研究生英语综合教程上unit4

1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）integrated course2unit 4 love and marriage content starting out reading focus reading more practical translation focused writing final projecttask 1work in groups to list the possible relationships a normal human being will encounter in his lifetime. also list the words an

2、d activities related to a certain relationship.e.g. friendship, work, peer, love, parental, marriagewords for reference: friendship: care, association, esteem,empathy, friendliness, attachment, affinity, bond, harmony, intimacy, affection; going to movies, heart-to-heart talk, playing sports togethe

3、r work: co-worker, managers, team leaders, business talk, business lunch, team work, promotion love: affection, attraction, romantic dating, candlelit dinner, hug, kiss, courtship parental: unconditional love, deep caretask 2watch a part of the american movie sleepless in seattle and discuss with yo

4、ur partner how the son feels about his father and the father about the son as well his late wife.click the picture sons feeling for his fatherworried, care, love, fathers feeling for his sonlove, affection fathers feeling for his late wifelove, memorytask 3 read the following paragraph and discuss w

5、ith your partner what makes a happy marriage and why. the beatles sang, “all you need is love.” your friends might tell you, “good communication is all you really need.” your parents advise you, “the key is to marry someone with the same values.” what do you think is essential for a happy marriage?l

6、ove and loving relationships global understanding 2detailed information3critical thinking4language points5vocabulary in action6background information1listen to a talk on the mathematical marriage predictor and answer the following questions. 1) what did james murray try to do? to explore the rocky r

7、oad of romance. 2) what was the first step james murray take in his research? videotaped hundreds of volunteer couples in discussion.3) what did james murray do with the videotapes? break down behavioral responses to these high-pressure discussions into recognizable groups.script4) what prediction d

8、id james murray try to make with his findings?whether the marriage would last.5) how correct was james murrays prediction?ninety-four percent.6) what is the indicator of a divorce according to the mathematical marriage predictor?“roll your eyes and say goodbyes.” global understanding1(paras. 1-3)2(p

9、aras. 4-7)3(paras. 8-12)love is essential for human survival.what is love?what brings people together? discuss in groups to identify the missing information.reading moreglobal understandingpart imain idea: love is essential for human survival.arguments:a._ _b._ _c._ _the family is the earliest and m

10、ost important source of love and emotional support.children deprived of love have been known to develop a variety of problems.research shows the quality of care infants received affects how they later get along with friends.reading moreglobal understandingpart id._ _e._ _f._ _ _love for oneself, or

11、self-love, is also essential for our social and emotional development.social scientists describe self-love as important for self-esteem.people who dont like themselves may not be able to return love but may constantly seek love relationships to bolster their own poor self-images.reading moreglobal u

12、nderstandingpart iimain idea: what is love?arguments: a. love is an _supporting evidence: a. _ _ b. _ c. _ _ _ d. _ _elusive concept people give a variety of answers when asked what love is. love has many dimensions.it can be romantic, exciting, obsessive, and irrational, platonic, calming, altruist

13、ic, and sensible.it varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts.reading moreglobal understandingpart iib. three elements are necessary for a love relationship:supporting evidence: a. _ b. _ _ c. _ _c. _ _ _ supporting evidence: _ _a willingness to please and accommodate the other.an ac

14、ceptance of the other persons faults and shortcomings.as much concern about the loved ones welfare as ones own.love, especially longterm love, has nothing in common with the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from hollywood, television, and romance novels.“real” love is closer to what one au

15、thor called “stirring-the-oatmeal love”.reading moreglobal understandingpart iiimain idea: _arguments:a._ _b._ _c._ _what brings people together? and is there a person out there that one is meant for?empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together.criticism and

16、 approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom.lust and desire are different from loveespecially romantic love.reading moreglobal understandingpart iiid. _ _ _e. _ _ _one should not conclude that desire always culminates in physical intimacy or that desire is the same as roman

17、tic love.healthy love relationships, whether physical or not (such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.task 2choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (p105)key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10babcdbcdcbdetailed informationc

18、ritical thinkingreading focusstep one read the following sentences from the text and decide whether you agree with the author. work in groups to provide examples to support your opinions.1. loveas both an emotion and a behavior is essential for human survival.2. love for oneself, or self-love, is al

19、so essential for our social and emotional development.3. love is an elusive concept.4. love has many dimensions.reading focuscritical thinkingstep twodiscuss in groups the following questions.1. what do you think is the ideal relationship?2. what is essential for a long-term relationship?3. people s

20、ay its difficult to maintain long-term relationship nowadays. do you agree and why?reading focuscritical thinking1. babies and children deprived of love have known to develop a wide variety of problemfor example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic diffic

21、ultiesthat sometimes last a lifetime. (para. 1)language point deprived of: 剥夺；使丧失e.g. he was deprived of his rights to education. 他被剥夺了受教育的权利。 impairment: the fact that a part of your body is unable to do something fully （身体机能的）受损 e.g. a hearing impairment 听力受损 neurotic: extremely worried about some

22、thing in an unreasonable way 极端焦虑的；神经质的 psychosomatic: of or relating to a physical disorder or illness that is caused or seems to be influenced by emotional factors（疾病）由身心失调引起的2. among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. (para. 3)languag

23、e point among other things: 除了别的以外，此外e.g. 1) shes very keen on sport: among other things, she plays tennis twice a week. 2) at the meeting they discussed, among other things, recent events in japan. demanding: (指人)对他人要求高的, 苛求的 e.g. children are so demanding: they need constant attention. 3. love has

24、 many dimensions. (para. 5) dimension: an aspect of a situation that influences the way that you think about the situation 方面；部分 e.g. 1) there is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed. 2) there is a political dimension to the accusations. language point 4. although love may involve p

25、assionate yearning, respect is a more important quality. (para. 6)language point yearning: n. a strong desire or feeling of wanting something 向往，思慕， 渴望 e.g. 1) he had a deep yearning to return to his home town. 2) i suppose its because i live in a crowded city that i have this yearning for open spac

26、es. 5. even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience. (para. 10) preteen: of, relating to, characteristic of, or designed for preteens 13岁以下儿童的 e.g. preteen fashions 青春期前儿童时装 societal: relati

27、ng to a particular society, or the way society is organized 社会的社会的 e.g. societal changes 社会变革 societal forces 社会势力 language point 6. regan and berscheid (1999) differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love. (para. 11) differentiate: to see or show a difference between things= distinguish 识别；

28、看出识别；看出的差别的差别e.g. 1) neil is color-blind and cannot differentiate between red and green. 2) its sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another. language point 6. once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark” in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretf

29、ully (and longingly) about “the good old days”. (para. 11)language point diminish: to become less, or to make something become less （使）变小；（使）减少 e.g. suddenly the wind diminished and the seas grew calm again. 突然风变小了，大海又平静了下来。 reminisce: v. to recall or talk about past experiences, events, etc. 追忆往事，缅

30、怀往事；回忆，话旧e.g. we spent the evening reminiscing about our university days. 我们整晚都在追忆我们的大学时光。 exercise: choose the appropriate word to fill in the blank, change the form when necessary. language point diminish decrease reduce1) our water supply _ as a result of the drought. 2) there has been a steady _

31、 in population in this city. 3) the helmet law should _ injuries in motorcycle accidents.has diminisheddecreasereduce key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-task 1choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (p107)aacbbcdcvocabulary in action actask 21. t

32、he two countries have always _ close relations.2. when were together, all he talks about is business. i wish he were more _.3. the museum is closed while _ repairs are being carried out.4. she had packed two cases with clothes, towels and other _.5. his coaching has added another _ to my game.read t

33、he words and their explanations in the box. choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning. change the form if necessary. (p107)maintained (a)romantic (a)vocabulary in action maintain, intimate, essential, defy, dimension, romanticessential (a)essentials (c)dimension (

34、c)6. were not on _ terms with our neighbours.7. he _ that the money was donated for international purposes.8. the beauty of the scene _ description.9. he _ his wishes with a slight nod of his head.10. computers design tools that work in three _.intimate (a)maintains (c)defies (b)intimated (d)vocabul

35、ary in action dimensions (a)11. this was the first time that i dared to _ my mother.12. the castle is set in one of englands most _ landscapes.13. i did not realize the _ of the problem.14. her income was barely enough to _ one child, let alone three.15. he surprised me with his _ knowledge of kierk

36、egaard and schopenhauer.defy (a)romantic (b)dimensions (b)vocabulary in action maintain (d)intimate (c)vocabulary in action task 3fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. change the form if necessary.1) 2)3) 4)5) 6)7) 8)9) 10)prerequisitedaterespectimportantwhomevercandidate

37、shighlyessentialsuitablesufficientthe last chapter global understanding detailed information critical thinking language points vocabulary in action12345 fighting youthparas. 4-6loving couplechange happeningparas. 1-3paras. 7-15loving because of forgettingparas. 16-18reading moreglobal understandingt

38、ext explorationcomplete the following extra with information from the text. (p113)key:1) everything2) throw3) lost6) financial7) alcohol8) taking4) marriage5) fear9) where10) explaineddetailed information11) anxiety12) cry13) approached14) shared15) structurecritical thinkingcritical thinkingstep on

39、ework together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text youve just read.1. what caused the problems in the marriage of the old couple when they were young?2. what was the cause for the changes that occurred later when they got old?3. if you were a marriage consultant, wh

40、at suggestions would you give to couples who have the same problems as the old couple had in the passage?reading morecritical thinkingstep twodiscuss in groups the following questions.1. why do we need marriage today? is it loneliness? is it teamwork? share with your classmates your ideas about why

41、people get married.2. “you do not marry someone you can live with; you marry the person you cannot live without.” do you agree with the saying? give your reasons.reading morecritical thinking1. their loving reassurances were sweet, touchingand surprising. (para. 3)language point reassurance: somethi

42、ng that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a probleme.g. 1) parents are looking for reassurance about their childrens safety. 2) the administration gave repeated reassurances that there was absolutely no danger to the public.2. he was a republican; s

43、he an ardent democrat. (para. 5)language point ardent: showing strong positive feelings about an activity and determination to succeed at ite.g. 1) hes been one of the most ardent supporters of the administrations policy. 2) an ardent baseball fan 3. there was a hope that they would change once they

44、 retired, and the furious winds did calm somewhat, but what remained steeled itself into bright, hard bitterness. (para. 6)language point furious: only before noun done with a lot of energy, effort, or anger 猛烈的，强烈的，激烈的 e.g. a furious storm 猛烈的暴风雨 a furious argument 激烈的争论steel yourself: to prepare y

45、ourself to do something that you know will be unpleasant or upsetting e.g. as she waited, she steeled herself for disappointment. 4. wed provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and theyd abide by one rule: no fighting. (para. 7)language point abide by: to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreem

46、ent etc, even though you may not agree with ite.g. you have to abide by the referees decision. task 1 1. doubtfill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explains its meaning. vocabulary in action a. whether he will continue to be successful in the future is open to _.b

47、. i _if that was what he wanted.c. im still _ whether i should accept this job.doubtdoubtdoubtful2. sprouta. hundreds of mushrooms had _ up overnight.b. add bean _ and cook another half minute.3. lavisha. it was one of the most _ weddings ive ever been to.b. he thought he would win her by _ her with

48、 expensive gifts.sproutedsproutslavishlavishingvocabulary in action 4. sharea. sue _ a house with three other students.b. would you like to _ your experience with the rest of the group?c. hed had more than his fair _ of adventure.5. beta. i wouldnt _ on them winning the next election.b. bookmakers a

49、re already taking _ on the outcome.c. our best _ would be to take the train.sharessharesharevocabulary in action betbetsbet 6. separatea. raw meat must be kept _ from cooked meat.b. he _ from his wife after 20 years of marriage.c. he said he understood her doubts and perhaps a trial _ might be the a

50、nswer.7. respectivea. they are each recognized specialists in their _ fields.b. in terms of population, california and new york rank first and second _.c. in this _, we are no different from other people.separateseparatesseparationrespectivevocabulary in action respectivelyrespectvocabulary in actio

51、n 8. roosta. today the countrys nationalists rule the _ and hand out the jobs.b. after years of overspending, the chickens have come home to _.9. increasea. the government is alarmed by the dramatic _ in violent crime.b. _, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones.c. high a

52、lcohol consumption _ the risk of liver disease.roostroostincreaseincreasinglyincreasesvocabulary in action 10. hunta. whales are still being _ and killed in the arctic.b. there are several different _ in the area.c. the couple had helped in the _ for the toddlers.d. job _ takes a lot of effort and c

53、an be a long, depressing process.11. raisea. somehow we managed to _ her to her feet.b. library employees have not received a _ for six years.c. there was a _ platform and a blackboard at the far end of the room.huntedhuntshunthuntingraiseraiseraisedvocabulary in action 12. crya. dont _ down her rea

54、l achievements.b. her answer was greeted with _ of outrage.c. there is a _ need for a place where our young people can meet.crycriescryingtask 21. when she left me, _ (我的世界就跨了).2. i was in a mess and there was no one to help me, _ (所以我只好做得尽量好).3. shed married some american and _ (在那里安家了).complete th

55、e following sentences by translating the chinese in brackets into english. try to use the expressions you have learned from the text. my world just fell apartso i just had to make the best of it settled downover therevocabulary in action 4. they are not divorced but _ (他们过着完全分开的生活).5. _ (我正准备打电话过去)

56、when simon arrived.6. _ (人们常常会有沮丧感) that they are not being promoted quickly enough.7. _ (有了后见之明的好处), its easy to say it was the wrong decision. they lead completely separated livesi was steeling myself to call round people often feel a sense of frustration with the benefit of hindsightvocabulary in

57、 action 8. _ (我们今天在这里向 的男男女女致敬) who gave their lives for their country. 9. _ (她自我安慰说) that no one else had done well in the exam either.10. _ (很多妇女都面临这样的窘境) of choosing between work and family commitments.we are here today to honor the men and womenshe consoled herself with the factmany women are fa

58、ced with the dilemmavocabulary in action 被动语态是一种表明句子的谓语和主语间关系的语法手段。在翻译时要根据英汉语言的特点，从句式和辅助词语两个方面进行语态转换。被动句的翻译被动句的翻译1按原句式翻译按原句式翻译英语被动句是由“助动词 be+过去分词”构成，在译成汉语时，可以用“被”、“受”、 “遭”、“让”、“给”、“由”、“把”、“为 所”、“加以”、“予以”等词来表达。2 2译成主动句译成主动句 英译汉时，不少英语的被动句被译成汉语的主动句，使句子更符合汉语的习惯。3 3译成判断句译成判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对事物的状态、

59、过程和性质加以描述，其作用与系表结构类似。此类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。4 4it + be +past participle + that it + be +past participle + that 引导的从句的翻译英语中这样的句子在汉语中可以译成不带主语或带主语的句。5 5某些表示被动含义的句型的翻译。某些表示被动含义的句型的翻译。e.g. 1) the house needed painting.译文：房子需要油漆一下了。2) the possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.译文：是否雇用更多的员工还

60、在研究中。解析：英语句子虽然看上去是主动语态，含义却是被动的，翻译成中文通常也用主动形式。translate the following paragraphs into chinese. pay particular attention to the adverbial clauses.paragraph onemuch research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how the