上海版牛津英语8BUnit4知识点总结

1、A New Newspaper知识点梳理：I 词组1soon after不久之后2publish a newspaper出版一份报纸3hold a meeting举行会议4write a report about sth. for sb.就某事写一篇报告给某人5after school放学后6at the next meeting在下一次会议上7decide to do决定做某事8elect sb. to be sth.选某人做9the chief editor主编10vote for sb.投票给某人11take charge of负责12ought (not) to = should (n

2、ot)应该13ask for suggestions征求建议14class / school newspaper班/校报15the Reading Club读书俱乐部16take notes做记录，做笔记17different sections of the newspaper报纸的不同栏目18talk sth. over with sb. = discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事19make a list of sth.列出的清单20be free to sb.对某人是免费的21pay sb. money for sth.为付给某人钱22have different i

3、deas意见各异23a bit longer(时间 )久一点24make a decision about sth.做决定25agree to do同意做某事26agree with sb.同意某人27agree on sth.在上达成一致28conclude the meeting结束会议29in one week s time = in a week一个星期后II. 词性转换1. consider (v.) 考虑(in)considerate (a.) (不)体谅人的2.publish (v.) 出版publishing (n.) 出版publisher (n.) 出版者 (社)3.edi

4、t (v.) 编辑editor (n.) 编辑4. choice (n.) 入选者choose chose chosen (v.) 选择5.vote (v.) 投票voter (n.) 投票人6.elect (v.) 选举elector (n.) 选举人election (n.) 选举7.suggest (v.) 提议suggestion (n.) 建议8. experience (n.) 经验experienced (a.) 有经验的9.brief (a.) 简短的briefly ( ad.) 简短地10.decide (v.) 决定decision (n.) 决定11.conclude (

5、v.) 结束conclusion (n.) 结论12.responsible (a.) 有责任的responsibility (n.) 责任13.(dis)agree (v.) (不)同意(dis)agreement (n.) (不)同意14.read (v.) 阅读reader (n.) 读者III. 语言点1. Soon after the term started, some Grade Eight students at Mayfield School wanted to publish a newspaper.soon after 意为“不久之后，稍后”。即可作副词短语，用作时间状语

6、；也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句。2. They held a meeting.句中的 hold 作动词，意为“举行”。此处hold可用have 代替。3. We elected Joyce to be the chief editor.elect 此处意为“选举，推选”。elect sb. to be意为“选举某人担任（职务）”也可表示为 : elect sb. as4. Tony suggested that we should choose Joyce, because she has experience.句中 experience 作不可数名词，意为“经验”。当作不可数名词时，意为“

7、经历”。have experience可意为 be experienced。5. Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.句中的 charge 为名词，意为“任务，责任”。常见的搭配有： take charge of 和 in chargeof 。此处 take charge of与 be in charge of 与 be responsible for 可替换。6. She said that we ought to elect a secretary next.ought to 是个助动词，意为“应该”，与should 同意。7. She asked

8、for suggestions.ask sb. for意为.“向某人寻求”suggestion 意为“建议”，为可数名词；与advice 的不同之处在于， advice 为不可数名词。8. Joyce told them to talk it over among themselves.句中 talk sth. over 是“详细讨论”的意思，也可用“discuss sth.”来表示。9. Should it be free to readers, or should they pay for it?free 意为“免费的”， be free to sb.意为“对免费”pay for 意为“付

9、款”。【比较】 spend, cost, take, pay(1)spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth.(sb.) spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.(2)take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语it 或物。句式是：It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time.(3) pay 为 “付款、赔偿 ”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth

10、或 pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：(4) cost 的主语必须是某物。常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。10. We all had different ideas, and so Joyce said that we should think about this a bit longer.have different ideas 意为“意见各异”。a bit 意为“一点”。 1）a bit 不能直接修饰名词，须用a bit of 。2）a bit 可修饰形容词及形容词副词的比较级，作程度状语。11. We agreed to co

11、nclude the meeting then. agree to do something意为“同意做某事”；agree with 意为“同意，赞成”，后接表示人或意见观点的词；agree on/upon/about意为“在某方面达成一致意见”。IV. 语法情态动词一、主要特征。情态动词后的动词都用原形。构成疑问句， 通常把情态动词放在主语前；构成否定句， not 放在情态动词之后，其缩写形式为cant, mustn t, needn t, shouldn等。t二、主要用法。1. 用 can, could 和 be able to 表示能力。(1) can 意为“能够”，否定形式为 cann

12、ot 或 cant。如： He can speak five foreign languages.(2) could 是 can 的过去式。因此，对于过去的时间（如yesterday, last week等），我们不用 can 或 cant，而用 could 和 couldn t。如： When I was young, I could run very fast.(3) be able to 一般可以代替 can，也可以表示能力。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时 (could）,而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式。如： My little brother has been a

13、ble to write.2. 用 must 与 mustn t, have to与 don t have to, needn表示t义务。(1) must 用以表示“必须做某事”或“一定要做某事”，具有强制性，表示一定的责任或义务。如： The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.(2) mustn 是tmust 的否定形式，表示“禁止；绝不允许”，具有强制性。如： You mustntplay football in the street.(3) must 没有过去时，要表达过去的含义，我们可使用had to 代替 must。此外， have

14、to 侧重这种“义务”或“责任”源于某种客观情况或规定，并非说话者本人能够控制。如： We missed the last bus, so wehad to walk home.(4) don t have与toneedn t是“不必”的意思，没有强制性。两者意思相近，但在使用时，前者有人称、时态的变化；后者没有人称变化，而且一般表示现在时间的含义。如： It has just rained, so he doesn t have waterto the garde(n.)You needntswim in the sea. We have a swimming pool in our hot

15、el.(5) must 用于一般疑问句中，其肯定和否定回答应引起注意。如： Must we go now?我们一定要走吗？- Yes, we must.是的，我们一定要走。- No, we mustnt.不，我们不可以走。Must I finish the work this week?我一定要在这星期完成这项工作吗？- Yes, you must.- No, you neednt.是的，你一定要完成。不，你不一定要完成。从以上例子中可以看出， 用 must 提问的一般疑问句，否定回答并不一定是mustnt。根据实际含义和情况，我们需要正确选用mustnt或 neednt来回答。3. 用 ca

16、n, could 与 may 表示“许可”。(1) 在请求对方的许可， 或是准许你做某事时， 常用情态动词 can, could 和 may。can最为常用； could 较为婉转，更有礼貌； may 则比较正式。如： Can I open the window?- Yes, you ca(n.) / No, you can t.Could I borrow a pencil, please?-Yes, certainly. / No, I m afraid not.May I leave early today?- Yes, you may. / No, you may not.(2) 表示

17、给予许可时，通常用 can 或 may，而不用 could。如： Could I borrow a pencil?- Of course you ca(n.)May I sit here?- No, you may not.4. 用 can, could 与 would 表示“请求”。当我们需要别人的帮助时，常使用can, could 和 would这三个情态动词进行提问，但在回答时， could 和 would 则很少使用。如： Can you open the window?- Yes, I ca(n.)Could you pass me the salt, please?- Yes, certainly.Would you help me carry my suitcase?-No, I m afraid not.常见的肯定回答：Of course I ca(n.) / OK. / All right.常见的否定回答：I m afraid I can t / Of course not.5. 用 must 和 cant表示“猜测”。(1) must 表示说话者对某事的发生或情况很有把握，意为“肯定；一定”。如： Her flat is very near Xujiahui. It must be very noisy.(2) ca