东北林业大学2010级英语专业毕业论文模板

1、毕 业 论 文评价理论视阈下葬花吟五个英译本的对比研究学生姓名：徐云专业班级：英语2009级3班指导教师：赵莉 教授学 院：外国语学院2014年6月评价理论视阈下葬花吟五个英译本的对比研究摘要红楼梦堪称中国古典文学瑰宝，在国内外都享有很高声誉。葬花吟出自红楼梦第二十七回滴翠亭杨妃戏彩蝶,埋香冢飞燕泣残红，全诗遣词浅显流畅,音节回环复叠，抒情淋漓酣畅。葬花吟以其丰富奇特的想象，浓烈忧伤的情调，勾画出林黛玉纷繁复杂的精神世界，奏响了她身世遭遇的全部哀曲。评价理论是在系统功能语言学理论框架下对人际意义研究的新发展，评价意义体现语篇的人际功能。翻译过程中原文和译文在评价意义表达上的对等也是衡量翻译质量

2、的一个重要标准，原文的评价意义在译文中是否表达出来，程度如何，都与译者对原文的理解、对客观世界的体验和价值取向有关。本论文基于Martin的评价理论，分析红楼梦里葬花吟中所表达的评价意义及其在五种英译本中的实现。本研究综合定性与定量分析，主要从态度、介入和级差三个层面展开，综合分析所选语料中原文的评价意义在译文中是否得到映射转述，原文和译文在评价意义表达上是否等效。旨在从评价理论的角度衡量葬花吟五个译文的翻译质量，从而为翻译作品的评价提供更加客观的理论依据，拓展评价理论的应用范围和翻译研究的思路。关键词葬花吟；评价理论；评价意义；翻译研究汉语摘要至少400字Comparative Analys

3、is of Five English Versions of ZangHua Yin From the Appraisal PerspectiveAbstractHongLou Meng, rated as gems of classical Chinese literature, enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. ZangHua Yin, the masterpiece of Lin Daiyu, appears in the 27th chapter of HongLou Meng entitled “Beauty Pers

4、piring sports with butterflies by the Raindrop Pavilion; And Beauty Suspiring weeps for fallen blossoms by the Flowers Grave”(David Hawkes version). The words in the poem are appropriate and fluent; the syllables are recurring and overlapping; the emotion is implicit and profound. ZangHua Yin sketch

5、es out Lin Daiyus complicated and sophisticated spiritual world and plays out the sorrowful tune of her misfortunate life experiences.Appraisal Theory, based on Hallidays Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), is a new lexical-grammar framework which developed from the model of interpersonal meaning

6、, concerning about the interpersonal attitudes negotiated in the text. The equivalence of source text(ST) and target text(TT) in appraisal meaning is a key criterion to evaluate translation quality. However, whether or not the appraisal meanings in ST are realized in TT and how they are realized dep

7、end on the understanding of ST by the translators and their experiences and value orientation. Taking Martins Appraisal Theory as a base, the thesis attempts to make an analysis of the appraisal meanings in ZangHua Yin and their realization in the five English versions. This study, adopting both qua

8、litative and quantitative approach, is conducted on the strata of attitude, engagement and graduation. It comprehensively analyzes whether or not the appraisal meanings in ST are realized and equivalent in TT, aiming at weighing the translation quality of the five English versions of ZangHua Yin, an

9、d providing more objective theoretical foundation for the evaluation of distinct translation versions as well as expanding the application scope of Appraisal Theory and research thoughts of translation study.Keywords ZangHua Yin; Appraisal Theory; Appraisal Meaning; Translation StudyAbstract this pa

10、per is a case study to probe into the code-switching motivations on campus. The author has argued that campus people code-switching out of certain motivations. She has supported her claim in three ways : collecting code-switching data from three sources: long-term participant observation, interviews

11、 and a questionnaire , a survey of the data, and illustrating campus code-switching motivations from the first-hand code-switching data. Preliminary findings a represented in the data survey considering frequency of different categories of code-switching by different speakers, campus attitudes towar

12、ds code-switching, and campus code-switching motivations . By drawing on the corpus and the questionnaire results, the author has approached campus code-switching motivations from main two aspects: linguistic motivations and socio-psychological motivations.摘要是一个案例研究来探讨校园语码转换动机。作者认为,校园人转换语言的某些动机。她支持她

13、的要求在三个方面:收集代码转换数据从三个来源:长期参与观察、访谈和问卷调查,调查的数据,从第一手代码转换数据和说明校园语码转换动机。初步结果数据调查中考虑不同类别的语码转换的频率不同的扬声器,校园语码转换态度,和校园语码转换动机。通过借鉴语料库和问卷调查结果,作者接近校园语码转换动机主要来自两个方面:语言动机和外动机。Contents摘要Abstract1 Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 The Purpose of the Study11.3 Methodology11.3.1 Research Questions21.3.2 Data Co

14、llection21.3.3 Research Method31.3.4 Research Procedures32 Literature Review52.1 About ZangHua Yin and its Translation52.2 Previous Studies on ZangHua Yin and Its Translation52.2.1 Lexicology Approach52.2.2 Discourse Approach52.2.3 Comparative Study of Different Versions52.3 Summary63 Theoretical Fo

15、undation73.1 Development of Appraisal Theory73.2 Previous Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory73.2.1 Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory Abroad73.2.2 Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory at Home73.3 Attitude83.4 Engagement83.5 Graduation83.6 Summary84 Detailed Analysis of Five

16、English Versions of ZangHua Yin104.1 Comparative Analysis of Attitude Resources in the Five English Versions104.1.1 Affect104.1.2 Judgement104.1.3 Appreciation104.1.4 Summary of Attitude resources in ST and TTs114.2 Comparative Analysis of Engagement Resources in the Five English Versions114.2.1 Mon

17、ogloss114.2.2 Heterogloss114.3 Comparative Analysis of Graduation Resources in the Five English Versions124.3.1 Force124.3.2 Focus124.4 Summary12Conclusion13Bibliography14Appendix16Acknowledgements17文学方向论文各章节不用写summary，在Conclusion页之后有个Notes页。文学方向引用原文部分需斜体，并加“上脚注”，如1 打出1之后选中它，再按ctrl+shift+加号键除文学方向以外所

18、有其他方向各章节（除introduction,conclusion以外）都要写summary除文学方向以外，其他方向的引用格式是“文内注”，即在引用的原文后标出 （作者姓名，年份：页码）E.g.:In broad terms, utterances can be classified as Monogloss when they make no reference to other voices and viewpoints and and Hetergoloss when they do invoke or allow for dialogistic alternatives.(Martin

19、 & White, 2008:99)Error! No text of specified style in document. Error! No text of specified style in document.1 Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundHongLou Meng, with its tremendous literary charm and unique artistic value, has been one of the most renowned classical novels in the history of Chi

20、nese literature since its publication. In this novel there are a lot of poems, songs and poetic prose which are the significant representatives of traditional Chinese culture. They contribute to portraying the characters vividly while at the same time pushing the novel to the zenith of its artistic

21、value. As is the case in Zanghua Yin, it is altogether 52 lines, 361 words. The poem has been valued for it is the representative of Lin Daiyus grief over her misfortunate life. The novels author Cao Xueqin also utilizes this poem to create the image of the heroine and display her characteristics.Ac

22、cording to Systemic-Functional Grammar, founded by prestigious functionalist M.A.K. Halliday, language serves as three meta-functions: ideational, interpersonal and textual function. J.R.Martin, based on Systemic-Functional Grammar, has created Appraisal Theory which is universally regarded as a str

23、iking and excellent theory in discourse analysis and attached great importance to the appraisal meaning of language. Zanghua Yin, featuring highly literary reputation, has been studied by scholars of various disciplines from different angles. However, it is rarely found on the comparison of differen

24、t English versions from the perspective of Appraisal Theory. Hence, the thesis aims at comparatively analyzing the distribution and realization of appraisal resources of the five English versions of ZangHua Yin from the strata of attitude, engagement and graduation. 1.2 The Purpose of the StudyThe t

25、hesis focuses on comparative analysis of five English versions of ZangHua Yin from the Appraisal perspective to describe and explain the existent translation phenomena in distinct English versions. Therefore, the significance of the thesis can be found in the following three aspects: (a) The thesis

26、provides the best version for ZangHua Yin from the Appraisal perspective. (b) The thesis can testify the possibility and feasibility of the Appraisal Theory in translation and explore its practical academic values. (c) The thesis expands the application scope of the Appraisal Theory in translation e

27、quivalence and translation quality from the Appraisal perspective. 1.3 MethodologyThis section attaches its importance to four aspects, which are the research questions that include different appraisal resources employed in realizing appraisal meanings and implications obtained from the study, data

28、collection that contains what is analyzed in Chapter 3, research methods that are applied in the elaboration and research procedures that in which way the thesis is organized and carried out. 1.3.1 Research QuestionsThree questions will be attempted to solve in this thesis.(a)How are Attitude meanin

29、gs, Engagement meanings and Graduation meanings distributed and realized in the source text?(b)How are Attitude meanings, Engagement meanings and Graduation meanings converted and construed in the target text?(c)Which one is the best version for ZangHua Yin?1.3.2 Data CollectionThe data collection p

30、lays an important role in a comparative study for the reason that it could have a direct impact on the validity and application of the research. Since it is difficult and impractical to collect and discuss all the English translations, the author just chooses five representative English versions of

31、ZangHua Yin translated by H.Bencraft Joly, Branwell Seaton Bonsall, David Hawkes, Yang Hsien-Yi & Gladys Yang and Xu Yuanchong. By comparatively analyzing the above five English versions, the author attempts to describe and elaborate the similarities and differences in the process of constructin

32、g appraisal meanings between ST and TTs as well as discussing the possible causes accounting for the differences.The following table will provide general information about the sources of data:Author/translatorTitle of bookPublishing housePublishing year曹雪芹红楼梦Peoples Literature Publishing House2008H.

33、Bencraft JolyThe Dream of the Red ChamberTUTTLE PUB2010Branwell Seaton BonsallRed Chamber Dreamhttp:/lib,hku.hk/bonsall/hongloumeng/27.pdf2004David HawkesThe Story of the StonePenguin Classics1974Yang Hsien-Yi & Gladys YangA Dream of Red MansionsForeign Languages Press2001Xu YuanchongGolden 

34、;Treasuryof YUAN,MING & QING PoetryPeking University Press.1997Table 1.3 Sources of data1.3.3 Research MethodQuantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis are utilized in the thesis to study the construction of appraisal meanings from Appraisal perspect

35、ive. Qualitative approach is employed to interpret what linguistic strata, like attitude, engagement and graduation source, will be constructed in the contribution to the appraisal meanings. Quantitative approach is adopted to make a statistical measurement on the distribution of the appraisal meani

36、ngs and explore which is the relatively better version in translation equivalence and translation quality from the Appraisal perspective. In one word, the author employs the descriptive approach and the interpretive approach, together with the methods of comparison, analysis and case study to suppor

37、t his arguments.1.3.4 Research ProceduresBased on the above research questions and research methods, the thesis will be carried out in the following steps.First, the general background information of ST and TTs, including those about the author, the five translators and the socio-cultural environmen

38、t they are involved in as well as the influence of the related books, will be introduced.Secondly, the distributions and realization of the appraisal resources in ST and TTs will be identified according to the three strata of attitude, engagement and graduation and their respective sub-types in Appr

39、aisal Theory with an aim to get a general and clear picture of appraisal resources in different texts.Thirdly, a detailed and comparative analysis of ZangHua Yin and its five English versions will be carried out from the appraisal perspective. The author will give detailed examples with related expl

40、anation to see in what way and to what degree the appraisal meanings are constructed and what influences the different English versions have on the appraisal meanings of the text.Finally, profound discussions and analysis will be carried out on the following issues. What are the reasons accounting f

41、or the different translation and adaptation of appraisal meanings in ST and TTs; Which is the best version for ZangHua Yin in translation equivalence and translation quality from the Appraisal perspective; What are the implications and prospects for expanding the application scope of Appraisal Theor

42、y to translation studies and other research areas.2 Literature Review2.1 About ZangHua Yin and its TranslationZangHua Yin, the masterpiece of all the poems included in HongLou Meng, is recited by Lin Daiyu in chapter 27 entitled “Beauty Perspiring sports with butterflies by the Raindrop Pavilion; An

43、d Beauty Suspiring weeps for fallen blossoms by the Flowers Grave”(David Hawks version). The whole poem can be divided into three parts. The first part is about the poets melancholy over spring. The second part describes the poets distress and bitterness triggered by the fallen flowers while in the

44、last part the poet compares herself with the fallen flowers and composes an elegy for her tragic and misfortunate life. .2.2 Previous Studies on ZangHua Yin and Its Translation2.2.1 Lexicology ApproachGuo Jingping(2010) studies on “Lian Zi” of seven English versions in Zang Huayin. She finds that th

45、e seven translators properly employ the method of “Lian Zi” from five aspects, including the use of English formation, poetic words, hyponyms, collocations as well as the combinations of both literal and emotional meaning of words, to retain the beauty and style of the original poem.2.2.2 Discourse

46、ApproachZhang Junping(2005) explores the different techniques that translators use in transferring the point of view from ST to TT in ZangHua Yin and their possible influences on the readers of TT as well as the underlying factors which affect the translators choice of viewpoint.2.2.3 Comparative St

47、udy of Different VersionsGuo Jingping(2010) comparatively analyzes the seven English versions of ZangHua Yin from “Three kinds of beauty” including image beauty, musical beauty and formal beauty. The author sums up that by careful choice of words, rhyme and enjambment, the three kinds of beauty are

48、reserved respectively.2.3 SummaryThis chapter mainly reviews the previous studies of Zanghua Yin and its five translations from lexicography approach, discourse approach, comparison approach. From the above, the author can easily find that although numerous scholars research on the translation of Za

49、nghua Yin, there exist few researches who explore on Zanghua Yin and its different English versions from the perspective of Appraisal Theory. Hence, the thesis will focus on comparative analysis of Zanghua Yin and its five English versions from the Appraisal Perspective.3 Theoretical Foundation3.1 D

50、evelopment of Appraisal TheoryAppraisal Theory, proposed and developed by J. R. Martin and his colleagues, is an extension of the study of interpersonal meaning under the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The term Appraisal, as proposed by Martin(200la)，is employed as an overall term to

51、covering all evaluative uses of language. According to Martin & Rose(2007), Appraisal Theory puts great emphasis on evaluation: the kinds of attitudes that are expressed and negotiated in a text, the strength of the feelings involved and the ways values are sourced and readers aligned, aiming at

52、 establishing a set of systems of evaluative resources to construe the interpersonal meaning in discourses.3.2 Previous Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory3.2.1 Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory AbroadWhile Martin first puts forward the whole Appraisal Theory in Beyond Exchange: Ap

53、praisal System in English, White (1998) is the first to apply Appraisal theory into discourse analysis in his doctoral dissertation focusing on the media text in news and magazines. Martin &White(2001) also co-compose the book The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English which marks the matu

54、rity of the development of appraisal theory. 3.2.2 Studies and Application of Appraisal Theory at HomeApart from the above-mentioned foreign researchers, considerable domestic scholars attentions have been drawn on Appraisal Theory in recent ten years. Wang Zhenhua(2001) firstly briefs on the backgr

55、ound, framework and operation mechanism of Appraisal Theory and prospects on the future application of the theory as well as pointing out the imperfection of this theory to domestic scholars. He (2004) also applies the subsystems of attitude to the analysis of hard news and fingres out that the Judg

56、ment resources are much more frequently employed than the affect and appreciation resources in hard news. On the contrary, Liu Shizhu(2007) tries to answer the questions proposed by Wang Zhenhua(2001), for instance, how to tackle with clause in Appraisal Theory. 3.3 AttitudeAppraisal is one of three

57、 major discourse semantic resources construing interpersonal meaning (alongside involvement and negotiation). According to Martin & White(2008)，Attitude is concerned with our feelings, including emotional reactions, judgements of behavior and evaluation of things. It itself regionalized as three

58、 interacting domains-Affect，Judgment and Appreciation. The system of Attitude involves three semantic regions which are traditionally referred to as emotion, ethics and aesthetic respectively. These three semantics regions correspond to the three sub-types of Attitude: Affect, Judgment and Appreciation.3.4 EngagementEngagement refers to the Attitudinal Engagement in linguistics. According to Martin & Whi