中原工学院信息商务学院本科毕业论文

1、a feminist interpretation of the sunalso risesa thesis submittedto foreign language departmentof college of information & business,zhongyuan university of technologyin partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of bachelor of artsbystudent id number: 201003014116supervisor：april 15th,

2、 2014论文摘要欧内斯特米勒尔海明威(18991961)是20世纪最著名的小说家之一, 太阳照样升起被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说” 中，并对美国文学及20世纪文学的发展有极深远的影响。太阳照常升起主要 叙述是像海明威一样流落在法国的一群美国年轻人的独特生活。海明威借助太 阳照常升起这部小说的平台，对当时女性的发展，以及女性对于门己的探索提 出了自己的观点和看法，并且对这种女性争取自己的自由，对自己的身份和价值 进行重新定位的行为给予肯定和支持。正因为如此，太阳照常升起得到文学 界的关注和广大的读者的喜爱。基于此，本文将从女性主义理论入手，结合第一次世界大战结束z后，

3、女性 的解放运动达到第一次高潮的时代背景，分析小说中的女性形象勃莱特*可 什利，以此揭示女性在男权社会所受的压迫和他们的反抗，探索女性真正走上独 立自主道路的途径，并进一步得出两性的和谐才能让女性更健康的成长的结论。关键词：女性主义；太阳照常升起；勃莱特阿什利abstracternest hemingway (18991961) was one of the most famous writers in 20th century. hemingway's first and probably his most accomplished novel the sun also rises

4、was published, which made hemingway stand out as an international celebrity because he grasped the social changes in america after world war i. the sun also rises talked about the stories of the lost generation and he produced a vivid female imagesthe main character "brett ashley，in his stories

5、, to some extent, conveyed his understanding of women. because of that, the sun also rises is still popular among the readers and academicians.this thesis hopes to show that with the development of womerfs liberation movement, women's position greatly changed and the traditional versions of masc

6、ulinity were under acute threat, exploring the outlet of the women's liberation movement through the respective of the feminist, and it was impossible for women to get real independence. being harmonious with men can help the healthy growth of women.key words: feminist; the sun also rises; brett

7、 ashleytable of contentsabstract (chinese)abstract (english)l introduction2. feminism and the sun also rise2.1 feminism2.2 the sun also rise3. an analysis of the liberation of women in the sun also rises3.1 two reasons of the liberation of women3-1.1 spiritual dependence on men3.1.2 financial depend

8、ence on men3.2 brett ashley's three rebellions actionsfight against traditional conventionsemphasis on self-consciousness323 the pursuit of love and happiness4 an analysis of the outlet of women in the sun also rises5. conclusionbibliographyacknowledgementsintroductionernest hemingway( 1899-1961

9、), the prolific american writer, was awarded nobel prize in literature in 1954. in 1926, hemingway's first and probably his most accomplished novel the sun also rises was published, which made hemingway stand out as an international celebrity because he grasped the social changes in america afte

10、r world war i and succeeded in conveying the exact feeling of the lost generation in written form.the sun also rises talked about the stories of the lost generation and unlike other hemingways works, many tough man roles were created, but in the ”the sun also rises”，he produced a vivid female images

11、the main character "brett ashley" in his stories, through brett ashley, hemingway interpreted the real world at that time with the understanding of women's social status and independencein the 1950s, the study of the sun also rises was in its infancy, and the importance of this work fo

12、r this period is not enough the sun also rises was becoming popular in the 1970s , where the image of the hlost generationh which people's loneliness with alcohol draw much attentions from all kinds of readers. in the 1980s, the study of the sun also rises from the perspective of feminist was no

13、t as good as the 1970s, but was still slowly moved forward. since the 1990s , a few critics tried to interpret the works of ernest hemingway with the latest european and american contemporary critical theory. in the 1930s , hemingwayworks were introduced to china , and gradually become popular among

14、 chinese readers. in fact, in the early 1930s, chinese scholars have come to conclusion that the sun also rises is the h lost generation n masterpiece.so this thesis is mainly talked about that with the development of women's liberation movement, women's position greatly changed and the trad

15、itional versions of masculinity were under acute threat, explore the outlet of the womens liberation movement through the respective of the feminist, and it was impossible for women to get real independence. being harmonious with men can help the healthy growth of women.feminism and the sun also ris

16、efeminismhundred years ago, womens social statue was quite low, women was treated as appendage to men, they only had rights of living, their manner, speaking and behavior were regulated by a series of serious rules and discipline. with the education spreading among women and the awakening of the fem

17、ale self-consciousness, they came to realize that they should defend their economic, political and other rights and pursue equal treatment like men. then there appear feminism.feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economi

18、c, cultural, and social rights for women. this includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. a feminist advocates or supports the rights and equality of women.first-wave feminism was a series of activities during the nineteenth century and early twentieth c

19、entury. in the u.s.and u.k., it focused on promoting equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. however, by the end of the nineteenth century, activism focused mainly on gaining political power, particularly the right of women's voting, though some feminists were active

20、in campaigning for women's sexual and economic rights at this time.second-wave feminism is a feminist movement beginning in the early 1960s and continuing to the 20th and it coexists with third-wave feminism. second-wave feminism is largely concerned with issues of equality not only suffrage, bu

21、t things like ending discrimination. second-wave feminists treat womeifs cultural and political inequalities as its main purposes that to be deal with. during this period, feminist encourage women to understand aspects of their personal lives deeply by means of public promoting.third-wave feminism i

22、s started from 1900 to the present. it arose as a response toward failures of the second-wave and also as a response to the movements created by the second-wave. third-wave feminism often correct the second-waves ideas and movements that are not good for females. it accommodates contradictions; conf

23、lict and changes. the third-wave has its origins in the mid-1980the sun also risesthe sun also rises is a 1926 novel written by american author ernest hemingway about a group of american and british expatriates who travel from paris to the festival of san fermin in pamplona to watch the running of t

24、he bulls and the bullfights. an early and enduring modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. it is recognized as hemingway's greatest work. the novel was published in the united states in october 1926 by the publishing house scribnefs. a year later, the london publishing house

25、 jonathan cape published the novel with the title of fiesta. since then it has been continuously in prim.hemingway began writing the novel on his birthday in 1925, finishing the draft manuscript barely two months later in septembe匚 after setting aside the manuscript for a short period, he worked on

26、revisions during the winter of 1926. the basis for the novel was hemingway's 1925 trip to spain. the setting was unique and memorable, showing seedy cafe life in paris, and the excitement of the pamplona festival, with a middle section devoted to descriptions of a fishing trip in the pyrenees. h

27、emingway's spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, became known as demonstrating the iceberg theory.the novel is a romance; the characters are based on real people of hemingway's circle, and the action is based on real even

28、ts. in the novel, hemingway presents his notion that the hlost generation”，considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by world war i, was resilient and strong. additionally, hemingway investigates the themes of love, death, renewal in nature, and the nature of masculinity.

29、an analysis of the liberation of women in the sun also risestwo reasons of the liberation of womenspiritual dependence on menbrett ashley is a strong and independent woman. she has a short , masculine hair and masculine name. to certain extent, men want to control her, but they can not get a full co

30、mmitment from he匚on the surface, this seems men in this novel needed her far more than she needs them. with no goals to guide their lives, they lost so they even attempted to gain physical and spiritual comfort from he匚 indeed，bretts independence is a problem. although she refused to commit to any m

31、an, she still seemed uncomfortable being alone, trying to find a solution to save herself from her inner world.thus, to a certain extent, brett ashley still dependent on men. she rely on jack for example, jack still gives her emotional support although she refused to live with jack barnes, because o

32、f his incompetence，she still will turn to jack brett to looking for comfort and help, because jack was the only man she can pour her heart out.to forget the pain and suffering caused by the relationship between jack, brett may have been intended to find another way to escape from the harsh reality,

33、it is clear that cohn did not love her，and she hopes this trip with cohn could comfort her injuries heart. therefore, she sexual liberation remains a big disadvantage, she still needs a man to feel good about yourself finally, although brett does not like mike at all , no longer believe in marriage,

34、 she decided to marry mike, and mike is a constantly drunk scottish veterans with a terrible temper and went bankrupt. because when she was tired of drifting , she needs a man to get a traditional form of marriage to get a sense of security financial dependence on menin terms of brett's financia

35、l position, she never had any money, but she seemed not be very interested in money. in this novel, she refused to go with count mippipopolous even if he gave her ten thousand dollars, which is a big amount of money, and then in paris. more importantly, when she made romero leave her, romero tried t

36、o give her a lot of money, but she refused his offer, even though she had no single cent on her, because she gave all her money to the bankruptcy mike. she might think if she accepted romero fs money, the feelings between them would be stained.however, brett really need some money to afford her extr

37、avagant lifestyle, such as her modern clothes, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and regular travels- she accepted the man，s generosity, which seems to be quite common for her to let the men provide a comfortable life as the economy allows them to buy her a drink or give her hotel room and trav

38、e.in this sense, brett ashley is a traditional woman, seeking for a safe place from men. she assumed that men should pay for all her staffs and she deserve it. according to the traditional, it was gentlemen duty to pay the bill and the husbands9 responsibility to support their wives. although brett

39、pursed independence and equality with men, ironically, her thin income resulted in her dependence on men financially.brett ashley，s three rebellions actions321 fight against traditional conventionsafter world war i 、the female role began to undergo a great transformation, from passive, private, to i

40、ndividualist of new experience. local ethics were shocked to find that girfs throwing off their restraints, tossing away their corsets and fleeing their country homes for jobs in cities. instead of doing chores at home, women began to playing golf, driving a car, smoking, dancing, drinking in the ba

41、r. all of these behaviour which challenges traditional social structures can be seen in the behavior of lady brett ashley.brett's short hair showed her modernity and her dress expressed her sexuality. brett rejected the traditional feminine ideals of proper behavio匚 moreover, brett dared to step

42、 off the limitation and enter the public place without any reason but relaxation the bar and the bullfight place were considered the places in which only men can existed and not the appropriate fields where women should stay. women who came to such places like bars or bullfights would be considered

43、disturbing or without respect. she sparks chaos everywhere, if she came into the bai; the men drink too much and fight. although brett knew that coming to those places was not right, she totally rejected such a rule and did whatever she wanted once breaking with the traditional moral, brett found it

44、 difficult for her to go back or to find a right way to self-liberation and real independence. what brett did was for finding the equality and liberty in the society and wanting to be the center of the pubic. being watched by men, she would feel flattered. it is obvious that brett no longer defined

45、herself as a domestic being but a new woman.in the story, cohn, mike and jake was surrounding brett. however, brett refused to commit to anyone of them, preferring remain independence she ignored those men，s feelings. she can not be completely faithful to mike, her fiance. even though his injury mea

46、nt they could not be together, she still swore she would love jake, in fact, she can not help to hurting him by screwing with other men. in order to breaking the traditional morals and finding the real independence, brett ashley was unwilling to commit fully to any men who obsessed with her, even th

47、ough she had affairs with them.as a modern woman, brett ashley betrayed the traditional norms and had many affairs with men. she seemed like to enjoy freedom without any restriction. for brett ashley, having an affair with a man did not mean that she loved him nor wanted to marry him. once she found

48、 she did not love that man, she would leave him without hesitation. when jake mentioned again the possibility of them living together, brett treated him as a kid who was just daydreaming. maybe, to brett marriage was a kind of burden that would destroy her independence.emphasis on self-consciousness

49、in the novel, brett wanted to gain her self-identity, and she totally ignored the traditional morals about women and if she hurt some men, she would not feel anything about it. jake and brett deeply loved each other, but brett refused jake's request to live together, because she can not accept t

50、he man she loved was impotence. although jake was not able to satisfy brett sexual need, jake still was the only person brett loved truly in the lost world. for her, jake was the unreachable thing for her but still fulfill her dreams, so brett cherished the relationship very much. she refused all th

51、e suggestion that made by jake, because she knew that she was a bad woman and would surely destroy him if they did get together.although brett ashley had tried so hard to defend her self-identity sometimes even at the sacrifice of love, she had been educated in traditional values, which had been roo

52、ted in her mind, she found it difficult to wholly free herself of them. she felt horrible for what she had done. influenced by some traditional morals, brett ashley could not give up all traditional concepts while she was thinking or acting. sometimes she always felt confused about reality and futur

53、e.the 1920s，a transitional period for women or an age of revolution, was an uneasy time to live for everyone because it was difficult to not only give up the traditional moral code but also put a new code of conduct in its place to observe without confusion and distress. men and women can not coexis

54、t in the real world. therefore, brett bravely pursuit her self-identity as a new woman, even though she lived in the scaring reality, and was confusing about what she was doing. at the end of the story, she still chose marriage as a kind of goal of her life, although she did not love the man, and no

55、 longer believed in the marriage. in fact, brett just needed the traditional form to gain the self-identity.323the pursuit of love and happinessin the story, jake barnes, an american veteran of the first world war maybe the only man brett loved truly except her first lover who died in the wa匚 but ja

56、ke's impotence resulting from the war lets them fall apart although there was sincere between them. if brett and jake lived together, that meant she would giving up sexual intercourse. although brett sleeps with many men, it is jake she loves. when jake begged brett to be with him, she told jake

57、 that she would have to go with other men behind jake's back, which she knew he would not be able to stand. however, brett did not want to hurt jake, because she truly loved jake, she would like to be with him, and when she really needed some help，she would come to jake.it is impossible for bret

58、t to choose jake although they loved each other as a love without sex was not complete to her. at the end of the story, helpless brett turned to jake for help again even though she know they can not really be together, and finally things that happened forced them to face the reality.in contrast to j

59、ake bams?s physical impotence, bullfighter romero had a figure of strength. when brett saw romero for the first time, she could not take her eyes off him, she was fascinated by romeros qualities of masculinity. in bretts mind, romeros strength, courage and confidence would be able to seduce her weakness and loss.in the relationship with brett, romero has followed his rules. he wanted brett to be his woman, but he had his own expectations for a woman and wanted to changed brett into a new wom