非谓语动词的句子成分与表现形式

1、非谓语动词的 句子成分与 表现形式 种类种类to dodoing done一般式进行式被动式完成式完成被动式完成进行式to doto be doing to be done to have doneto have been done to have been doing doing -being donehaving donehaving been donehaving been doing - - -done being done having been done 变变 化化形形 式式非谓语动词短语 的共同特征: a) Not的位置: 在相应的形式最前面. b) 句法功能：相当于 动词、形容

2、词、副词、名词c) 有自己相应的成分: 宾语或状语或定语. doing doneto doSubject (n.) 主语 doing (动名词)being done形式主语 itPredictive (a./n.) 表语1)doing(形容词)2)doing(动名词)3)being done (动名词)1) to do 2) to be done3) 形式主语 it 1)done(v.t)2)done(v.i)3)done (形容词)有例外常用:1) to do 2) to be done用 法类 别 doing doneto do Object ( n.) 宾语动名词1)doing 2)be

3、ing done 3)having(been) done 4)形式宾语 it1) to do2) to be done 3) 形式宾语 itObjectComplement ( a.) 宾补 主补1)doing(分词) 2)doing (a.)3)being done (分词被动式)4)无完成体1)done (分词)2)done (a.)3)being done (分词进行式)4)无完成体1) to do 2) to be done3) do (省略to)4) to have (been) done (非人称转述结构)用 法类 别 doing doneto doAttributive (a./

4、n.) 定语1) doing (a.) 2) doing (n.)3) doing(分词) 4) being done (分词被动式)5)无完成体(用定语从句)1)done(vt 分词)1)done(vi分词)2)done (a.)3)being done (分词进行式)4)无完成体1) to do 2) to be done用 法类 别 doing doneto doAdverbial (adv) 状语1)doing(分词)2)being done (a.方式/原因)3)being done (分词被动式)4)having done5)having been doing6)having be

5、en done (=done)1)done (v.t)2)done (a.)3)being done (a.方式/原因)4)being done (v.t 或表进行)5)having been done (v.t) (=done)1)to do2)to be done 3)to be doing4)to have done 5)to have been done (v.t)用 法类 别 doing doneto do1)doing(分词) 2)doing(a.)3)being done (分词被动式)4)having done 5)having been done (v.t)1) done (

6、分词)2) done (a.)3) being done (分词进行式)4) having been done (v.t)1)to do2)to be donewith复合结构(勿与介宾 结构 混淆)用 法类 别 doing doneto do用 法类 别 独立主格 结构1)to do2)to be done1)doing(分词) 2)doing (a.)3)being done (分词被动式)4)having done 5)having been done(v.t)1) done (分词)2) done (a.)3) being done (分词进行式)4) having been done

7、 (v.t) 种种类类to dodoing done主语表语宾语宾补定语状语to be done to have doneto have been done 句子意思句子意思being donehaving donehaving been donehaving been doing句句子子成成分分非谓语动词主动与被动形式的判断依据 主语主语 主语主语 宾语宾语 所修饰名词所修饰名词主语主语主补 主语主语 非谓语动词作状语 与状语从句的 替换条件1) 时间状语 when / while / until + doing / done before (prep) + doing / being do

8、ne after (prep) + doing / being done / having done / having been done as+ doing / done (用完整句子表达)2) 原因状语 because / since / as / now that / for + doing / done / having (been) done / to have (been) done (用完整句子表达)3) 方式伴随状语 doing / done / being done having (been) done / to do / to be done 6)让步状语 although

9、 / though / even though / even if / wh-ever + doing / done / having (been) done 5) 结果状语 doing / done / (only) to do having / to have (been) done4)目的状语 doing / done to do to have (been) done in order that / so that + 句子8) 比较状语 as / than + (be) +done as / than + (sb / sth be) +done .as / than planned

10、/ thought / imagined / expected / supposed / believed . 7) 条件状语 if / unless / once + doing / done / having (been) done as long as / provided +doing / done (用完整句子表达)非谓语动词 用作插入语frankly speaking 坦白地说honestly speaking 说实话judging from/by 根据判断speaking of / talking of 谈到 generally speaking 一般地说strictly spe

11、aking 严格地说exactly speaking 准确地说taking all things into consideration =taking everything into consideration 就各方面而言 全面看来 全盘考虑=taking all things into account=taking everything into account1）doing 现在分词 2) done 过去分词 all things considered 就各方面而言 全面看来=everything considered =taking everything / all things in

12、to consideration 3) to do 不定式 to be honest 说实话 to tell (you) the truth 说实话to start with / begin with 首先 第一to conclude 总而言之 总之to sum up 总而言之 综上所述 to make the matter / it worse 更糟糕的是to be exact 确切地说to be brief 简言之看似非谓语动词 实则为介词 或连词doing形式用作介词或连词 1) 介词类 considering 考虑到 顾及 following在之后 including 包括 concerning关于 regarding 对于 至于 就而论2