2022年2022年英语高考宾语从句考点解析

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载宾语从句（讲解部分由李璇.李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理） 宾语从句为一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语；考点一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句的引导词有： that、if、whether、who、 whom、 whose、 what、which、 when、 where、 why、 how依据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类；1. 由 that引导的宾语从句； that 只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略；例如：he said that he wanted to stay at home. she doesnt

2、 knowthat she is seriously ill.i am sure that he will succeed.留意：引导词 that用于以下情形为不能省略；(1) 当宾语从句的主语为that时；如 : he says that that is a useful book.(2) 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时；如: im afraid that if youve lost it、 you must pay for it.(3) 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可省略外,其余从句中的that都不能省略；如 : hesaidthatthe filmwas

3、very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.2. 由以下引导词引导的宾语从句： who、 whom、whose、 what、which、when、 where、 why、 how ；这些引导词在宾语从句中充当某个成分；例如：do you know who whom they are waiting for. he asked whose handwriting was the best.can you tell me where the no.3 bus stop is. i don t knowwhy the train i

4、s late.could you tell me what to do then.i want to know which one you prefer.i m wondering how i can get to the nearest park. he asked me when to finish the job.3. 由 if或 whether 引导的宾语从句； if和 whether 在句中的意思为“为否”；例如：i want to know if whether he lives there. he asked me whether if i could help him.注：只能

5、用 whether 不能用 if的情形：(1) if不能和 not 连用；如： i don t know whether or not he will come.(2) 在介词后引导宾语从句时要用whether ,不用 if ；如： everythingdepends on whether we have enough money.(3) 和不定式连用引导宾语从句时要用whether 不用 if ；如： i wonder whetherto go.(4) discuss , decide 后只能用 whether 不用 if；如： wediscussedwhether we精品学习资料精选学习

6、资料 - - - 欢迎下载should close the shop.考点二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序；例如：i hearthat physics isnt easy. i think that you will like this school soon.i wonder whether i should say something for him to the headmaster. he asked me where he could get such medicine.can you tell me how i can get to zoo.please tell

7、mewhen well have the meeting.考点三.宾语从句的时态1. 假如主句的时态为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态由从句的时间状语打算；例如：please tell us where he is.can you tell me how i can get to the railway station. i think i will do better in english this term.i minterested in what he has said.i remember he gave me a book yesterday.he has told me he wi

8、ll leave for new york tomorrow. i lltell you what i am doing.i am going to ask who can help me.he ll remember what he has been taught.2. 假如主句的时态为过去时,宾语从句时态也要用相对应的过去的时态：1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作,就用过去时或过去进行时；例如：i thought he was old.he asked what time it was.he wanted to know who she was waiting for.he tol

9、d me that he was preparing for the sports meet.2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作,就用过去完成时；例如：he said that he had finished reading the book. he asked if you had written to peter.3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作,就用过去将来时；例如：she said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. iwasntsure if it would rain.he said that he

10、 would go back to the u.s. soon.3. 从句表示普遍真理.客观事实时,其谓语动词用一般现在时；例如：精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载the teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.our teacher said that january is the first month of the year. scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.考点四.宾语从句的否定转移当 主 句 的 主 语 为 第 一 人 称we/i

11、、且 谓 语 动 词 为think/suppose/expect/ believe/ imagine等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句的谓语动词用确定式；例如：i don t think you are right.i don t believe she will take part in the english evening. he doesnt suppose it will come true one day.the mother doesn t expect that his son would be successful. he can t imag

12、ine what had happened.考点五.宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词为hope/wish/decide等时,从句可简化为不定式结构；例如：i hope that i can receive your e-mail.= i hope to receive your e-mail.iwish thaticouldbe a teacherone day.=iwish tobe a teacherone day.i decide that i will try my best to help him.=i decide to try my best to

13、 help him.当 宾 语 从 句 的 主 语 和 主 句 的 主 语 相 同 , 且 主 句 的 谓 语 动 词 为know/remember/forget/learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构；例如：she doesnt know what she should do next.= she doesnt know what to do next.动词 seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化,通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语, seem作谓语；例如：it seems that football is very interesting.= football se

14、ems to be very interesting.宾语从句可简化为名词或名词短语；例如：i don t believe what tom said.= i don t believe toms words.例题：1. he said he could finish his work before supper.1998年武汉市a. ifb. whatc. thatd. whether精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载2. do you know i could pass the exam. sorry ,i ve no idea.2003年山西省 a. thatb. wheth

15、erc. whatd. which3. these pictures will show you .2003年盐城市 a. what does our hometown look likeb. what our hometown looks likec. how does our hometown look liked. how our hometown looks like4. he asked his teacher .2003年南通市 a. if there was a monster in loch nessb. when was albert einstein bornc. how

16、would the scientists find out the resultd. where could he find the library5. jim doesn t understand .2003年辽宁省 a. which isthe way to the museumb.why hiswifealways goes shoppingc. what is the way to the museumd. why does she always go shopping6. when are the shutes leaving for new york. pardon. i aske

17、d .2003年呼和浩特市 a. when are the shutes leaving for new yorkb. when the shutes are leaving for new yorkc. when were the shutes leaving for new yorkd. when the shutes were leaving for new york7. the teacher told us yesterday thatdecember 25 christmasday.2002 年辽宁省 a. isb. wasc. has beend. will be8. could

18、 you tell us how long . about three days.2003年陕西省 a. does the sports meeting lastb. the sports meeting lastc. will the sports meeting lastd. the sports meeting will last9. do you know if back next week. if he back,please let me know.2002 年黑龙江省 a. he comes ,will comeb. will he come,comesc. he will co

19、me, comesd. will he come,will come10. the old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.改为同义句2003 年广州市 the old lady found out fruit cheaply.11. miss green didnt tell us in 2002. 北京市中考试题 a. where does she liveb. where she livesc. where did she lived. where she lived12.i dont know when . 哈尔滨市中考

20、试题 a. will the train leaveb. the train will leavec. would the train leaved. the train leave精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载13.-we dont know .常州市中考试题 -it is said that he was born in sweden.a. what he isb. if he lives herec. where he comes fromd. which country is he from14. my friend asked me、“ do you help you

21、r parents with the housework onweekdays.” 改写句子,句意不变 （09 济南）my friend asked me i my parents with the housework on weekdays.15. “put your school bag on the desk.” mother said to jack.改为间接引语09乌兰察布 mother told jack his school bag on the desk.16. alice didn t know how she could draw horses well. 改为同义句 06

22、重庆alice didnt know how horses well.17. i wondered what i should do next. 改为同义句 06重庆 i wondered what next.keys:1-5 c b b a b6-10 d a d c; where to buy 11-15 d b c; if、 help; to、 put 16-17 to、 draw; to、 do;宾语从句【中考范例】1. 2004 年北京市中考试题 miss green didn t tell us in 2002.a. where does she liveb. where she

23、livesc. where did she lived. where she lived2. 2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题 would you please tell me .a. when did he come homeb. where he would play footballc. if he had seen the filmd. why he didn t watch the game3. 2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题 i don t know when .a. will the train leaveb. the train will leavec. would the tr

24、ain leaved. the train leave4. 2004 年常州市中考试题 -we don t know .-it is said that he was born in sweden.a. what he isb. if he lives here精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载c. where he comes fromd. which country is he from答案： ddbc【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. do you know during the coming summer holiday.a. what will tom dob. what d

25、id tom doc. what tom will dod. what tom did2. i want to know .a. what is his nameb. what s his namec. that his name isd. what his name is3. do you know i could pass the exam.a. thatb. whetherc. whatd. which4. jim doesn t understand .a. which is the way to the museumb. why his wife always goes shoppi

26、ngc. what is the way to the museumd. why does she always go shopping5. -could you tell me she is looking for.a. thatb. whosec. whod. which6. mr. king didn t know yesterday evening.a. when does his son come homeb. when his son comes homec. when did his son come homed. when his son came home7. could y

27、ou tell me the bike this morning.a. how does he mendb. how he mendsc. how he mendedd. how did he mend8. -i m waiting for the mail. do you know it will arrive.-usually it comes by 4: 00.a. howb. wherec. whend. what9. -excuse me、 would you please tell me .-certainly. go straight along here. it s next

28、to a hospital.a. how we can get to the post officeb. how can we get to the post officec. how get to the post officed. how could we get to the post office10. -can i help you.-yes. i d like a ticket to mount emei. can you tell me take to get there.a. how soon will itb. how soon it willc. how long it w

29、illd. how long will it11. he wanted to know .a. whether he speaks at the meeting精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载b. when the meeting would startc. what he s going to do at the meetingd. where would the meeting be held12. -could you tell me the bamboo garden.-the day after tomorrow、 i think.a. when will you vi

30、sitb. when you will visitc. when would you visitd. when you would visit13. would you please tell me next、 mr wang.a. what should we dob. we should do whatc. what we should dod. should we do what14. you can t imagine when they received these nice christmas presents.a. how they were excitedb. how exci

31、ted they werec. how excited were theyd. they were how excited15. i want to know you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.a. thatb. whenc. whered. whether16. -could you tell me .-sorry、 i don t know. i was not at the meeting.a. what does he say at the meetingb. what did he say at the meetingc. what he say

32、s at the meetingd. what he said at the meeting17. -could you tell me last night.-er、 i was watching euro 2004 at home.a. what you were doingb. what were you doingc. what you are doingd. what are you doing18. the teacher asked the students .a. if they were interested in dinosaursb. when was albert einstein bornc. what they