、三种演讲的定义introductory speech : the speech is written in manuscript form and is designed to fulfill two purposes.the first is to give you a brief, initial exposure to speaking before an audience.the second is to provide a piece of original prose that can be used to help diagnose yo

2、ur strengths and weakness as a writer. informative speech :is the one in which the speaker provide the audience with new and/or useful information about a significant topic. persuasive speech : this is a speech designed to persuade the audience for or against a question or policy. 二、演讲稿三大板块1、introdu

3、ction relate topic to the audience present the topic to the audience attract attention build credibility present main points 2、conclusionsum up 3、body informative speech 1) visual aids 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4、- 第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载kinds of visual aid a. objects and models b. photographs and drawings c.graphs d. charts e. videos f.the speaker g. powerpoint tips for preparing visual aids a. keep visual aids simple b. make sure visual aids are large enough c.use fonts that are easy to read

5、d. use color effectively 2)organization pattern a. chronological order 时间顺序b. spacial order 空间顺序c.topical order 话题顺序persuasive speech 1) question of fact 2) question of value 3) question of policy（passive agreement & immediate action) a. problem-solution pattern order 问题出路法话题顺序精品学习资料 可选择p d f -

6、- - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载b. problem-cause-solution order 问题成因出路法c.comparative advantages order 优惠对比法 (pros&cons）d. motivated sequence 动机序列法(seek immediate action and more detailed ）five

7、 steps of motivated sequence i.attention ii.need iii. satisfaction iv. visualization v.action 三、supporting material的运用（分析题会用到）problems: 1. foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations 2. exchange rates varies 3. numerous cultural differences 4. first-hand accurate information is comparativ

8、ely hard to obtain. 简单例证1. examples 延展例证假设brief example extended example hypothetical example 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载2. statistics . a. use representative statistics b.

9、identify the sources of statistics c.use statistics from reliable sources d. round off complicated statistics e. explain statistics f.use visual aids to clarify statistics 3. testimony a. decide whether to quote or paraphrase b. quote or paraphrase accurately c.use testimony from qualified sources s

10、ingle statistics multiple statistics expert peel 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载d. use testimony from unbiased sources e. identify the people you quote or paraphrase 四、简答1、inter

11、cultural competence 2、mental dialogue 3、使用 visual aids 的好处 4、为什么确定 specific purpose特别重要5、为什么道德标准很重要五、methods of persuasion 1. building credibility 1) factors of credibility a. competence b. character 2) enhancing your credibility a. explain your competence b. establish common ground with your audien

12、ce c.deliver your speeches fluently.expressively and with conviction 2. using evidence a. use specific evidence b. use novel evidence( 新颖的）精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载c.use e

13、vidence from credible sources d. make clear the point of your evidence 3. reasoning(is a process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence）1) reasoning from specific instance (from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion ）（归纳）a. avoid generalizing too hastily b. make sure the ins

14、tances you present are fair, unbiased and representative. c.reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony. 2) reasoning from principle ( from a general principle to a specific conclusion) （演绎）注意：causal reasoning analogical reasoning fallacies a. red herring 转移话题（熏青鱼）（a fallacy that introduces

15、 an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion) b. ad hominem 人身攻击(a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute) 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

16、6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -优秀教案欢迎下载c.bandwagon 主流思想谬误(a fallacy that assumes that because something is popular,it is therefore good,correct or desirable) d.slippery slope 斜坡谬误（不合理地使用连串的因果关系）(a fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented) 4. appealing to emotions (when persuasion is the end, passion also must be engaged) 1) using emotional language 2)