专八翻译汉译英常用技巧教材

1、Contents 二、句子翻译二、句子翻译 1. 确定主干确定主干 2. 语序调整语序调整 3. 正反转换正反转换 4. 语态对译语态对译 5. 长句的翻译长句的翻译 一、词的翻译一、词的翻译 1. 词义选择词义选择 2. 词类转换词类转换 3. 词的增补词的增补 4. 词的省略词的省略 5. 词的替代词的替代一、词的翻译一、词的翻译 1. 词义选择词义选择 1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸横行霸道道。 Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting

2、 parents. 横行霸道横行霸道: 为所欲为，想干什么就干什么为所欲为，想干什么就干什么 Get everything my own way Get all things my own way Be bully 2）钓鱼可分为钓鱼可分为三个阶段三个阶段。 There are three states for fishing. “三个阶段三个阶段” 在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因此不译为此不译为 three stages。 3）他是个）他是个墙头草墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。，谁硬就跟谁。 He always sits on the fence and falls on the

3、 side of the stronger. 2. 词类转换词类转换 1）吃头两个主菜时，也是）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口赞不绝口。 You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. 2）这样，每个地方都）这样，每个地方都有有自己的传说，风俗自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。也就衍传了下来。 Thus, every place, with its own legends and folktales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generatio

4、n to generation. 3）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地地依赖依赖着。着。 Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature. 4）大自然对人的）大自然对人的恩赐恩赐，无论贫富，一律，无论贫富，一律平平等等。 People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature. 3. 词的增补词的增补 1）有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好）有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。环境便

5、会给人好心情。 A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. 2）黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。）黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。 The weasel goes to pay respects to the hennot with the best of intentions. 4. 词的省略词的省略 1）种植庄稼和葡萄，）种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花挤奶，锄草和栽花 Planting crops a

6、nd grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding the garden and planting flowers 2）用点）用点画成画成线，用线线，用线画成画成平面，用平面平面，用平面画画成成立体。立体。 With points you can make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids. 3）于是）于是转转怒为喜，怒为喜，转转赞美为责备挑剔，赞美为责备挑剔，转转首肯为摇头。首肯为摇头。 Then happiness turns to a

7、nger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking. 5. 词的替代词的替代 1）狡猾的人轻视学问；愚昧的人羡慕学问；）狡猾的人轻视学问；愚昧的人羡慕学问；聪明的人利用学问。聪明的人利用学问。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them. 2）自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其）自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是政治是封建的政治封建的政治，其经济是，其经济是封建的经济封建的经济。 From

8、 the Zhou and Qin Dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economy. 3）得罪了你就）得罪了你就得罪了你得罪了你。 If you were offended, so be it.二、句子翻译二、句子翻译 1. 确定主干确定主干 汉语句子的主干：主语谓语汉语句子的主干：主语谓语 1.1 确定主语确定主语 1）这个地区雨水较多。）这个地区雨水较多。 A: It rains a lot in this area. B: This area sees/witnesses mu

9、ch rain. C: There is much rain in this area. D: There are plenty of rainfalls in 2）信不信是你自己的事。）信不信是你自己的事。 It is your concern/business whether you believe me or not. 3）最好是等他们回来。）最好是等他们回来。 It may be advisable to wait till they come back. Wed better wait till they come back. Youd better 4）勤能补拙。）勤能补拙。 It

10、 is diligence that makes for deficiency. 1.2 确定谓语确定谓语 1）在人际关系上我们不要）在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义太浪漫主义。 We shouldnt be too romantic about human relationships. 2）当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学）当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。掉。 As long as they are alive, they always work and study as hard as possible, unw

11、illing to dream their life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives. 2. 语序调整语序调整 1）钓鱼是一项）钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情能够陶冶性情的运动，的运动，有益于身心健康。有益于身心健康。 Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health. 2）我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥）我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园

12、中大千世界，一片喧闹。见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。 Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden. Hustle and bustle 喧闹；喧嚣喧闹；喧嚣 3）一霎时，一阵被人）一霎时，一阵被人摒弃摒弃，为世，为世所遗忘所遗忘的的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。 In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorro

13、wful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out. 3. 正反转换正反转换 1）他）他光着脚光着脚进了屋子。进了屋子。 He entered the room with no shoes on. 2）那个房间的窗户总是）那个房间的窗户总是关着关着。 The windows of that room were never open. 3）学习外语离不开好的词典。）学习外语离不开好的词典。 A good dictionary is i

14、ndispensable for learning a foreign language. 4）她忍住了没有笑出声。）她忍住了没有笑出声。 She refrained from laughing. 5）我）我不能不能忍受你的脾气。忍受你的脾气。 Your temper is more than I can bear. 我突然想到了一个好主意。我突然想到了一个好主意。 Suddenly I came up with a good idea. I hit upon a good idea. A good idea occurred to me. A good idea struck me. 4.

15、语态对译语态对译 1）考试后三日出榜。）考试后三日出榜。 The list of successful examinees will be published three days after the exam. 2）无可否认无可否认，他是对的。，他是对的。 It cannot be denied that he is right.5. 长句的翻译长句的翻译 汉语：分析性为主，句子结构较松散。汉语：分析性为主，句子结构较松散。 英语：综合性为主，句子结构比较严谨。英语：综合性为主，句子结构比较严谨。 常见汉译英技巧：常见汉译英技巧： 1）原序对译（顺译法）原序对译（顺译法） 2）分句合译）分句

16、合译 3）断句分译）断句分译 （1）一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，）一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。 Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. （2）他们其中有一半是近）他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最

17、大的中国人聚居地。 Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering/making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit. （3）一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有）一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？什么标准可以衡量吗？ 误译误译1：Is there a criteria to measure how meaningful ones life is. 误译误译2：

18、 Are there any criterion to measure the meaning of ones life? 误译误译3： Are there any standard to measure the significance of ones life? Ref: What is the significance of life? Is there any criterion for its measurement? （4）一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父）一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。 译文译文1：On a spring evening in the garden, flowers bloomed merrily, parents arranged a dinner, guests came together and bursts of laughter soared above. 译文译文2：One spring evening, m