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小型轿车鼓式制动器设计与运动仿真,小型,轿车,制动器,设计,运动,仿真
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译文标题基于研究UG鼓式制动器设计的参数化原文标题The Study of the Parameterization of the Drum Brake Design Based on UG作 者Liu Hongpu译 名刘宏埔国 籍中国原文出处Mechanical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic Institute,Henan473009, China鼓式制动器设计的参数化研究基于UGLiu Hongpu,Peng Erbao机械工程，河南理工大学，Henan473009，中国摘要本文运用UG软件的设计和研究上的制动器的类型参数。论基础离散化的原则，离散对制动鼓的结构图案。选取的典型特征制动器总成的三维参数化建模工作的各个部分，以构建一个模型来参数库调用。2011下的南的责任由发布Elsevier公司的选择和/或同行审查关键词：刹车; UG，参数化，离散化;研究制动器是汽车行业的关键部件。随着社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高对制动器的设计汽车提出了更为严格的要求。不仅要满足制动的基本性能要求，还要满足环境保护的严格要求。本文主要研究在制动鼓上的参数化设计。1，制动离散随着参数的变化，在模板特点下可能出现的变化情况： 一）特征维护不变，只有通过受电弓的大小重现;二）结构特征性改变。上述两种变化情况，在实际操作中，因为选择使用模拟目标不同大小，所以模板必须设计的不是很大，因此，主要有第一类的情况下，在特性保修范围的大小变化。当参数变化是相当大时，是第二种情况，申请建立模板必须全面描述模型。当然，如果一个模板更接近模型，它必须手动增加的特点就会减少，但这种模板所具有的代表性和典型性相对差一些;模板与待建模型之间有一定的差距，需要手动增加的特性是多方面的，但其代表性和典型性都好一些。这是一对相互矛盾的，在该构建体中应该找一个比较好的平衡点，这样既可以建立代表 模板，并加快零部件的设计速度。 然后根据一定的分离规则，分离各型号相应的刹车零部件，从这些部件中撤销典型的特征，形成模板参数化设计要求。需要遵守的规则有：1.1 近似元提取相同的特征。1.2 单独特有的部分进行特征提取。1.3 进行特征提取时，应尽可能撤销相似的特征。1.4 特征提取，考虑其实现的可能性。鼓式制动器离散化之后，组件如下：* 摩擦盘（大约两片）；* 刹车蹄片（型）；* Sells on consignment;* 制动轮缸主体（类型）；* 活塞（类型）；* 皮碗（类型）；* 制动鼓（型）；* 制动底板（型）；* 变动的支承杆（类型）；* 弹簧（类型）；* 附件（衬套防尘套，活塞防尘套，泄气螺栓螺母，进油口防护罩，密封圈，螺栓防松橡皮筋保护，分离主缸离开油密密封环及各种弹簧等）上述名单后仅是离散的组件统一名称，具体的就下命名，有许多种特性不同的组件，这个请求分别建立模板，以满足下缸体名需求攻方设计，例如，具有至少5个各种不同类型的气缸体，因此，必须单独建立的模板。虽然提取合理的制动带模板的一定的周期，而且还建立了许多特殊的特性组件模板，所以说从本质上来说，它是基于每个组件离散。选择模板离散元件后，并按照要求的尺寸制作新组件模型，再组装制动系统。当每个组件为参数化，参数的整数必须严格控制，必须尽可能的使用尽可能少的参数来描述整个组件。当然,这里参数是指可以改变大小的，部件大多数尺寸需要使用这些成为可能，以改变驱动的大小（即变化为自变量，写的是尺寸驱动函数形式），也就是引起了众多大小来进行连接，使整体联动，完成参数化建模工作。2. 制动参数本设计采用基于特征的参数化建模方法，实现了汽车制动零部件快速设计和自动设计。因此，需要明确以下一些具有特征的相关概念。2.1.特征定义特征是高层次的抽象描述，设计师描述设计对象的功能，形状，结构，制造，装配，检测，管理和使用信息，并具有准确的项目的含义等的关系。特征模型用逻辑的相互依存，相互进行描述和表达的影响语义网络的特性实例和关系。与低层次的几何形状比较元件表面，侧面，所表达的几何实体的方法所不同的是：该特性模型表达了高水平的具有功能意义的实体，如孔，槽等，其操作对象不是原始的几何元素，但为该产品的功能要素，在产品技术信息和管理信息，体现了设计者的意图。2.2.特征分类特点是产品描述信息集。不同的应用领域和不同的对象，特征抽象和分类方法是不同的。通过分析机械产品的大量零部件蓝图信息和加工工艺信息，可构成成分特征划分为五个大类： 经营特色：随着组件管理相关通信集合，包括标题栏信息（例如组件名称，图表或插图编号，设计者，设计日期等），各组分的材料，并没有倾倒的信息，如粗糙度等。 技术特点：描述组件的性能和规格通信集合。 材料热处理特点：与元件材料及热处理通信集合，像材料的性能，热处理方式，硬度值的程度等有关。 精密特性：描述元件的形状，大小许可量变化通信集合，包括公差（尺寸公差和形状位置公差）和表面粗糙度。 形态特征：通信集合这都与描述元件的形状，大小，包括函数的形状，加工工艺造型，装配辅助形状有关。 组装特性：组件相关的方向，相互活性表面和协调关系。在上述特征中，形状特征是描述元件或产品最重要的特征。其可分离主要特征和辅助特征，前者是用来描述结构对象的基本几何形状，后者是其中进行表达的对象部分的形状特征。2.3.特征关系 为了描述中的特征之间的关系，可应用于特征类，特征实例的概念。特征类是关于类型特征的描述，是所有相同的信息特征的总结。该典型例子是具体特征后，特征属性的评价，特征是类的成员。其中特性类和典型例子有如下关系： 继承涉及的特征之一。构成层次关系，这是位于水平更高权限被称为超类特性，位于水平较低的水平上被称为亚组的特性。该子组特征可以继承的超类特征的属性和方法的，这种继承关系被称为关系。另一种继承关系的特征是类和这种特性的例子，这种关系被称为关系之间的关系。例如，一些具体的圆柱是一个例子，圆柱特征类，它们之间反映的关系。 相邻关系。反映了形状特征之间的相互位置关系，与CONT表示。间的构成邻接关系形状特征邻接条件可以共享。有关例如，阶梯轴，每相邻的两个轴部的之间的关系是毗连关系，其中每个相邻表面条件可以共享。 从属关系是关于形状特征符合，或者连接的关系的描述，表明与 辅助。下属形状特征依赖于形状特征是服从是存在的，就像是附着在圆柱斜边。 引用关系：特征描述类作为连接属性，它的相互引用，表示与重组。引用关系主要存在于引用的形状特征的精确特性，该材料特性。2.4.特征建模基于特征的描述产品的特性所作为建模的基本元素称为建模技术的方法。特征建模可能诱发大约分为三个种类的互动特性定义，识别和设计基于特征的图案。互动特性的定义。使用现有的几何造型系统建立产品的几何模型，用户在图形交互计划流程定义特征的几何要素，并添加信息，例如特性参数或精度，规格，材料热处理等，以几何模型为属性。这种建模方法的自动化程度低，产品数据共享也是难实现的，在信息处理过程中很容易出现人为错误。 特征识别。它定义预先特性进行了比较几何模型，确定特征的具体类型和其他信息。通常它是由通过以下步骤：（1）在搜索产品的几何形状的数据库相匹配地形特征的几何模型;（2）从其自己区分数据库撤回特征信息为：（3）定特性参数为：（4）完成对特征几何模型为：（5）结合了简单的特点，以成为新的特点。 基于特征的设计。用户直接定义了组件的几何实体的特性，不久之后在特征库预先定义特征实例化，例如取特征为基本单元建立特征模型，从而完成产品的定义和设计。 AbstractThis text apply UG software to the design and study on the type parameter of the brakes. On the basis of the principles of discretization, discretize the structural pattern of the brake drum. select the typical characteristic of the brake assemblies and the individual parts of the 3d parameterization modeling work, to build a model for parameterization library calls. 20122011Publishedby ElsevierbyElsevierLtd. SelectionLtd.Selectiand/onr peerand/or-reviewpeerunder-reviresponsibilitywunderresponsibilityofHainanUniversityofname. organizer Keywords: the brakes; ug; parameterization; discretization; researchThe brake is the key components of the car industry. with the rapid development and people living standards improve in the design of the brake the car raised a more stringent requirements. not only to satisfy the brake the basic properties are required, to satisfy the stringent requirements of the environmental protection. this article mainly study on the brake drum the parameterization design. 1.The Brake Discretization With the parameter change, the change situation which in the template characteristic possibly appears: a) the characteristic maintenance is invariable, is only the size reproduce by pantograph; b) the structure characteristic changes. Above two kind of change situation, in actual operation, because selects the template with the simulated target size difference which must design is not very big, therefore mainly has the first kind of situation, the size changes in the characteristic maintenance scope. when the parameter change quite is fierce , is the second kind of situation, this request establishment template must describe the model comprehensively. Certainly, if a template closer model, the characteristic which must increase manually are less, but this template has representative and typical nature bad somewhat; The template with awaits construction the model to have certain disparity, needs to increase manually the characteristic are many, but its representation and typical nature are good somewhat. This is a pair of contradictory, in the construct of the template should find a quite good balance point, like this can both establish the representative template, and speeds up the spare part the design speed.Then according to certain separate rule, is separated each model brake the corresponding spare part, withdraws the typical characteristic from these spare parts, forms the template that the parameterization design request.The deference separate rule is:1.1.Approximate components extraction same characteristic. 1.2.Peculiar part alone carries on the characteristic extraction. 1.3.Carries on the characteristic extraction, should withdraw the similar characteristic as far as possible. 1.4.Characteristic extraction, considers its realization the possibility.After the drum brake discretization, components is as follows:Friction disk (about two pieces); Bbrake shoe ( type);Sells on consignment The cylinder body ( type) Piston ( type); Leather cup (type); Brake drum ( type); Brake shield plate (type); Fluctuates the supporting pole (type); Spring (type); The appendix (bushing dirt-proof boot, piston dirt-proof boot, deflates bolt nut, oil inlet safety After above lists only is the discretization the components unification name, regarding under a specific name, there are many kind of characteristic different components, this request separately establishes the template, to satisfy the demand about the design, for instance under the cylinder body name, has at least 5 kind of different type cylinder bodies, therefore must establish the template separately. Although extracted certain cycle of songss brake to take the template, but has also established many special characteristic components template, therefore said from essentially, its based on each components discretization.After the choice discretization template components, and defer to the request the size to produce the new components model, again assembles the brake system.When each components is parameterized, the parameter integer must control strictly, must use as far as possible few parameters to describe the entire components. Size which certainly here parameter refers to the size which is may change, the components majority of sizes needs to use which these to be possible mask, seal packing collar, bolt guards against loose rubber band, separates master cylinder to leave oil tight sealing ring and each kind of spring and so on)to change the size actuation (i.e. changes is independent variable, writes is actuated size function form), also is causes the multitudinous sizes to be connected, causes the overall linkage, completes the parameterization modeling work.2.Brake Parameterization This design uses the method based on the characteristic parameterization modeling, realizes the automobile brake spare part fast design and the automatic design. Therefore needs to make clear following several with the characteristic correlation concept.2.1.Characteristic definition Characteristic is high level abstract description that the designer describe the design object the function, the shape, the structure, the manufacture, the assembly, the examination, the management and the use information and the relations which has the accurate project meaning and so on. The characteristic model use logic in the interdependence, mutually carries on the description and the expression for the influence semantic network to the characteristic instance and the relations. compare with the low level geometry element surface, side, expressed the geometry entity method the difference is: The characteristic model expresses the high level to have the function significance entity, like the hole, the trough and so on, its operation object is not the primitive geometry element, but is the product function essential factor, the product technical information and the management information, manifests designers intention.2.2.Characteristic classification Characteristic is the product description information set. The different application domain and the different object, the characteristic abstract and the classified method is different. Through analyzing mechanical product massive components blueprint information and the processing craft information, may constitute the components characteristic to divide into five big kinds: Management characteristic: With the components management related communications ensemble, including the title block information (for example components name, chart or illustration number, designer, design date and so on), the components material, has not poured information such as roughness and so on. Technical characteristic: Description components performance and specification communications ensemble. Material heat treatment characteristic: associated with components material and heat treatment communications ensemble, like material performance, heat treatment way, degree of hardness value and so on. Precision characteristic: Description components shape, size permission amount of variation communications ensemble, including common difference (size common difference and shape position common difference) and surface roughness. Shape characteristic: The communications ensemble which are related to description components shape, size, including function shape, processing craft shape, assembly auxiliary shape. Assembles characteristic: Components correlation direction, mutual active surface and coordinate relations. In the characteristic above, the shape characteristic is most important characteristic that describes the components or the product. Its separable primarily characteristic and the auxiliary characteristic, the former is used to describe the structure object basic geometry shape, the latter is the characteristic which carries on the expression to the object partial shape2.3.Characteristic relationIn order to describe the relation among characteristic, may apply the concept of characteristic class, the characteristic example. The characteristic class is the description about the characteristic type, is summary of all same information characteristic. The characteristic example is specific characteristic after thecharacteristic attribute evaluation, is the member of characteristic class. Among the characteristic class, the characteristic example, the characteristic class and the characteristic example has relation as follows: Inherits relates .Constituted level relation among the characteristic, which is located the level higher authority to be called the ultra kind of characteristic, is located the level lower level to be called the subgroup characteristic. The subgroup characteristic may inherit the ultra kind of characteristic the attribute and the method, this kind of inheritance relation is called the relation. Another kind of inheritance relation is the relation between characteristic class and this kind of characteristic example, this kind of relation is called the relation. For example, some concrete circular cylinder is a example that circular cylinder characteristic class, among themselves has reflected the relation.Adjacent relation. Reflected the mutual position relations among the shape characteristic, indicated with CONT. Among the constitution adjacency relation shape characteristic adjacency condition may share.For example, a steps and ladders axis, between each neighboring two axis sections relations are the syntopy, in which each adjacency surface condition may share. Hypotaxis.the description about shape characteristic compliance or the attached relations, indicated with IST. The subordinate shape characteristic relies on in the shape characteristic which is subordinated is existed, like bevel edge attached in circular cylinder. Quote relation. describing characteristic class as the connection attribute which the quotes mutually, indicated with RE. The quotation relation mainly exists in the quotation that the shape characteristic to the precision characteristic, the material characteristic.2.4.Characteristic modeling The method that describing product by characteristic as the modeling fundamental element is called modeling technology based on the characteristic. The characteristic modeling may induce approximately into three kind of patterns that the interactive characteristic definition, the trick recognition and the design based on the characteristic.Interactive characteristic definition. Using the existing geometry modeling system establishment product geometr
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