九年级英语Unit13知识点

1、精品文档九年级英语Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!知识点YesterdayI finishedmy homework, that s to say,I have finishedmy homework1. 现在进行时now.定义：表示说话时 （瞬间）正在进行的动作， 也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构 : 肯定句 : 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing 否定句 : 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing 疑问句 : Am/Is/Are +主语 + V-ing用法： 1）表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。

2、 Look! The big bird is flying away. He is watching a movie now.2）表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。1) 2) 常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词,如： now, rightnow, at the (very) moment,for the time being, at present, these days及 Look! Listen! .3）与 always, constant

3、ly, forever, all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备 ”或 “表扬 ”之意 You are always changing your mind.你总是主意不定。( 太烦人了 ) He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。( 他真是个好人 )4）对于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。 He is leaving on Wednesday. Mary isn there at the momen

4、t. She is coming later.2. used to do过去常常做某事见第四单元及use 用法be/get used to doing习惯于做某事be used to do=be used for doing被用来做某事过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 I have lived here since 1990.现在完成时的构成have/has+ 过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Y

5、es ,he has.No, he hasnt.特殊疑问句What has he done?在下列情形下用现在完成时1 九词语 already已经肯定句中或句尾I have already found my pen. = I have foundmy pen already. yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet? ever 曾经句中 Have you ever seen pandas? never 从不句中 I have never been to Beijing. jus

6、t刚刚句中I have just done my work. before 以前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前为止So far he has learned 200 words. how long 多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?3. 被动语态 见第五单元2 两词组注意：接双宾语的词的被动语态；make /let/have sb do 的被动语态； see/ hearhave<has&

7、gt;gone to去了某地例： He has gone to Beijing( 去了北京，没回 )/notice /find /observe/notice sb do的被动语态； It shave<has>been to去过某地例： He has been to Beijing.( 去过北京，回了 )said/reported/believed/supposed/well-known that；及无被动语态的三种情况3 两结构（感官动词、不及物动词、 sell/write等）for two monthsfor + 一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 mo

8、nths.4. 现在完成时 :since last year since +过去时间点 Lucy has been in Beijingsince 3 years ago.用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果since 3 years ago。1欢迎下载since 1990since he came here since + 过去时态句子 He has been in China since he came here.4 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经 ”，往往用现在完成时态。Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借

9、的那本书吗？5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last/past few years.This is the best book I have ever read.It is the first time I have played the computer games.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例： He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用 ,改正的办法有：He has bought the boo

10、k.( 去掉一段时间 for 3 years)He bought the book 3 years ago( 改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)It s/It has been 3 years since he bought the book.= 3 years has passed sincehe bought the book.（改为固定句型It is/It has been-since-）He has had the book for 3 years.（用延续性动词have 代替 buy）另外 come/arrive/getto/reach be hereI have come here

11、for 3 years. （错）改为： I have been here for 3 years. leave/go be away He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为： He has been away for 3 hours. begin/start be onThe film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为： The film has been on for 3 minutes. open be open / close be closedThe shop has opened for 3 years.(错 )改为： The shop

12、has been open for 3 years. die be deadHis father has died for 3 years.(错 )精品文档改为： His father has been dead for 3 years. finish/end be overHe has finished the work for 3 days.(错 )改为： The work has been over for 3 days joinI have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为： I have been in the army for 3 years.或

13、I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch haveI have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为： I have had the bike for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为： He has had a cold for 3 days. borrow keepI have borrowed the book for 3 years.（错）改为： I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be

14、brokenget up be upmarry be marriedbecome belose be lost5. 情态动词1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有： can (could),may (might),must, need,shall (should), will (would)等。2)情态动词无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。 否定式是在情态动词后面加not 。个别情态动词有过去式形式,也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。1.can 和 could 的用法(1)can/could表示 “能力；许可；可能性”等。

15、 could为 can的过去式。如： Can Iuse your bike?(2)can用在疑问句中，表示征求意见、请求许可，答语仍用can; could用在疑问句中，比can 更委婉、客气，是一种礼貌的说法，并不表示过去时态，答语用can，而不能用could 。 如： Could you tell me the way to the zoo?Sorry.I can't. I'm new here。2欢迎下载精品文档 注意 can 和 could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态，将来时中用be able to 。另外， can't可表示否定推测。如：That _ be M

16、r Wang. He has gone toBeijing。2.may 和 might 的用法may/might意为 “可以 ”，表示同意、许可或请求对方许可，也可表示祝愿。may 的否定形式为may not 。 might是 may 的过去式，有两种用法：一种表示过去式；一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气，或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答用mustn't,而不用 may not 。如： _ I use your pen?我可以用你用的钢笔吗？You may put on more clothes. May you be happy! Might I borr

17、ow some money now?He might be alive. 3.must 的用法must 意为 “必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustn't,表示 “不得 ”， “一定不要 ”。如：I _ finish my work today。 You mustn't drive after drinking。(1)must 与 have to 的区别： must 表示说话人的主观意愿； have to 表示客观需要。如：I must do my homework first。 It is raining h

18、ard outside; I _ stay athome。(2) 回答由 must 引导的疑问句的提问肯定回答： Yes, must. 如： Must I go home now? Yes, you must.否定回答： No， needn't./No， don't/doesn't have to. Must I go home now? No, you _ _. Yes, you must. No, you needn't.(2)need 还可作实义动词，常用于下列结构：人： need to do sth “需要做某事 ”。如 I need to learn

19、more.物： need doing“某物需要被做 ”=need to be done。如： My hair needs cutting. =My hair needs to be cut. need + 名词或代词。如： All living things need water.5.shall和 should 的用法shall用于第一人称的句子中，表示提建议或请求；should 用于各种人称的句子中，强调义务或责任，意为 “应该 ”。 如： _ we go out for a walk?You should study hard at school。should have done主要有两个

20、用法：用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：He should have arrived by now.用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：You should have toldme so before.6.will和 would 的用法will 用于第二人称疑问句时， 表示征求意见或提建议；would 为 will的过去式，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。如：Will you have a little soup?would have done主要有两个用法：表 “猜测过去 ”I guess the poetwould have been abouttwenty when she wrote he

21、r first poem.表 “过去本会发生，而实际并未发生”，没有责备之意。I would have written before but I have been ill.本来我是会写信的，但是由于我生病了。（用来说明某一情况，没有责备之意）7.have to(3)must表示对事物的推测，意为 “想必；一定 ”，只用于肯定句中；表“推测 ”时，have to的陈述句形式情态动词与动词原形， ( 常为 be 动词 ) 连用，如： The man must be our teacher。肯定式： have to +动词原形 I have to tidy my room.我得整理房间 .4.ne

22、ed的用法否定式： don't (doesn't) + have to +动词原形 You don't have to go if you(1)need表示 “需要， 必须 ”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 其否定形式为needn't ，don't want to.表示 “没有必要， 不必 ”；对由 need 构成的疑问句进行回答时， 其肯定回答用 must，have to的一般疑问句形式及简略答语否定回答用 needn't 。如have to的一般疑问形式必须借助助动词do 或 does ： Need we do some cleaning no

23、w?Do you have to look after your sister? Yes,I do./ No,I don't.。3欢迎下载精品文档have to的特殊疑问句形式What do you have to do on Sundays?have to可用于各种时态A、一般现在时：I have to visit Mr Wang.B、一般过去时：That night we had to walk home because there was no bus.C、一般将来时：We'll have to ask Zhang Ming instead.D、与 may 连用： I t

24、hink he may have to help his Dad in the garden.8.ought toought to的肯定式应当 ,应该You don't look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.ought to的否定式和疑问式ought to 的否定形式是 ought 后直接加 not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtn't。One ought not (oughtn't) to cross the street against the red light.ought to的疑问式是将 ought提到句首

25、构成。 Ought we to do it at once? Yes, you ought to.He ought to be here now, shouldn't (oughtn't) he?“ought to + have + done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做You ought to have told me that (but you didn't).这时 ought to和 should可以互换使用。三1.litter/rubbish/garbage/waste/trashgarbage 和 rubbish含义相同， garbage 美国英语，而rubbi

26、sh 英国英语。这两个词词义较为具体，指必须及时清除的剩余物，比如厨房里的垃圾，生活垃圾等等。litter指公共场所丢弃的小片/ 块垃圾，如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。waste 作名词用时可表 “废物 ”的总称。另： waste time in doing sth浪费时间做某事take out the trash倒垃圾2.at the bottom of在 .底部 /at the top of在 .顶部He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.3.advantage-disadvantage1).

27、 have/gain/get the (an) advantage over (of)优于，比 占有优势。如： You have the advantage over (of) me in experience.你经验比我丰富。有时用动词gain, get等。如：They gained an advantage over the enemy.他们比敌人占优势。2). take advantage of=make (full) use of(1) 利用 ( 机会、时机等 ) 。 They took advantage of the fine weather to playtennis.(2) 利

28、用 ( 某人的处境、弱点等 ) 。He always took full advantage of the mistakesmade by his rivals.(3) 欺骗 ( 某人 ) ，捉弄 ( 某人 ) ，占 ( 某人的 ) 便宜。 He has always been taking advantage of me.3). to sbsadvantage对某人有利。It will be to your advantage to study abroad.4. 四个花费句型人： spend 钱 / 时间 on sth.spend钱 / 时间 in doing sth.spent人： pa

29、y 钱 for sth.pay-paid-paid物： sth. cost sb.钱cost-cost-costIt takes sb.时间 to do sth.take-took-taken5.be harmful to=do harm to对 有害Smoking is harmful to the health.= Smoking does harm to your health 6. 参加辨析joinjoin in & take part inattend7.afford to do sth担负得起干某事 常与 can, could, be able to连用 He told m

30、e that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。8.turn短语turnin归还 You must turnin your equipment beforeyou leave the army.turnon 打开 couldyou turnon the light,please ？ turnoff关掉（煤气，水，电，收音机，电视机等）Dontforget to turn off the light when you leave. turnup 出现，到达开大音量He promised t

31、o come but hasntturned up yet.I can thear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit？ turn down。4欢迎下载精品文档关小 拒绝 (refuse)Can you turn theTV down? I m trying to get some sleep.He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. turnout (tobe) +adj./n.证明是，结果是 The experiment turned

32、 out to be a greatsuccess.turn/change into把 变成，译成 Turn the following sentencesintoChinese,please. turnto翻到，求助于 1)Please turn to page10.2)Thechildturnedto hismotherforcomfort.turn over 翻身，翻转 She turnedoverand went to sleep.9.throw away扔掉 , 丢弃 错过 ( 机会、优势或好处 )He threw away the old sofa.Don't throw

33、away this opportunity.10.workworkn. 工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂v. 工作He has much work to do.(U)The man gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.（做 “作品 ”讲，为可数名词，但常用复数）The glass works is/are near the station.玻璃厂在车站附近。（做 “工厂 ”讲，只用复数形式，但谓语动词单复均可）英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。manner 方式，方法manners礼貌，礼仪arm胳膊arms武器wate

34、r水waters海水，水域wood 木头woods 森林11.bring back归还； 使想起These books must be brought back within a weekYour article brought back sad memories for me.bringup：抚养长大 bringin ：引进 bringforward ：提出 bringabout ：带来，造成12.inspiration ninspire v激励13.try to do =try/do onesbest to do努力去做某事。try doing sth.尝试做某事Every student

35、 should try to study hard in order to study in a university.14.be related to与 有关I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。15. play a part in doing sth在 方面起作用A good diet plays a large part in helping people live longer.16.turn/change into( 使 ) 变成 Joan is turning into quite a skilled musician.译成 Ple

36、ase turn this into English.17. make a difference (to ) 表示 ( 对 ) 产生影响或作用The new teacheralways encourages little Tom. This has made a big difference to him.18. no longer意思是 “不再 ”有两个短语和 no longer同义，即 not any longer 和 not any more ，但他们侧重的方面不同。no longer 和 not any longer 侧重时间。e.g. He no longer lives here.

37、= He doesntlive here any longer.他不在这儿居住了。( 一个时间以前他住在这儿，过了这个时间，他就离开了。)not any more =no more侧重侧重程度和数量You can drink no more. = You cantdrink any more.你不能再喝了。 ( 喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。)19.not onlybut also“不仅 而且 ”;其中的 also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你，他也得离开。not

38、 only 放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。Not only did my aunt teach at school, but (also) she wrote articles fornewspapers.20.The number of.的数量，谓语用单三a number of. 大量的，谓语用原形当表示数值的高或低时，number 要用 high 或 low 修饰。当表达数量多，少large/smallIn that country,the number of children going to school ishigher incitiesthan in towns and vil

39、lage.在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。常与 number 搭配的动词有 grow, fall等。5欢迎下载精品文档The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently.近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。21.put sth. to good use好好利用22.build/make . out of用 建造 / 制造He built a model ship out of wood.他用木头造了个模型船。23.The top of the house is an old boat turne

40、d upside down.turned upside down 意为 “被翻转过来的； 被颠倒过来的 ”，做后置定语修饰boat 。24.be made of和 be made from25. be known for因 而著名be known as作为 而著名be known to对于某人来说是著名的26.bring sb/sth back to life使复活，给 以活力 ;27. Rethink, Reuse, Recycle, Reduce!re- 是最常用的前缀之一re- 表示以下三方面的意义：1) 表示 “回 ”或 “向后 ”的意思。 return（回来） recall （回忆，

41、 召回） retract（缩回，取回）2) 表示 “再 ”、 “重新 ”、 “重复 ”的意思。 rethink （再思考） reuse （再运用） restart（重新开始） recycle （再利用）3)表示 “相反 ”、“反对 ”的意思。 rebel（反叛， 谋反） reverse （反转， 颠倒） resist（反抗，抵抗）28. She is a most unusual woman.un- 前缀，第一，表示否定意义。第二，表示“反动作 ”。即 “相反的动作 ”。uncomfortable 不舒服的 unending无尽的 unfortunate不幸的 unusual不平常的unkin

42、d 不仁慈的 unbind解开，释放 uncover揭开 的盖子 unearth由地下掘出 unbutton 解开钮扣29.-ive是形容词后缀一般表示有 .的 create -ive = creative30.recent -ly = recently形容词加 ly 变副词31.Amy is an inspiration (n.灵感 ) to us all.后缀 -tion附在动词后面构成名词1)当单词最后是 t, d, te, de时，变名词加tion 或者 ation, ition；2)当单词最后是元音字母时，变名词加sion等。32. cut down砍倒，减少The little b

43、oy cut down the young tree with an axeThe doctor told me to cut down smoking and drinking.cut up 切碎cut off切断，停止33.especially尤其，特别be full of =be filled with充满noise/air/water/land pollution噪音，空气，水，陆地污染o.扔进cause the problem引起麻烦write to sb.=write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter给某人写信clean up打

44、扫干used to do过去常常做某事too much太多 +U/too many 太多 +Cs/much too太 .play a part incut downinstead of+doing代替rather thanmake a differencearound here=near here在附近lead to导入idea for doing sth.solve the problems解决问题solutionn. 解决take the+交通工具 =by+交通工具help/work起作用remember to do/doingforget to do/doinghear of /abou

45、t听说hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from sb.收到某人来信be harmful to=do harm tothe food chain食物链the whole +n=all the + nbe in danger=be endangeredfall by over 90 percent下降 90%increase by是增加了多少 increase to是增加至多少in the last/past 20 years在过去的20 年begin with sth以 为开始add up累加add to 加 。6欢迎下载精品文档stop to do/doi

46、ngtake action采取行动pull down 拆迁推到set up=establish建立the best way to do sth = the best way of doing做某事的最佳方法34Write a letter to the city major about the problem and your suggestions.In your letter, describe the environmental problems in your town/city. What are the problems? Where are they? What or who i

47、s causing these problems?Then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems.I think that We should/ could I suggestDear Sir/ Madam,Environmentalproblemsarebecoming more and more seriousallover theworld.With the development ofthesociety,there are toomany carson the streetsin our city. Cars

48、 have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe. Blacksmoke and poisonousgas aregivenoffby factories.Factoriesalso putwasteinto the river. And wherever we go, we can find rubbish.Now more and more people have realized these problems. I think thatgovernmentsshouldclose down the factoriesand develo

49、plawsto stoppeoplefrom driving cars every day. I suggest everyone in this town should helpto clean up the river and the streets. We should call on everyone in thetown to throw rubbish in the dustbins.I hope the problem willbe solvedinthe nearfutureand our home willbecomebetter and better.35. land pollution土地污染36. fill the air with black smoke使空气中充满了