高中情态动词用法总结

1、情态动词的用法A. can; could; be able toCan 1.表示能力此时过去时是could2. 表示许可、请求，"可以"。-Can/Could Igo now?3表示推测，把握很大，could也可表推测，把握比can小。-Look! Some one is coming! Who can it be?-It can 'be him. He has gone to Paris.不可能/ He could be here soon. 他很快就来。4表示感情惊异/不耐烦 究竟，到底主要用于否认句，疑问句和感慨句中。How can you be so foo

2、lish?What ca n it possibly be?到底那是怎么一回事 ？They can 'be working at this time of day.5肯定句中客观存在的可能性。有时会，偶尔It can be quite windy there, especially in spri ng.Could1.表示能力，can的过去式，过去能够Could you speak En glish the n?那时候你会说英语吗 ？2. 请求允许委婉语气问句的答语不用 could，而用can ,Could Ca n I use your pen?3.表示推测可能性(肯，否，疑)We

3、could go there this summer.“ Yes, of course you can., I 'm afraid not.今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。将来可能性You could be right, but I don' ytioinke.你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。4. could have done 对过去推测，可能已经。本来能够却没做，差点就He can ' t couldn ' t have seen her there他不可能在那儿见到她。He could have gone home.他可能已回家了He could have

4、told her, but he didn' t choos他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。B. may 禾口 might1. 表示允许、许可，might提问更委婉。-May/Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certa inly.-No, you must n't. / No, you may not. / No, you can'./No, you ' d better not.2. 表示推测，有 或许可能"的意思。might把握更小。疑问句用can/ could

5、.? He may/might be right./ I hear there may be a few copies left.? He may/might come today (tomorrow).3. may 表示祝愿，倒装。 May + 主语 + 动词原形。May you succeed!/May you all be happy. may might as well 意为不妨 还是为好"等，用 might比用 may语气更委婉。如：I m ready so I might as well go now.我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。There ' s nothng

6、 to do, so I may might as well go to bed. may well. 完全可能C. must, have toMust 1.表示 必须否认式mustn'表示 不可以 不准 禁止"等。Everybody must obey the rules./ You mustn ' t lend it to others. /You mustn ' t speak like that to your mother.在答复有 “ must 的询问时，-Must I go now?- Yes, you must.-No, you needn &

7、#39; t. / No, you don ' t have to.2. must表示推测(一定必定)，表肯定的推测，其否认的推测用can't，表示“不可能You must be hungry after the long walk. / It can't be Jim, for he has gone to Beiji ng.The Chin ese Ian guage must have the large nu mber of speakers.3. must表示说话人不耐烦的态度，“干嘛偏要 must + have + done ，表示对过去事物的肯定推测。一定

8、做过.He must have told my pare nts about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如:? It must be nice to take a walk here, isn' t it? Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eati ng them, does n't he？Must have done的反意疑问句有三种情况： 从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时.? The ground is wet , it must have r

9、ained last night, didn' t it?hadn' t we? 从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，反意疑问句用过去完成时.By the end of last term, we must have lear nt 2000 words,haven ' t we?mustn '.t? 或 needn ' .t?may 或 must ? 假设从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时? We must have bee n met somewhere (before) must表示必须有必要寸，反义疑问句局部用You must go ho

10、me right now, needn' you? must用否认形式 mustn '时，附加疑问句局部用You must n' cheat i n the exam in ati on, must you?3. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦.意为偏要-you make so much no ise?A Must B Can C May D Would-Sorry, I will take care not to.4. must 和 have to 的区别：D. ought to/ should/ shallOught to ought to用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和

11、规定时，常译作应该、应当和should差不多，只是语气较强，有时表示非常可能的事情。There ought not to be much no ise in a hospital. -Ought he to go? - Yes, he ought to.? If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.ought to have done 指过去动作，表示一件事情该做而未做。ought not to have done表示一件不该做的事情却做了。should 1.用于表示劝告和建议，应该.表示自己的主观看法，语气

12、比ought to弱。 should + have done指过去动作，表示一件事情该做而未做。should not + have do ne表示一件不该做的事情却做了。-Who did it sou nd like? An ybody you know?-Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was call ing before he hung it up.2. 表推测,“按道理，按常理应该They should have arrived by two o ' clock.3. 表示惊讶，赞叹，不满，责备竟然I am sorry t

13、hat you should do such a thing.4. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有 一 的意思Should I be free tomorrow, I 'come.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.shall1. shall作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有命令警告、威胁 强制 允诺等意思。必须，应，可以.? You shall do as I say.命令? Tell him that he shall have the book tomor

14、row.允诺? You shall be punished if you break the law. 表警告2. 用于第一、第三人称，在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方意见。“好吗？ “要不要？Where shall I wait for you?/ Shall he come at on ce?/ Shall we start the meeti ng now?3. 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，用于第三人称The new regulatio n shall take effect on June 1 st.E. will 和 would 1)表示意志、决心、意愿可用于多种人称

15、。 will指现在，would指过去。? I will tell you all about it./ He won ' t go.(2)表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求，在疑问句中用语第二人称时，委婉语气would.? I ' m going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me? Will/would you please give him a message whe n you see him? 表示习惯动作，有 总是 惯于"的意思。过去式 wouldHe' ll talk for hours

16、 if you give him the chanee.表示功能，能The door won topen. / The car won 'start.(5)will用于表达真理，客观规律时“会Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.F. need 禾口 dare1. need表示 需要 必须通常用在否认句或疑问句中。? He need n ' t payor it.-Need you go now?- Yes, I must. - No, I needn ' t.2. dare表示 敢通常用于否认句、

17、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether引出的宾语从句中。? How dare you say I ' m unfair? She dare not do so.? He asked me if I dared speak En glish in public. need和dare也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同?She didn ' t need to go.?- Who dares to go?- - I don ' t dare (to) go. I dare say作插入语，我想，大概，可能，或许 “ needn t + have done表示过去做了没必要做

18、的事情。You need n't have take n it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。G. had better 最好、 We had better go now.Yes，we had (we'd better / we had better).Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop no w?)I thi nk I'd better be going.(用于进行时态，表最好立即You had better have do ne that.(用于完成时态，表未完成动作)W情态动词+ have done1、must have done, “一定做过 /一定已经 ，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯 定句2、 may/might have done也许做过某事推测 ；本来可以做某事却没做3、can't have done 为否认句或疑问句 ,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事could have done 本来可以做某事却没做4、needn't have done 表示 不必要做某事， 但做了，而 needn't do 那么表示 不必做 也没做 5、ought to /should have