2022年2022年高中英语情态动词详细讲解及例句

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载一.情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词或状态动词构成谓语二.情态动词分为：情态助动词：cancould .maymight .must .have to had to .ought to.shallshould .willwould 12个半情态助动词：dare.need.used to. had better.would better5 个 三.情态助动词1. can and could1) ability ： be able to do /manage to do/succeed in doing sth. eg.the army c

2、an defeat their enemy.eg.the army is able to defeat their enemy. eg.the army succeed in defeating their enemy.2) permission:eg.can i smoke here.eg.you can t smoke here.3) possibility: 用在否定句.疑问句.感叹句中- eg.this can t be done by him.当被用在确定句中时,表达的为理论上的可能性,不涉及为否真的会发生eg.even expert drives can make mistakes

3、.要表达现在或者将来的可能性,用may /might 或 could. eg.i may leave for beijing next month.但在特别疑问句中,或与副词hardly .only 等连用的陈述句中表达可能性只用 can/couldeg.where can the noise be coming from.eg.it can hardly be the postman、he comes only in the morning.4有时会： the road can be blocked. 5could表示稍微的怀疑或委婉的看法i m sorry i couldn t lend

4、you the book now. his story could be true、but i hardly think it is.6) could表示委婉的恳求,主要用于疑问句,不用于确定句could you lend me some money. yes、i can /no、i am afraid not.7) could的常用结构：could+ 动词 +比较级“ 特别,再 .不过了 ”it couldn t be better.couldn t过+去分词 +比较级 “ 特别,再 .不过了 ”they couldn t have tried harder to make me eel w

5、elcome.can t.too.=can never to“o 无论怎样 .也不为过 、越.越好 ”i can t thank you too much.i owe my progress to you.can t help/choose but do/can but +动词原形 “ 不得不,只好”we can but agree with him.can t help doing忍不住,不得不i can t help laughingcan t be it掌握不住,没有方法it can t be helpedcan t.without 没有 .就不能one can t succeed wi

6、thout perseverance.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载2. may and might1) permission:may i use your pen.yes、you may./no、you may not.2) possibility: 用于估量,表示不确定、不用于疑问句中 she may know tom s address.显现 i m afraid.i m n等ot表su示re不确定时,常用may/might. i m afraid he might not come to attend the meeting today.从语气上判定,may 表示的可能

7、性比might大, might 更多的表示怀疑he may be very busy now. he might be very busy now.3用于让步状语从句中however hard you may study、you cannot master english in a month.4用于祈使句,表示希望may you succeed.5might常用于表示稍微的批判和委婉的恳求you might post the letter for me if you are going near a post box. you might have let me know before.精品

8、学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6习惯用法： may as well do理所”当然,有足够的理由”精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载she may be proud of her sonmay /might just as well do=had better do最好 you might as well stay at home tonight.may/might as well+do a+as+do+b与其”做 b 不如做 a”you might as well throw the money away as lend it to him.one may as we

9、ll not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly 3.must and have to1表示义务,肯定要,必需you must arrive in good time.the meeting is very important.2表示确定性或难以防止,必定会,确定会all men must die.3) must 表示有把握的估量,肯定为,准时must do/must be doing/must have done the tall fellow must be a basketball player.let s have someth

10、ing.you must be starving.he must have received mu letter which has mailed last week.4) must 表示非要,偏要,常以其次人称为主语,意指不耐或令人不开心的事情,用于其他人称,表示主语顽固,意为偏偏why must you buy that car.jane was never a pleasant young girl.after you gave her your advice、she must go and do the opposite.5） must 的三种否定形式表示不行能must be -can

11、 t bemust have done-can t have done you must have met him before.you can t have met him before.表示不必must do-need not to/don t have to精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载we must get up at six tomorrow morning.we don t have to get up at six tomorrow morning.表示决不能,严禁must-mustntyou mustn t park your car here.6回答以 mus

12、t 提问的句子must we clean all the rooms.yes 、you must/no 、you don t have to/no 、you neednt7) must 可做名词,表示必需有的东西,必需做的事warm clothes are a must in the mountains.8) must 和 have to 表示必需时,有一下差别must表示的为说话人主观的看法,而have to 就往往强调客观需要the play is not interesting 、i really must go now. i have to work when i was your a

13、ge.must一般只表现在,have to 就有更多的时态；had to/shallwillhave to/have had to/had had to二者的否定意义大不相同,mustn 表t示禁止,不准don t have to不必 且 didn t have 表to 示的为过去没有必要做,至于为否已做,要依据上下文判定；you mustn t go you don t have toit was very kind of you to do the washing-up、but you didn t have to do it4. ought to应当,表示义务或估量1 确定：主语 +ou

14、ght to do sth.否定：主语 +ought not to sth./oughtn t to do sth.疑问： ought + 主语 +to do sth.2）表示估量时,与must 的区分, must 比较确定,直率；ought to 没那么确定,比较含蓄精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载5. shall and shouldhe must be home by now. he ought to be home by now.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载1) shall 用在疑问句第一和第三人称中、表示征求对方看法what shall we do i

15、n the evening.2用在其次第三人称中,表示说话人的命令,警告或威逼you shall fail if you don t work harder. he shall be punished.3在法律.条约.规章中,不论人称,一律用shall、表示义务.规定.预言等；each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. death is certain to all、all shall die.4表示劝说.建议.命令时,与ought to 同义should i open the window.you shou

16、ld go to class right away.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载you ought to go to class right away.5) should表示应当做时,有种道义上的责任i should help him because he is in trouble.6) should仍可以表示合理地推断,且所推断的几乎为事实,因此不为虚拟语气mary took dance lessons for years 、she should be an excellent dancer.7) should表示担忧,惋惜等心情时,有“ 竟会,竟然 ”的意思you ca

17、n t imagine that a well-done gentleman should be so rude.8) should在疑问句中,常与how、why、who 连用,表示不合理,难以信任how should i know.why should him publish such a book.6. will and would1) will表示意愿,愿望,决心i will never do that again.2）表示估量,大致,想必=must/should/ought to 指现在it will be snowing in beijing now.3表示习惯时多用于第三人称,意为

18、通常,经常he will sit here there hour after hour doing nothing.4will表示自然规律oil and water will not mixed.5用于对一个厌恶的习惯和无生命体进行批判jack will leave the lights on when he s last out of the office whatever i do、my car won t start first time on the cold morning.6用在 if 条件句中表示意志,意为insist onifyou will go out without a

19、coat 、you will catch a cold.表示有礼貌的劝阻,意为be willing toifwon t stop smoking、you can only except to have a bad cough.表示对将来行为的猜测ifhe won t arrive before ten、there s no point in ordering meal for him.7) would可以表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,与used to 不同没有 “ 现在已无此习惯”的含义during the vacation he would visit me every week.8)

20、would表示估量和猜想it would be ten when he left home.9） would表示谦恭的恳求,常用于疑问句would you tell me the way to the station.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载10won 和t半情态助词would not常用于表示 “坚决地拒绝 ”he would not let me enter the room.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载1. dare和 need 的用法1）二者做情态动词时,主要用于疑问句.否定句和条件从句,dare 既可指现在,也可指去 he daren t sp

21、eak english before such a crowd 、dare he.the president was so hot-tempered that no one dare tell him the bad news.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载you needn t come so early2need 在做情态动词时,引起的问句的回答方式need i finish the work today.yes、you must/have to /ought to /should no、 you needn t/don t have to3二者做实义动词时,有人称时态数的

22、变化dare to do sth.not daretodo sth.eg.he does not dare toanswer. need to do sth 现在didn t need to do st过h.去will need 将来精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载4） didn t need to d和oour luggage for more books.needn t have don前e 者不必做某事,后者本不必做但实际上已经做了we didn t need to take warm sweaters、as the weather was so good.we needn

23、 t have taken warm sweaters.we could have used the space in精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载5与 dare 构成的一些惯用语how dare+ 句子,表示 “ 竟敢 ”how dare you open my drawer without my permission.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i dare say我以“为,我想”he is not here yet、but i dare say he will come latter精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载don t you dar

24、e用于警告他人不许做某事“你敢 ”don t you dare come here again.2. used to /had better to /would rather的用法1） used to 只有过去形式,不用于现在将来,表曾经有某种习惯he told us he used to play football when he was young在疑问句中did you use to go there to see your brother.used you to go there to see your brother. yes 、i did/i used tono 、i didn t

25、/i usednt在否定句中i didn t used to go there.i usedn t to go there.在强调句中i used to smoke 、but it was along time ago. i did use to smoke、but it was a long time ago.在反意疑问句中she used to be very fat、didn t she /usedn t she.2had better/bestdo 没有词形的变化、主义 you had better 不能用于对长辈we had better go now3） would rather,

26、没有词形的变化,接原形表示现在或将来如表示过去的意愿可接完成时i d rather not have told her the news.would rather do .than do.i would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than know that you have told me one lie情态动词 +完成式1） could have done 用于谈论过去的情形,确定句中表示那时可能,否定句中表示怀疑,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载用于虚拟语气表示某事过去可能发生而实际位发生,意为“ 本可以 ”john could have posted the letter.she couldn t have done it ;she is such a nice girl the accident could have been prevented.留意can have done 仅用于否定句和疑问句,表示从现在的眼光看过去而 could have done 仍可以表示从过去的某个时间段看之前发生的事情can she have got the book.he asked to see his exam paper、feeling sure that he