CIGS 薄膜太阳能电池

1、CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells2 Development of Solar Cells;Contents Research Progress in CIGS Solar cells; Conclusion. Introduction of CIGS Solar Cells;3Development of Solar CellsDevelopment of Solar CellsAlso called thin-film solar cells and are significantly cheaper to produce, but have lower efficien

2、ciesIn research phaseThese solar cells account for 86% of the solar cell market high efficiency.First Generation Efficiency 24 %Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells bulky Second Generation Efficiency 12.7 -19.5 %Amorphous silicon (a-Si) Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)Kesterites (CuZnSnS) Cadmium

3、 telluride (CdTe)Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS/CIS) alloysThird Generation Efficiency 4.0 -7.5 %Nanocrystal solar cellsPolymer solar cellsDye sensitized solar cell (DSSC)4Advantages of CIGS Solar Cells CIGS has the highest energy yield (kWh/kWp); CIGS does not contain hazardous levels of en

4、vironmentally toxic materials; CIGS products are scalable and cost effective with cost roadmaps dropping to well below $1 per watt; CIGS offers a truly versatile technology platform easily applied in rooftop, field or building applications. Introduction of CIGS Solar CellsIntroduction of CIGS Solar

5、Cells5Advantages of CIGS Solar CellsCIGS is the most ideal material for solar cell, theoretical module efficiency = 25%6The Structure of CIGS Solar CellsThe typical structure of a completed Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 solar cell.7Working Principle of CIGS Solar Cells8Research Progress in CIGS Solar cellsResear

6、ch Progress in CIGS Solar cellsThe progress made in different aspects of CIGS solar cellsBack ContactCIGS Absorber LayerCdS Buffer Layers910Back ContactRelative stability at the processing temperatureResistance to alloying with Cu and InLow contact resistance to CIGSThe Dominant Choice - Mo11CIGS Ab

7、sorber LayerDeposition MethodsCoevaporationCoevaporationSequential ApproachSequential Approach The deposition can be completed at low cost while maintaining high deposition or processing rate with high yield and reproducibility.12Coevaporation The most successful technique for deposition of CIGS abs

8、orber layers for highest-efficiency cells is the simultaneous evaporation of the constituent elements from multiple sources in single processes where Se is offered in excess during the whole deposition process.13Schematic illustration of different coevaporation process. In all cases, a constant Se f

9、lux is also supplied.14Sequential ApproachDeposition Methods This is commonly referred as selenization of stacked metal or alloy layers. The metals and alloys can be deposited by variety of methods which involve vacuum or no vacuum. The most common of vacuum process is sputtering and thermal evapora

10、tion.Vacuum-Based ApproachVacuum-Based ApproachNonvacuum-Based ApproachNonvacuum-Based Approach15Vacuum-Based Approach The precursor films are typically reacted in either H2Se or Se vapor at 400 C to 500 C.H2Se - can be done at atmospheric pressure and can be precisely controlled, but the gas is hig

11、hly toxic and requires special precautions for its use.Se vapor - thermal evaporation.16Nonvacuum-Based Approach The high cost and low material utilisation of the coevaporation equipment used to produce these layers may be a barrier to their commercialization and will increase the cost of the electr

12、icity generated by CIGS based systems. Two stages, one in which the precursor is deposited and one in which the precursor is converted into CIGS.17Nonvacuum-Based Approach(1) electrochemical process,(2) particulate process,(3) solution based process. Depending on the deposition method and the scale

13、of mixing of the precursor materials18CdS Buffer Layers The role of the CdS buffer layer is twofold: it affects both the electrical properties of the junction and protects the junction against chemical reactions and mechanical damage.19CdS Buffer LayersN-type conductivity and band gaps between 2.0 a

14、nd 3.6 eV. CdS for high-efficiency CIGS cells is generally grown by a chemical bath deposition (CBD), which is a low-cost, large-area process. CBD Vs. PVD (Physical vapor deposition).20Conclusion Remarkable progress has been made in the development of high efficiency CIGS solar cells. But transition from lab to manufacturing has been much more difficult than anticipated. Each component of the solar cell structure and its manufacturing requires further investigation to simplify the processing and to have more efficient solar cell