被动语态详解学习教案

1、会计学1被动语态详解被动语态详解(xin ji)第一页，共18页。过去过去(guq)(guq)进行时：进行时：was / were + was / were + being + givenbeing + given过去过去(guq)(guq)将来时：将来时： should / should / would +be+ givenwould +be+ given将来完成时：将来完成时：shall / will + have shall / will + have been + givenbeen + given过去过去(guq)(guq)将来完成时：将来完成时：should / would sho

2、uld / would + have been + given+ have been + given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去(guq)(guq)将来将来进行时。进行时。第1页/共18页第二页，共18页。 His lessons were not easily forgotten. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 第2页/共18页第三页，共18页。3. 一般将来一般将来(jingli)时：时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad b

3、y sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来过去将来(jingli)时：时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they wo

4、uld mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 第3页/共18页第四页，共18页。5. 现在现在(xinzi)进行时：进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6

5、. 过去进行时：过去进行时： Why didnt they drive there on time? Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在现在(xinzi)完成时：完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put

6、 off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. 第4页/共18页第五页，共18页。8. 过去完成时：过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold ou

7、t. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态含有情态(qngti)动词的被动语态：动词的被动语态： 含有情态含有情态(qngti)动词的被动语态是由动词的被动语态是由“情态情态(qngti)动词动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。构成。 You must hand in your compositi

8、ons after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 第5页/共18页第六页，共18页。 These cars were made in China. These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year

9、 in the 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. new factory. 第6页/共18页第七页，共18页。（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语主语 谓语谓语(wiy) 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语主语 谓语谓语(wiy) 宾语宾语（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special

10、class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 第7页/共18页第八页，共18页。 A present was given A present was given toto me yesterday. me yesterday. 第8页/共18页第九页，共18页。第9页/共18页第十页，共18页。3. 由动词由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成(kn chn)一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉

11、。这类动词有： 不及物动词不及物动词+ 介词，如介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. 及物动词及物动词+ 副词：如：副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, poin

12、t out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 第10页/共18页第十一页，共18页。4. 带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+ 宾补宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We

13、always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作

14、主语补足语不存在省略，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题的问题(wnt)。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people cal

15、led them love apples. 误：误：Love apples were called them. 正：正：They were called love apples. 第11页/共18页第十二页，共18页。5. 还有一种短语动词由动词还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词名词+ 介词介词(jic)构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下：构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下： 1) We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book. 2) You must p

16、ay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。等。 6. 当主动句的主语是当主动句的

17、主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误：误：The question can be answered by nobody. 正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody. 第12页/共18页第十三页，共18页。7. 当否定句中的宾语是当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybo

18、dy, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词作主语，并将谓语动词(dngc)变为肯定的被动语态。如：变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误：误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean. 8. 以以who为主语开头为主语开头(ki

19、tu)的疑问句，变被动时，用的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：放在句首： Who wrote the story? 误：误：Who was the story written? 正：正：By whom was the story written? 第13页/共18页第十四页，共18页。9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：用被动语态，常见

20、的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字这支笔写字(xi z)很流畅。很流畅。 对比：对比： The books sell well. (主动句主动句) The books were sold out. (被动句被动句) The meat didnt cook well. (主动句主动句) The meat was

21、 cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句被动句)第14页/共18页第十五页，共18页。第15页/共18页第十六页，共18页。第三，一些第三，一些(yxi)不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital buildi

22、ng. 第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：误：Myself was taught English. W