农学考试练习题ppt课件

1、部分习题部分习题P47/1(1)总体是指所研讨的金针虫总体；总体是指所研讨的金针虫总体；(2)样本是指从金针虫总体中随机抽取的样本是指从金针虫总体中随机抽取的6个个体组成个个体组成的样本；的样本；(3)变数是指金针虫的头数；变数是指金针虫的头数；(4)察看值是指变数的察看值是指变数的6个取值为个取值为6个察看值。个察看值。组组 限限组中值（组中值（y）划线计数划线计数 次数（次数（）24.5 27.526227.5 30.529 730.5 33.532 2433.5 36.535 4136.5 39.538 2139.5 42.541442.5 45.54445.5 48.5471P47/2

2、 极差=46-26=20；组数=7；组距=20/7=2.85713 100个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表 100个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图P47/3P47/4直接法:222222/(374634)/1003485/10034.85() /374634 )3485 /1003.221100 1yy nyynSn222/(2 267 291 47)/1003467/10034.67() /1212973467 /1003.331100 1yfyffyfyfSf P47/5等级差法: 假定y0=35，02222 ( 3)7 ( 2)1 435334.67100() /123( 11) /10033

3、.331100 1fdyyinfdfdnSin P47/6BS24：金皇后：金皇后：11112221111111122 184/(192119)/1020() /4014200 /101.247110 1100%1.247/20 100%6.24%RyynyynSnSCVy22222222222222226 15 11/(16 2119)/1020() /4104 200 /103.399110 1100%3.399/20 100% 16.99%RyynyynSnSCVyP47/7 10株小麦的分蘖数为：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。 n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3

4、，y21=61=5P47/802222(363)/1036/103.6()(33.6)(63.6)(33.6)033624() /14236 /101.381.17110 1dyyyMMRyynSSnP72/2(28)0.7(19)0.9(24)68 (24)(68)0.30.30.682(24)37 0.210852()(3)0.2105pypypyypypypyypp或()与()奇数被 整除P72/3 在回交后代在回交后代200株中，杂株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出现的概率各为现的概率各为1/2，即杂合体，即杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有100

5、株。株。 F1自交得自交得F2代的分别作代的分别作3:1遗传比率，即非糯稻为遗传比率，即非糯稻为0.75，糯稻为，糯稻为0.25，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概率分布率分布二项式分布。二项式分布。WxWxwxwxWxwxwxwxWxwxwxwx121220.750.75 0.250.1875ppq P72/4非糯稻：Np=20000.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=20000.25=500受害株数概率函数P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105

6、.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92调查单位为调查单位为5株的概率分布表株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.00( )( )( )yyn ynC p qp yF ynp y0055114522353325441555050.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.25CCCCCC样本平均数(成数)的抽样分布:样本总和数(次数)的抽样分布: 20.75/0.75 0.25/50.0375ppppq n25 0.753.755 0.75 0.250.9375npnpn

7、pnpq P73/6(1.17)1(1.17)1 0.87900.1210(1.17)0.8790(1.17)0.1210(0.421.61)(1.61)(0.42)0.94630.66280.2835( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.33720.05370.2835p up up up upup up upup up u 11( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.66280.05370.6091(1.05)1 (1.05)(1.05)1 (0.8531 0.1469)0.2938(1.05)2(1.05)2 0.14690.2938(1.05)0.8531 0.1

8、4690.7062()0.051pup up up up up up up up up uuu 11.9599641.96()0.0251.9599641.96p uuuP73/7 N(16，4)112112(1020)( 32)0.97730.00140.9759(12)(2)0.0228(20)1(2)10.97720.0228()0.500.6745160.674514.6517.352()0.951.96161.9612.0819.922pypup yp up yp up uuuyyyp uuuyyy=-=-= -=-=-=-=-=P73/8 N=5，n=2222222525(1234

9、5)/53() /5515 /52.052.01.414nNyyNNmsss=+=-=邋次数（）1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152个样本平均数分布的次数分布表个样本平均数分布的次数分布表y 52个样本平均数分布的次数分布图 平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。由由25个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差:222222/75/253() /25075 /251.0253/2/21.0yyyyf yff yf yffnmsmmss=-=邋邋P73/9 22222/ppn pn pppqpnpq nnnpnnpqP73/10 结果为：

10、0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，02222/(010)/100.5()(00.5)(10.5)(00.5)0.5100.5/0.50.5/40.2540.52.040.50.51.0ppnpnpy nyNpq nnnpqmmsmmsmms=+=-+-+-=创=P97/40.01120.0512153.752.58161402.58130.325149.6753.75130.325149.675151.501.961001001.9697.06102.941.5097.06102.94yyunyyyyyunyyyyy 或或P97/5否认无效假设，接受备择假设。否认无效假设，接受备择假设。02

11、222220.01,9:2.50:2.50(2.38 2.382.41)/1023.90/102.39() /2.382.382.4123.9 /100.068110 10.0680.02102.39 2.505.513.2500.02AyHHyyynSnSSnttP97/6 否认否认H0接受接受H01201212121212212120.05,(5)0.05,(5):5437.605.276.504.596.504.592.218(4 1)(3 1)2.2182.2187.605.271.142.04431.142.015()2.571()AeyyHHnnyySSSSSSSSSSttt 一尾

12、概率二尾概率P97/7 接受接受H01222112212012120.052461580813:0:01.9624803.746815 130.5343.74AyynynyHHuu P97/8 接受接受H0121222111222012120.05(15)222112212111263040112245:4:42.1315 40 10 4543.335 1043.3343.333.34611()()(3022)41.203.34AeyyyynySnySHHtSSSSyytS P97/9 0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)101.961.64()2.250.47431029.81.9

13、628.8730.730.474328.8730.7329.81.6430.5830.580.4743yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)1001.961.64()2.250.1510029.81.9629.5130.090.1529.5130.0929.81.6430.0530.050.15yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或00.052:29.8:29.81.64()2.252030.10.33542030.1 29.80.890.335430.1 29.81.962.25/96AyyHHunyuyyunnn 一尾接受接受H0P97/10 00

14、.05(9)2220:0:02.262(325)/1031/103.1() /16931 /100.90(1)10 (10 1)3.13.4440.90dAddHHtdddnSn ntH 否定去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-192125否认否认H010.0520.053.12.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtS12012120.05(18)221122222112212:0:02.10131.26.1828.15.219 6.189 5.215.695991131.228.15.69

15、5 ()1.0672.90510101.067AeyyHHtySySSSSSt 去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227 成组数据(t=2.905)成对数据(t=3.444)，即成组数据容易犯第二类错误。121210.051220.0512()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0670.9()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0675.3yyyyLyytSLyytS10.0520.053.12.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtSP97/11 12012120.0512:0:01.9642/2000.

16、2127/1500.1842270.19711 0.19710.8029200 150110.1971 0.80290.0432001500.21 0.180.6980.043AppHppHppupppqSu 接受接受H0令令属真实差别属真实差别12nnn0.21 0.180.031212120.21 0.181.961111()0.1971 0.8029ppppppuSp qnnnn121350nnnP127/5 4组数据编 号Ti ni 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 组1 8 10 1 6 4 7 8 2 46 5.75 8 组2 9 2 11 5.50 2 组3 6 5 0 7 3 7

17、 28 4.67 6 组4 16 8 6 11 41 10.25 4iy1266.320iTyn组1组2组3组42222222122222111222222222232222233324222222444126793.82081011793.8270.20810246 /869.59211 /224.565728 /637.3316861141 /4iTeeeeTCnSSyCySSynySSynySSynySSsyn56.7569.5024.5037.33 56.75188.08eSS两种计算方法结果完全一样。与总变异平方和完全一样。2222222222()8 (5.756.3)2 (5.56

18、.3)6 (4.676.3)4 (10.256.3)82.1246112841793.882.128264tiiitiSSn yyTSSCn 82.12188.08270.20teTSSSSSS种植密度(株、667)千 粒 重 123420002472582562511012253400023824424623696424160002142272212188802208000210204200210824206测定4种密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重结果P128/6 iyiT3680230Ty2222222222214 4 11514 13(1)4 (4 1)123680846400162472582

19、10560810129648808245304456085304304TteTiteTtDFnkDFkDFk nTCnkSSyCCTSSCCnSSSSSS 方 差 分 析 表25.332.524eMSSEn变异来源DF SS MS F F0.05 F0.01 处 理 间35304176869.79* 3.495.95误 差1230425.33 总 变 异155608 种植密度的差别显著性(SSR检验)结论：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著结论：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著的差别，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。的差别，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0

20、.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.4743.334.688.3911.79 处 理 平均千粒重 差异显著性 5% 1% 2000 253 a A 4000 241 b B 6000 220 c C 8000 206 d D P128/7 3个稻田的农药残留量iyT=27.01213 3 2 11713 12(1)3 (3 1)6(1)3 3 (2 1)9TteeDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm n 稻 田123水 样123123123残留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.

21、01.9水样Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.00222222222222222122227.040.5181.11.31.940.543.0840.52.586.98.112.040.5642.8740.52.372.32.44.142.87242.9242.870.0543.0842TitijieijeTClmnSSyCTSSCmnTTSSnmnTSSyn.920.16方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻 田 间22.371.19148.7*5.1410.92水 样 间60.050.0081

22、水 样 内90.160.018总 变 异172.5810.0080.03656eMSSEmn 种植密度的差别显著性(SSR检验)结论：水样间无显著差别；稻田间有极显著的差别，结论：水样间无显著差别；稻田间有极显著的差别，稻田稻田3农药污染最重，稻田农药污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田次之，稻田1最轻。最轻。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.191333.585.510.13070.2019处 理 平均残留量 差异显著性 5% 1% 稻 田 3 2.00 a A 稻 田 2 1.35 b B 稻 田 1 1.15 c C P128/8 5个水

23、稻种类干物质的干物质积累量525517.4lmnT品种样点干物质重量TijTi甲17.88.99.211.410.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙37.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.112.61615.215.112.312.512.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.914.691011.717.215

24、.615.115.871.4iy122222222222215 2 5 14915 14(1)5 (2 1)5(1)5 2 (5 1)40517.45354.0552507.88.915.85880.62 5354.0552526.564899.276.4126.168.81TteeTitDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm nTClmnSSyCCTSSCmn 222222122246.9105789.1860 5354.0552435.130847.851.475.45789.186055811.5040 5789.186022.31805880.62 5811.50469.1160ijiei

25、jeCTTSSnmnTSSyn方差分析表14.46360.668110eMSSEmn变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01品 种 间4435.1308108.782724.37*5.1911.39样 点 间522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51样 点 内4069.11601.7279总 变 异49526.5648 5个水稻种类干物质的差别显著性(SSR检验)结论：结论：5个水稻种类间有极显著的差别。其中，戊与丙、甲与个水稻种类间有极显著的差别。其中，戊与丙、甲与乙、乙与丁间无显著差别；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著程度。乙、乙与丁间无显著差别；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著程度。p S

26、SR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563.813.984.084.13处 理 平均干物质量差异显著性 5% 1% 戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88a a b bc c A AB BC C CP128/9 5个小麦种类的黑穗病率%反正弦转换2214 5 11914 13357.3(1)4 (5 1)166383.1620TteDFnkDFkTDFk nCnk ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.2

27、79.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.00.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.1810.7818.7266.891.73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.313.3151.5180.238.0445.34157.51169.33T=357.3T=410.22方差分析表方差分析表结论：种类间差别不显著。结论：种类间差别不显著。2222222220.84.02.86383.16 15132.65/(12.313.3151.5180.2 )/5 6383.16 4767.3315132.65 4767.33

28、10365.32TtieTtSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品 种 间34767.331589.112.45 3.24误 差1610365.32647.83总 变 异1915132.65方差分析表方差分析表结论：数据转换后结论：数据转换后,种类间差别显著。阐明转换后各种类的均方种类间差别显著。阐明转换后各种类的均方得到改良，从而提高了检验的灵敏度。得到改良，从而提高了检验的灵敏度。22222222222/410.22 /208414.025.1311.549.638414.027750.90/(38.0445.34157.51169.33 )/5 8414.02

29、2982.947750.90 2982.944767.96TtieTtCTnkSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品 种 间32982.94994.313.34*3.24误 差164767.96298.00总 变 异197750.09P143/1接受接受H0：差别不显著：差别不显著0220.975(9)0.025(9)22:3.6:3.60.052.7019.02(10 1)4.511.253.60.05AHHxxsxpP143/26个方差同质性检验的计算 133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.

30、94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516 24282.9210.903443.61362222lnlniiiiiiiiSSSS2222220126126220.975(5)0.025(5)2222:,0.8312.83282.9211.788324ln24 ln11.788359.21061111111.09723(6 1) 444241(59.210643.6136)14.21521.0972AiipiipcHHxxSSSCxp 不全等0.05否认否认H0：

31、差别显著：差别显著P143/3检验下表各样本察看次数能否适宜各相应的实际比率222222*22222232/3134 3 362/(3 170)1.129432/3240 3 1202/(3 360)12.89261 /76 561 /1322.7348158/15240 15 138/(15 253)0.3607ccccxAanxAanxA anxAan 样本号理论比率观察次数A an3:13:11:115:113424076240 36 120 56 13170360132253P144/4接受接受H0：差别不显著：差别不显著02220.05(2)22222:9:3:4:9:3:4348

32、115 1576205.993481151576200.04089/16 6203/16 6204/16 6200.05AiiHFHFnxaxnmnp分离符合的比率分离不符合的比率P144/5200个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适宜性检验个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适宜性检验220.05(9)20054.8510.081.954716.92nySxx每每 穗穗 粒粒 数数次数次数(O)理论次数理论次数(E)组限组限(y)组中点组中点25.530.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.201930.535.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.540.53

33、810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.545.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.680.087245.550.54832-4.35-0.430.157431.480.008650.555.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.560.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.565.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.570.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.575.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.58

34、0.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.585.583230.653.040.00551.110.7136yyyySp2xP144/6接受接受H0：差别不显著：差别不显著02220.05(3)2222212342222:9:3:3:1:9:3:3:11324238 142267.8116(339)916 (1323 423 389 14 )2260.64309 2260.05AHFHFnxaaaaxnnp 分离符合的比率分离不符合的比率P144/7杂交F3代在室内与田间对某种病害反响的相关研讨H0:两个变数相互独立；HA:两个变数彼此相关222220.01(4)(1

35、42 37.99)(51 114.21)(17643.57)1127.9537.99114.2143.5713.280.05xxp否认否认H0：差别极显著：差别极显著田 间 反 应温 室 幼 苗 反 应Ri抗 病分 离感 病抗 病142(37.99)51(114.21)3(43.80)R1=196分 离13(81.21)404(244.16)2(93.63)R2=419感 染2(37.80)17(113.63)176(43.57)R3=195CiC1=157C2=472C3=181n=810P144/8检验以下4个样本的分别能否一致符合3：1的分别比率222221.3255 13.333321

36、.373753.229289.26176903 2250.08203 91598.26170.082089.1797iTiTxxxx 20.05(1)20.05(2)20.05(3)3.845.997.81xxx样本号理论比率观 察 次 数Aan3:1134361701.32550.788228.383:124012036013.33330.666780.001:1765613221.37370.333332.2415:12401325353.22920.948612.34合合 计计6902259152x p npq6个方差同质性检验的计算否认否认H0：极显著：极显著22240847.0383

37、/91144.8376ln911 ln44.83763464.575911111111.00213(4 1) 1693591312529111(3464.57593226.6978)237.37961.0021pipSsCx 20.05(3)7.81x 128.37991694796.20313.3457565.4201279.996035928718.56404.38201573.1296332.24161314223.64963.4733454.9967412.33582523108.62162.5125633.1514 91140847.038313.71353226.69782222l

38、nlniiiiiiiiSSSSP246/12.6一一1.F检验检验 表表 1 1 方差分析表方差分析表变异来变异来源源平方和平方和自由度自由度均方均方F F值值0.050.050.010.01区组间区组间0.27120.27123 30.09040.09041.0631.0633.293.295.425.42处理间处理间8.97218.97215 51.79441.794421.0921.092.902.904.564.56误差误差1.27621.276215150.08510.0851总变异总变异10.519610.519623232.多重比较多重比较处理处理均值均值5%5%显著显著水平水平

39、1%1%极显著水平极显著水平处理处理6 67.5500007.550000 a aA A处理处理5 57.1257.125 ababABAB处理处理3 36.9000006.900000 b b BCBC处理处理1 16.456.45 c c CDCD处理处理2 26.26.2 c c DEDE处理处理4 45.75.7 d d E E二二1.F检验检验方差分析表方差分析表变异来源变异来源 平方和平方和自由度自由度均方均方F F值值0.050.050.010.01处理间处理间8.97218.97215 51.79441.794420.87220.8722.77 4.252.77 4.25处理内

40、处理内1.54751.547518180.0860.086总变异总变异10.519610.519623232.多重比较多重比较处理处理均值均值5%5%显著水显著水平平1%1%极显著水平极显著水平F F7.55000017.5500001 a aA AE E7.1257.125 ababABABC C6.90000016.9000001 b b BCBCA A6.44999986.4499998 c c CDCDB B6.20199986.2019998 c c DEDED D5.69999985.6999998 d d E EP246/12.71.F检验检验拉丁方试验方差分析表拉丁方试验方差分

41、析表变异来变异来源源平方和平方和自由度自由度均方均方F F值值F F0.05 0.05 F F0.010.01纵列纵列44.5644.564 411.1411.143.87703.87703.26 5.413.26 5.41横行横行8.568.564 42.142.140.744780.744783.26 5.413.26 5.41处理处理202.16202.164 450.5450.5417.58917.5893.26 5.413.26 5.41误差误差34.4834.4812122.87332.8733总和总和289.76289.7624242.多重比较多重比较 字母标记表示结果字母标记表

42、示结果处理处理均值均值5%5%显著水显著水平平1%1%极显著水平极显著水平处理处理A A27.827.8a aA A处理处理C C26.226.2a aA A处理处理B B25.625.6a aA A处理处理D D22.222.2 b b B B处理处理E E2020 b b B BP297/13.31.F检验检验方差分析表方差分析表( (固定模型固定模型) )变异来变异来源源平方和平方和自由度自由度均方均方F F值值0.010.01区组间区组间1.166671.166672 20.583330.583331.87811.87813.443.445.725.72A A因素间因素间57.3333

43、57.33333 319.111119.111161.52961.5293.053.054.824.82B B因素间因素间8.6666678.6666672 24.333334.3333313.95113.9513.443.445.725.72AxBAxB2 26 60.333330.333331.07321.07322.552.553.763.76误差误差6.833336.8333322220.3106060.310606总变异总变异767635352.多重比较多重比较因素间字母标记表示结果因素间字母标记表示结果处理处理均值均值5%5%显著水显著水平平1%1%极显著水平极显著水平A4A415.88888915.888889a aA AA3A314.33333314.333333 b b B BA2A213.22222213.222222 c c C CA1A112.55555512.5