对外汉语-了的位置及用法

1、- - 了 for completd atio sexrisesother term nlogy: scual pari e 了1. henshou i use it ？we yu wntoexpress hta acton i compl ed.normlly 了 shoube laced aterminvebs o a the osentnces.t 他he m?i le 买 了buy lesn zhng pi o三张票three zhang ticketshhaot 3 tckets.t b?ji? n l i le - - 她she 把 酒拿 来了ba wine take (towar

2、ds) leshehas bouht the wine2. when should pae the 了 a he fa setence, and hn s uld pacetatertheman veb ofa sentnce?1. ifthe objet of a sennis a imple one i.e. a ou, which is notattched to aumberad maureord,andot ataced toadsritve cause (的 cluse), 了 can be laed at teed fteennce in tias the artice 了 ha

3、s ma functios: it my indicate the cmpleted action, a chane f sitto,imy als ndicat imminetaction.svo. ew?mnh n le我 们吃 饭了e emeal l we hve eaten. copleted acton- - nwwe re eting. (e int t before.) cange of situationwe ae about to eat. (我 们 要 吃 饭 了.)3. i itncorr ct i i plac 了 afte the rbn a imp e-bject

4、sentenc ？no, it i ntincrr t, bu itsee sas if te s ene is note finishe. t y lookie the irst clause f the erb 了.就. stution or exame (ls see atern5),t cle f n. (ji n di ny?g）他 吃 了 饭 . (就 去 看 电 影)h at le mel. (jiu o see film ）fter hfnihthe me.（hell g osee a flm.）. can place 了 at te en fa entence at has

5、ac plex oect？o th ojof a setnci acomliaeone, i. t i precedd y a nuberwod andeasur wor, ora dsritve caue, 了 is laed aftertain b of the sentecesve nu. w. o- - h lli?g w? n 他 吃 了 两碗饭.h a e twols riee has atentwo bws orice. ere sould plac 了 if a sentechas a m meaur ?if ct n is attachedto timemasure (eg.

6、,duratin , length of time） o an actoneasure (e.g., an ties), 了 i pacedfte te main vehefollowi gthree aternativettenshae the same fear，that s， they hav 了 ater thema ves.s. v. le (am.) do（l)t 他hexule li?ng ni n de zhngwn (le)学了 两年的 中文(了*)study le two year de chinese (le) tud chinseor 2years.s. . v. e

7、m.(am.）(le)- - t xu zhngwn他学 中文xu le li?ng ni?n (le)学 了 两 年(了)o. s. v. le .(am.) (le）zhngwn t 中文他n ge diny?ng w?那个 电 影我xu le li?ng ni?n (le)学 了 两 年(了)k n le li?ng bi n (le)看 了 两 遍(了*)i hvewatched tha ilm twi e.?n sh? n n q she w?n sh dni n de l?o p ngyole 那是五 年前 的 事了我们是 多年的 老朋 友了.tt is ive year ago

8、de mattr le e are many yea s dold frie d lethtincihappeed5 ersgo eave eeold fred for mayyea.6 time m auplae after 了 in ngatvesntence?- - no, negatve snnes f his kid no lly a diffrent word rder. the me-mas e uldbe ebefrethe ngtion 没.or i ance， ifyou wnt to ay：i hentetnchinee food or ges shoud e in he

9、 folowng worode:s. tm neg. v. o le w?我i h?o ji?好 久long time m i没not chzhnggu c i le吃中 国菜了eat chinese food leiavent eechinsfofor long te.7. do hae oputhtim -measures before 没 in al negaive sentees?no.i you anto dey an ffirmav statementwhichh a te-maue, tenthe time-meas r sould be plaed atr thmi verb.

10、 . ne. v. t. o? m n i nzhngw n, w? h? xule i?nni 我 没 学三 年中 文, 我 只学了 两 年.- - i n lea yar chine , i onlar le 2 year) i idnt learn hnse for 3 yeas,only did for ear8. do i have t ut 了 aftrevery verb in a s ntece, ftheetce has a sequnc ofaton?if a sequeeof aions inhe sentncare complete, 了 is usuayplaedaf

11、ter he lt er of thesnence.s. v.1 o1 v.2 l(t. ).2t 他heq zhnggu去 中 国go china xu le sni n j ngj 学了 四 年京 剧study le four year peking operahe wnt t hinat tekingoperr4earst 他heq zhnggu去 中 国go china m?ile c q 买了瓷器buy le chinahe weno hinad bught ome hina.- - ifo lea 了 at theend seteces, it normaly ndicates a

12、change of e siution. le omare tolowingt senene:1. (opedactio）t q zhnggu ule zh ng 他去中 国学了中文. hego china study le inese he went to chiantudiedchinse.2.(chnge of sitain) t q zngguuzhngw e 他去中国学 中 文了. go chinstudy ch s le hhagntochinat tyhne. (hes not here)9.d l ys hae to lc 了 after helast ver of snnce

13、 hen decrbinga se ence ofacton?no. hre is aotherse ec pttern, wichidiate sequee of atons, t th firt seqence - - n th setece is conditona. n this sentne pattern 了 spacedtr t firs rbhcisin the onditona laue, an the dveb 就 islcedbefre econd verb of th snece.ti in f co trucion hasasensef urecy， which mh

14、at hectionnthe 就 cluse takes p ac immediaey a er te completionof the fst actin.s. . lo.1 ji v.2 o.2t d o e znggu ji zh?o n u.他 到了 中 国 就 找朋 友 .he arrie e china jiu oko frindhlllooforfrienimmtely aeharives inchin.as you can se, hasentenc describesth acton i ftur, bt if you pla e a ot r 了 a the dof e e

15、ntence， hen it meantht ot atio ae an la .1. d i al ay ave touse 了 nicate a compl tedaction?no， notal ys. f t ofall，t ric 了 or omled acio is used in at esentenc. insead 没 oud be pcedbeforthe in verbof he sentenc - - sei . o.t m i ch f n.他 没吃 饭.he not ea mele idnt eat emeal.11. apar fro the eaton，r he

16、re an cicumtancs inwic 了 is nt ed？n th folowng situtionsthe particle 了 or mpleted ction is not ued1.了 is ntusefo rolongdnd rgulact ns in thepastn otherwors，f t sntnce containswodssc as 每天,年年 ,常常 . he partcle 了 fr h c ltdactionis not sd.w? i n zi hnggu jish我以 前在 中 国教 书.i inthe pas i china tei taught

17、in cha n the pas- - q ni n w? ch gch gn?n p ny q n di ny?n去年我 常常跟我 女 朋 友去 看 电 影.last year often with m grlfiend g see ilslas ear ioten ntto s ls with y gilfrind2. 了 is no u dnsente es which he modlerbs such s 应该 ， 得(i）, 可以 ， 能, 会, 要， 想, oor verbs whic idicat fe ings sc as 爱,喜欢, 觉得, 知道, 愿意, 肯.ti n n?

18、 nggi q n t 昨天你 应该去 看他eserdy you sol g e himyo oldve gontse i esterdayh ni n y?q n t h?nx?ihn ch f?guc i十年 以前她很喜 欢 吃 法国菜nyeaa s e ry lke eatfrench foodteyears ago she lik aingfreh fod very mch.- - 3. 了 is not usd when 是, 在， 有* ae theain vrbf ente essh nx q t z i ?j ng上星期 他 在北 京.lat wee was （n) bjing

19、heas ibeing lat wek.y?qi n y?u ?n u qin以前他有很多钱.befe had very muh onein hpashhad a lot of money.if 有 （toposse） i useas the man rb of a s tenc, 了（or compl e atio) is no used. hoever, 了 can beued if he ojet f a stence isan absract onewhcha an impli ation of tion，such as “evel et ”, “improvment” 他的学习有了很

20、大的进步 hes imprved geatly in hisstudes- - 4. 了 is t usefor dreta ndict eechs.dirseech uti wn ?：n? y zh gu ma昨天他问我：你 要去 中 国吗?ysterday he sk me：youwat gochna ma? yesterdahasedme:dyu like togo o na?indirech zu tn w w?: o q zh gu a昨 天他 问 我要去 中国 吗eserday he ak mwant go hina maestrayheasked me if i wd like

21、too to china.ayuanse, inhe tuations whn te complted a io 了 i not used， time-wodsare used indicate th actios hapened i the past2. s it tr e hatif i use tie-wod i do haveto us 了？no. ti e-w ds ae needed when t oplte action 了 cnnot beue. but time-words have no ffect - - n 了 wh t complee acio 了 sapplical

22、e.zuti n ? q ?ile li?ng ?n sh 昨 天我 去买了 两本书.tes ay be o bn bookyestedy iwent ad bouhttwo boksyant s :z t w? q m? li?ng?n sh 昨 天我 去买 两本 书h e senenceunds uncompledt lstnr wudee moreand woud ask, nd then wht?1 aethereny contructi ns hat cnntakn aspectul partic 了?the comp tedaction 了 oappliable t the oow

23、ing c strctions. thev+ 得 cnst cion(h complmet f egree)- - zuti n f n z deh?bu昨 天他 饭作得 很不 错este ay h mealc de er nbadyest eookdmeal verwell.2. desrption+的 (t verbs inhe ecript e laused t take 了， a thare otthe maverbofse nces.)zu i n w? m? de n?n sh h?ny?u s昨天我 买 的 那本 书很有 意思.estera i buy dthat ben b o

24、ry inte esingthbokwhich iouht estrdy s veyintersing.1 do i alway haveto nsder the f 了 whe i see apt tese i an eglish seence?o，not alwy. remember:the 了 n tietionisfor cmpleedcios,ich is d fer t m the past tense hersanthr examloa past tense englishsenene whicdoenot - - sehe completedcion 了：q ni w? f i

25、ch ng m.去年我 非 常忙 lasar i vry syls er iwasvry busyte wrd bsy acts as a st tive e hic does notta he paticle 了 fcomle a inexerci es yan sub tyour wor nine h reclick for a wersa. pl ce 了i the rig ti te following se enc , ndgv your reaso i 了 i ntneeded.1. 昨天我去 _大使馆办 _签证_.- - 2. 我已经请 _小王看 _两次电影，可是他还是那么不客气_. 真气人_!3. 上星期我去 _北京看 _朋友_. 去年我常常在 _路口的那家书店看 _书.从来没有人管 _我_.5. 前天晚上我在 _你那儿吃 _饭的时候 ，我听见 _她拉_小提琴拉 _得真好听_.6. 十年前我在 _中国住 _ 我研究 _计算机研究 _四年_.8. 那本书我已经看 _三次_. tra slatethe folowing entenes int chi se- - .yeste