法律英语PPT3 court.

1、LessonThreeJurisdiction 管辖权 司法管辖权，或称为审判权，是指法院或司法机构对诉讼进行聆讯和审判的权力。在大部份地区，不同法院的司法管辖权是不同的，级别、区域 级别管辖 基院-中院-高院-最高院 地域管辖 原被告所在地/侵权行为 指定管辖 移送管辖Special Court军事法院（MILITARY COURT）是国家设立在军队中的审判机关。管辖范围军事法院作为专门人民法院，是国家设立在军队中的审判机关。军事法院对军内人员犯罪的案件依法行使审判权，军内人员主要包括现役军官、文职干部、士兵等。案件受理军事法院直接受理下列案件：遗弃伤员案；虐待俘虏案。即这两类军人的职务犯罪

2、，不由军队保卫部门侦查、不由军事检察院公诉，由军事法院直接办案。 Family court(U.S.& U.K.) A family court is a court convened to decide matters and make orders in relation to family law, such as custody of children. /courts/FamilyCourt.aspx Special Courts2021-12-11法律英语6Judicial System Throughout the Unit

3、ed States there are two judicial systems. One system consists of state and local courts established under the authority of the state governments. The other is the Supreme Court and the federal court system, created by Congress under the authority of the Constitution of the United States.2021-12-11法律

4、英语7美国司法制度美国司法制度特点特点法院组织分为法院组织分为联邦和地方两联邦和地方两大系统大系统联邦最高法院联邦最高法院享有特殊的司享有特殊的司法审查权法审查权 judicial review通过案例审查通过案例审查联邦或州的立联邦或州的立法或行政行为法或行政行为是否违宪是否违宪2021-12-11法律英语8美国联邦法院普通法院特别法院the Supreme Court U.S. Circuit Court / Court of Appeals district courtU.S. Tax CourtU.S. Bankruptcy CourtsMilitary Courtoriginal a

5、nd exclusive jurisdiction over all cases arising under the bankruptcy code， bankruptcy court only has the authority to hear bankruptcy cases.Tax Court specializes in adjudicating disputes over federal income tax, generally prior to the time at which formal tax assessments are made by the Internal Re

6、venue Service.Federal Courts 地方法院共有94所，分散在全国各州境内，由1名法官独任审理。 上诉法院是第二审级法院。 最高法院设在华盛顿，由首席法官(chief judge)1人、法官(associate judge)8人组成。2021-12-11法律英语11 Eachcourtofappealshasfourormorejudgeswhositinpanelsofthreetoreviewdistrictcourtdecisions,aswellassomedecisionsofadministrativeagencies. 每个上诉法院都有4个或更多法官，他们组

7、成3人小组，审议地区法院的裁决和行政机关的一些决定。2021-12-11法律英语12 A losing litigant in the court of appeals may, in some cases, be able to obtain review by the United States Supreme Court. 在上诉法院败诉的诉讼人有时可以取得美国联邦最高法院的复审。2021-12-11法律英语13The Supreme Court Decideswhatarethemostimportantquestionsthatdeserveitsattention. 哪些是值得其关

8、注的最重要的问题。 Willrefusetoreviewdecisionsraisingissuesthatitfeelsarenotascrucial. 将拒绝复审它认为不是至关重要问题的裁决。美国联邦上诉法院美国联邦上诉法院（United States courts of appeals）, 又名巡回上诉又名巡回上诉法院（法院（circuit courts），），是美国联邦司法系统中是美国联邦司法系统中的中级上诉法院。联邦的中级上诉法院。联邦上诉法院主要裁定来自上诉法院主要裁定来自于其联邦司法管辖区内于其联邦司法管辖区内对于地方法院判决的上对于地方法院判决的上诉诉美国联邦第十一巡回上美国联

9、邦第十一巡回上诉法院（诉法院（United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit）(11th Cir.) Each state has the power to establish its own court systemNo two states have the identical court systems2021-12-11法律英语16州最高法院终审上诉法院state supreme court上诉法院中级上诉法院state appellate court初审法院trial court州最高法院states highest c

10、ourt初审法院内布拉斯加等几个州三级法院三级法院或者两两级法院级法院United States Supreme CourtU.S. Courts of Appeals12 Regional Circuit Courts of Appeals1 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal CircuitU.S. District Courts（94 Judicial districts）U.S. Bankruptcy CourtsU.S. Court of International TradeU.S. Court of Federal ClaimsSuprem

11、e CourtAppellate CourtsTrial Courts The federal courts of appeals sit permanently in 13 appellate circuits (11 regional circuits as well as a DC Circuit and the Federal Circuit).The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (in case citations, D.C. Cir.) known informally as

12、 the D.C. Circuit District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which is roughly equivalent to a state supreme court in the District of ColumbiaVSThe United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit; in case citations, Fed. Cir.or C.A.F.C.) is a United States court of appeals headqua

13、rtered in Washington, D.C. it is the only appellate-level court with the jurisdiction to hear patent case appeals.Episode Chelina Hall: You are not going to wear that once we get there. Alan Shore: Why not? Chelina Hall: This court antagonizes easily. Alan Shore: Understood. How do I look? Chelina H

14、all: Clients name is Ezekiel Borns. He likes to be called Zeke. He has an IQ of eighty. He was convicted eight years ago in the shooting death of a gas station attendant. Chelina Hall: We finally got a DNA test ordered, it came back negative. One would think that would be enough to clear him. But th

15、e problem is, he confessed, after an all-night interrogation. He could have been coerced, maybe brain washed, maybe both. When we land I would like you to go meet Zeke while I try to get a meeting with the DA.Convict If someone is convicted of a crime, they are found guilty of that crime in a law co

16、urt. In 1977 he was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. 1977年，他被判谋杀罪名成立，判处终身监禁。 There was insufficient evidence to convict him. 没有足够证据给他定罪。 Alan Shore: I assume you already tried the Governor? Chelina Hall: Im told he giggled. is our last stop. Alan Shore: High Court? Chelina Hal

17、l: Texas doesnt have a Supreme Court; they have two High Courts, one for civil, one for criminal. And the chief Judge on the High Court we had words on another case. Alan Shore: When you say you had words? Chelina Hall: I called him a disgusting, fat pig. Alan Shore: My client has an IQ of eighty; h

18、e was interrogated for sixteen hours. Judge Lance Abrams: Coercion was never raised. Alan Shore: It was never raised because his lawyer was an inadequate hack! Though the nine of you seem quite satisfied with his performance. With all due respect. Judge Christopher Serra: Mr Shore? You came down her

19、e from Massachusetts? Alan Shore: Yes. Sir. Judge Christopher Serra: We in Texas have been living with this case for eight years. Alan Shore: Youve been living with it personally? May it please the court. Judge Christopher Serra: You first met Mr Borns, when? Alan Shore: Yesterday. Judge Christopher Serra: And you