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信息与电子工程系毕业设计（翻译）外文资料(英文)Sensorisonekindcomponentwhichcantansformthephysicalquantity,chemistryquantityandthebiomassintoelectricalsignal.Theoutputsignalhasthedifferentformslikethevoltage,theelectriccurrent,thefrequency,thepulseandsoon,whichcansatisfythesignaltransmission,processing,recording,demonstrationandcontroldemands.Soitistheautomaticdetectionsystemandintheautomaticcontrolindustry.IfautomaticTechnologyisusedwider,thensensorismoreimportant.Ininformationage,theinformationindustryincludsinformationgathering,transmission,processthreeparts,namelysensortechnology,communication,computertechnology.Becauseofultralargescaleintegratedcircuitsrapiddevelopmentafterhavingbeendeveloped,Moderncomputertechnologyandcommunication,notonlyrequestssensorprecision,reliability,speedofresponseandgaininformationcontentrequestmoreandmorehigh,butalsorequestsitscosttobeinexpensive.Theobvioustraditionalsensoriseliminatedgraduallybecauseofthefunction,thecharacteristic,thevolume,thecostandsoon.Asworlddevelopmanycountriesarespeedinguptothesensornewtechnologysresearchandthedevelopment,andallhasobtainedtheenormousbreakthrough.Nowthesensornewtechnologydevelopment,mainlyhasfollowingseveralaspects:Firstly, discovering and using.Usingthephysicalphenomenon,thechemicalreaction,thebiologicaleffectasthesensorprinciplethereforetheresearcheswhich discoveredthenewphenomenonandtheneweffectarethesensortechnologicalimprovingways.itisimportantstudies todevelopenewsensorsthefoundation.JapaneseSharpCorporationusesthesuperconductivitytechnologytodevelopsuccessfullythehightemperaturesuperconductivitymagneticsensorandgetthesensortechnologysignificantbreakthrough.Itssensitivityissohighandonlyinferiorinthesuperconductivityquantuminterferencecomponent.Itsmanufacturecraftisfarsimplerthanthesuperconductivityquantuminterferencecomponent.Mayuseinmagnetismimageformationtechnology.Soithasthewidespreadpromotedvalue.Usingtheimmunebodyandtheantigenmeetsoneanothercompoundwhentheelectrodesurface.Itcancausetheelectrodepotentialchangeandusethisphenomenontobepossibletogeneratetheimmunitysensor.Theimmunitysensormakeswiththiskindofimmunebodymaytosomeorganisminwhetherhasthiskindofanti-originalworkinspection.Likemayinspectsomebodywiththehepatitisvirusimmunebodywhethercontractsthehepatitis,playstoisfast,theaccuraterole.TheUSUCsixthbranchhasdeveloppedthiskindofsensor.Secondly,usingthenewmaterial.Thesensormaterialistheimportantfoundationforsensortechnology,becausethematerialsscienceisprogressiveandthepeoplemaymakeeachkindofnewsensor.Forexamplemakingthetemperaturesensorwiththehighpolymerthinfilm;Theopticalfibercanmakethepressure,thecurrentcapacity,thetemperature,thedisplacementandsoonthemanykindsofsensors;Makingthepressuretransmitterwiththeceramics.Thehighpolymercanbecometheproportionadsorptionandthereleasehydronealongwiththeenvironmentrelativehumiditysize.Thehighpolymerelectricityliesbetweentheconstanttobesmall,thehydronecanenhancethepolymerthecoefficientofdielectricalloss.Makingthecapacitorthehighpolymerdielectricmedium,determinestheelectriccapacitycapacitythechange,thenobtainstherelativehumidity.Makingtheplasmausingthisprincipletogatherthelegitimatepolystyrenefilmtemperaturesensorbelow,ithasthecharacteristic:Measuredthewetscopeiswide;Thetemperaturerangeiswide,mayreach-400+1,500;Thespeedofresponseisquick,issmallerthan1S;Thesizeissmall,mayuseinthesmallspacemeasuringwet;Thetemperaturecoefficientissmall.Theceramicelectriccapacitytypepressuretransmitterisonekinddoesnothavetheintermediaryfluidthedrytypepressuretransmitter.Usestheadvancedceramictechnology,theheavyfilmelectronictechnology,itstechnicalperformanceisstable,theyeardriftingquantityissmallerthan0.1%F.S,warmfloatsissmallerthan0.15%/10K,anti-overloadsstrongly,mayreachthemeasuringrangeseveralhundredtimes.Thesurveyscopemayfrom0to60mpa.GermanE+HCorporationandtheAmericanKavlioCorporationproductisattheleadingposition.Theopticalfiberapplicationissendthematerialsignificantbreakthrough,itsusesinmostearlytheopticalcommunicationtechniques.Intheopticalcommunicationusediscoveredworksasenvironmentalconditionchangeandsoonthetemperature,pressure,electricfield,magneticfield,causesthefiberoptictransmissionlightwaveintensity,thephase,thefrequency,changeandsoonthepolarizationcondition,thesurveylightwavequantitychange,mayknowcausestheselightwavephysicalquantitytheandsoonquantitativechangetemperature,pressure,electricfield,magneticfieldsize,usestheseprinciplestobepossibletodeveloptheopticalfibersensor.Theopticalfibersensorandthetraditionalsensorcomparehasmanycharacteristics:Sensitivityhigh,thestructuresimple,thevolumesmall,anti-corrosive,theelectricinsulationgood,thepathofraysmaybecurving,beadvantageousfortherealizationtelemeteringandsoon.OpticalfibersensorJapanisintheadvancedlevel.LikeIdecIzumiCorporationandSunxCorporation.Theopticalfibersendreceiverandtheintegratedpathofraystechnologyunify,acceleratestheopticalfibersensortechnologydevelopment.Willintegratethepathofrayscomponenttoreplacetheoriginalopticspartandthepassivelightcomponent,enabletheopticalfibersensortohavethehighbandwidth,thelowsignalprocessingvoltage,thereliabilityhigh,thecostwillbelow.Third,micromachine-finishingtechnologyInsemiconductortechnologyprocessingmethodoxygenation,thephotoetching,theproliferation,thedeposition,theplaneelectroncraft,variousguidescorrosionandsteamsplates,thesputteringthinfilmandsoon,thesehaveallintroducedtothesensormanufacture.Thushasproducedeachkindofnewsensor,likemakesthesiliconmicrosensorusingthesemiconductortechnology,makesthefastresponseusingthethinfilmcraftthegastobesensitive,thewetsensitivesensor,theusesputteringthinfilmcraftsystempressuretransmitterandsoon.TheJapanesehorizontalrivercompanyusesvariousguidescorrosiontechnologytocarryonthehighaccuracythreedimensionalprocessing,thesystemhelpsthesiliconresonancetypepressuretransmitter.ThecorepartiallypressestworesonantLiangbythefeelingwhichabovethesilicondiaphragmandthesilicondiaphragmmanufacturestoform,tworesonantLiangsfrequencydifferencecorrespondencedifferentpressure,measuresthepressurewiththefrequencydifferencemethod,mayeliminatetheerrorwhichfactorandsoonambienttemperaturebrings.Whenambienttemperaturechange,tworesonantLiangfrequencyandtheamplitudevariationaresame,aftertwofrequencydifferences,itssamechangequantitycancounterbalancemutually.Itssurveymosthighaccuracymayreach0.01%FS.AmericanSiliconMicrostructureInc.(SMI)thecompanydevelopsaseriesoflowends,linearin0.1%to0.In65%scopesiliconmicropressuretransmitter,thelowestfullmeasuringrangeis0.15psi(1KPa),itmakestakethesiliconasthematerial,hastheuniquethreedimensionalstructure,thelightslightmachine-finishing,makesthewheatstonebridgemanytimeswiththeetchingonthesilicondiaphragm,whenabovesiliconchipstress,ithasthedistortion,theresistanceproducespressestheanti-effectbuttolosethebridgebalance,theoutputandthepressurebecomestheproportiontheelectricalsignalSuchsiliconmicrosensoristhefronttechnologywhichnowthesensordevelops,Itsessentialfeatureisthesensitiveunitvolumeisamicronmagnitude,Isthetraditionalsensorseveraldozens,several1%.Inaspectandsoonindustrycontrol,aerospacedomain,biomedicinehasthevitalrole,likeontheairplanetheusemayreducetheairplaneweight,reducestheenergy.Anothercharacteristiciscanbesensitiveissmallsurveyed,maymakethebloodpressurepressuretransmitter.TheChineseaviationmaincorporationBeijingobservationandcontroltechnicalresearchinstitute,thedevelopmentCYJseriessplashesthanksthemembranepressuretransmitterisusestheionsputteringcrafttoprocessthemetalstraingauge,ithasovercomethenonmetallicstraingaugeeasilythetemperatureinfluenceinsufficiency,hasthehighstability,issuitableineachkindofsituation,ismeasuredthemediumscopewidely,butalsoovercamethetraditionlowlytogluetheprecisionwhichthetypebrought,sluggishbig,shortcomingandsoonslowchange,hadtheprecisionhigh,thereliabilityishigh,thevolumesmallcharacteristic,widelyusedindomainandsoonaviation,petroleum,chemicalindustry,medicalservice.Fourth,integratesthesensorIntegratesthesensorthesuperiorityisthetraditionalsensorisunabletoachieve,itisasimplesensornotmerely,itinatthesametimetheauxiliarycircuitpartandsendthepartwillintegrateontogetherthechip,willcauseittohavethecalibration,tocompensate,fromthediagnosisandthenetworkcorrespondencefunction,itmightreducethecost,thegaininyield,thiskindofbloodpressuresensorwhichAmericanLUCAS,NOVASENSORCorporationwilldevelop,eachweekwillbeabletoproduce10,000.Fifth,intellectualizedsensorTheintellectualizedsensorisonekindofbeltmicroprocessorsensor,isachievementwhichthemicrocomputerandthesensorunifies,ithasatthesametimetheexamination,thejudgmentandtheinformationprocessingfunction,compareswiththetraditionalsensorhasverymanycharacteristics:Hasthejudgmentandtheinformationprocessingfunction,cancarryontherevision,theerrortotheobservedvaluecompensates,thusenhancementmeasuringaccuracy;Mayrealizethemulti-sensormultiparameterssurvey;Hasfromthediagnosisandfromthecalibrationfunction,enhancesthereliability;Thesurveydatamaydepositandwithdraw,easytooperate;Hasthedatacommunicationinterfacedci,canandthemicrocomputerdirectcommunication.Thesensor,thesignaladjustmentelectriccircuit,themonolithicintegratedcircuitintegrationformsultralarge-scaleintegratedonachiptheseniorintelligencesensor.AmericanHONYWELLCorporationST-3000intelligencesensor,thechipsizeonlythenhas342mm3,usesthesemiconductorcraft,makesCPU,EPROM,thestaticpressure,thedifferentialpressure,thetemperatureontheidenticalchipandsoonthreekindofsensitiveunits.Theintellectualizedsensorresearchandthedevelopment,USisattheleadingposition.AmericanSpaceAgencywhendevelopmentspaceshipcalledthiskindofsensorforthecleversensor(SmartSensor),onthespaceshipthiskindofsensorisextremelyimportant.Ourcountryinthisaspectresearchanddevelopmentalsoverybackward,mainlyisbecauseourcountrysemiconductorintegratedcircuittechnologicallevelislimited.Thesensorsdevelopmentischangingdayafterdaysincespeciallythe80shumanitieshaveenteredintothehighindustrializationtheinformationage,sensortechnologytorenewal,highertechnologicaldevelopment.US,Japanandsoondevelopedcountrysensortechnologicaldevelopmentquickest,ourcountrybecausethefoundationisweak,thesensortechnologycompareswiththesedevelopedcountrieshasthebigdisparity.Therefore,weshouldenlargetothesensorengineeringresearch,thedevelopmentinvestment,causesourcountrysensortechnologyandtheforeigndisparityreduces,promotesourcountryinstrumentmeasuringapplianceindustryandfromthetechnicaldevelopment.外文翻译(中文)传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。输出信号有不同形式，如电压、电流、频率、脉冲等，能满足信息传输、处理、记录、显示、控制要求，是自动检测系统和自动控制系统中不可缺少的元件。如果把计算机比作大脑，那么传感器则相当于五官，传感器能正确感受被测量并转换成相应输出量，对系统的质量起决定性作用。自动化程度越高，系统对传感器要求越高。在今天的信息时代里，信息产业包括信息采集、传输、处理三部分，即传感技术、通信技术、计算机技术。现代的计算机技术和通信技术由于超大规模集成电路的飞速发展，而已经充分发达后，不仅对传感器的精度、可靠性、响应速度、获取的信息量要求越来越高，还要求其成本低廉且使用方便。显然传统传感器因功能、特性、体积、成本等已难以满足而逐渐被淘汰。世界许多发达国家都在加快对传感器新技术的研究与开发，并且都已取得极大的突破。如今传感器新技术的发展，主要有以下几个方面：一、发现并利用新现象利用物理现象、化学反应、生物效应作为传感器原理，所以研究发现新现象与新效应是传感器技术发展的重要工作，是研究开发新型传感器的基础。日本夏普公司利用超导技术研制成功高温超导磁性传感器，是传感器技术的重大突破，其灵敏度高，仅次于超导量子干涉器件。它的制造工艺远比超导量子干涉器件简单。可用于磁成像技术，有广泛推广价值。利用抗体和抗原在电极表面上相遇复合时，会引起电极电位的变化，利用这一现象可制出免疫传感器。用这种抗体制成的免疫传感器可对某生物体内是否有这种抗原作检查。如用肝炎病毒抗体可检查某人是否患有肝炎，起到快速、准确作用。美国加州大学巳研制出这类传感器。二、利用新材料传感器材料是传感器技术的重要基础，由于材料科学进步，人们可制造出各种新型传感器。例如用高分子聚合物薄膜制成温度传感器；光导纤维能制成压力、流量、温度、位移等多种传感器；用陶瓷制成压力传感器。高分子聚合物能随周围环境的相对湿度大小成比例地吸附和释放水分子。高分子电介常数小，水分子能提高聚合物的介电常数。将高分子电介质做成电容器，测定电容容量的变化，即可得出相对湿度。利用这个原理制成等离子聚合法聚苯乙烯薄膜温度传感器，其有以下特点：测湿范围宽；温度范围宽，可达-400+1500；响应速度快，小于1S；尺寸小，可用于小空间测湿；温度系数小。陶瓷电容式压力传感器是一种无中介液的干式压力传感器。采用先进的陶瓷技术，厚膜电子技术，其技术性能稳定，年漂移量小于0.1%F.S,温漂小于0.15%/10K,抗过载强,可达量程的数百倍。测量范围可从0到60mpa。德国E+H公司和美国Kavlio公司产品处于领先地位。光导纤维的应用是传感材料的重大突破，其最早用于光通信技术。在光通信利用中发现当温度、压力、电场、磁场等环境条件变化时，引起光纤传输的光波强度、相位、频率、偏振态等变化，测量光波量的变化，就可知道导致这些光波量变化的温度、压力、电场、磁场等物理量的大小，利用这些原理可研制出光导纤维传感器。光纤传感器与传统传感器相比有许多特点：灵敏度高，结构简单、体积小、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、光路可弯曲、便于实现遥测等。光纤传感器日本处于先进水平。如IdecIzumi公司和Sunx公司。光纤传感受器与集成光路技术相结合，加速光纤传感器技术的发展。将集成光路器件代替原有光学元件和无源光器件，使光纤传感器有高的带宽、低的信号处理电压，可靠性高，成本低。三、微机械加工技术半导体技术中的加工方法有氧化、光刻、扩散、沉积、平面电子工艺，各向导性腐蚀及蒸镀，溅射薄膜等，这些都已引进到传感器制造。因而产生了各种新型传感器，如利用半导体技术制造出硅微传感器，利用薄膜工艺制造出快速响应的气敏、湿敏传感器，利用溅射薄膜工艺制压力传感器等。日本横河公司利用各向导性腐蚀技术进行高精度三维加工，制成全硅谐
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