McKinsey-problemsolving麦肯锡解决问题的方法PPT课件

1、2021/7/231PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE MCKINSEY METHODMembrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/232MCKINSEY PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACHIntuitionDataProblemSolutionBusiness Need Competitive Organizational Financial OperationalAnalyzing Framing Designing Gathering InterpretingPresentin

2、g Structure Buy-inImplementation Dedication Reaction Completion IterationLeadership Vision Inspiration DelegationManaging Team Client SelfFocus of todays discussion2021/7/233FRAMING THE PROBLEM KEY TIPS Start with structure, not data Break the problem into “MECE” parts (using issue trees) Form a sou

3、nd hypothesis as to the answer Identify what conditions are necessary and sufficient to prove the hypothesis (using hypothesis trees)Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/234FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLEProblem: How can the Acme Widget Company increase profits fro

4、m its existing business lines?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/235FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLEHow can Acme increase profits from existing business lines? Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/236FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMP

5、LEHow can Acme increase profits from existing business lines? From WidgetsFrom Thrum-mats From GrommetsWhich Business Lines?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/237FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLEHow can Acme increase profits from existing business lines? From Widge

6、tsFrom Thrum-mats From GrommetsIncrease RevenuesDecrease ExpensesWhich Business Lines?How?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/238FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLEHow can Acme increase profits from existing business lines? From WidgetsFrom Thrum-mats From GrommetsInc

7、rease RevenuesDecrease ExpensesDecrease raw material costsDecrease labor costsDecrease overhead costsWhich Business Lines?How?How?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/239FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLEHow can Acme increase profits from existing business lines? From

8、 WidgetsFrom Thrum-mats From GrommetsIncrease RevenuesDecrease ExpensesDecrease raw material costsDecrease labor costsDecrease overhead costsNegotiate wage concessionsImplement a labor-saving production processWhich Product Lines?How?How?How?Negotiate higher productivity quotas2021/7/2310FRAMING THE

9、 PROBLEM ISSUE TREE ASSIGNMENTProblem: How can I have more money at the end of each month without incurring debt?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2311ISSUE TREES VS. HYPOTHESIS TREES Issue trees identify all potential ideas Issue trees ask “How” we could meet a desire

10、d outcome Issue trees are excellent for organizing ideas in a “MECE” manner Complete issue trees uncover all potential ideas Hypothesis trees focus and build up an argument or conclusion Hypothesis trees ask “Why” we believe something to be true Hypothesis trees are excellent for narrowing down inve

11、stigation to essentials Complete hypothesis trees build up a complete argument Hypothesis trees focus on the “so what” of any data that is presentedMembrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2312FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLEHypothesis: We can increase the profitab

12、ility of the Acme Widget Company through a streamlined production process for thrum-mats.Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2313FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLEWe can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process. Membrane, For Better Tomor

13、rowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2314FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLEWe can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process. It will reduce our costs.Our organization can implement the necessary changes.We can maintain product quality while implementing the process.

14、Why?Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2315FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLEWe can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process. It will reduce our costs.Our organization can implement the necessary changes.We can maintain product quality w

15、hile implementing the process.The process does not require new facilities.The process does not require new skills.Why?Why?2021/7/2316FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE ASSIGNMENTHypothesis: The best way for me to have more money at the end of the month is to spend less through comparison shopping.2

16、021/7/2317DESIGNING THE ANALYSIS KEY TIPS Lay out the issues in a written workplan by priority Identify the essential analyses necessary to draw conclusions on each issue Disregard analyses that are “interesting” but not essential to prove/disprove the hypothesis Avoid time-consuming analyses design

17、ed for more precision than necessary Begin each analysis with the end (specific end products and timing) in mind2021/7/2318DESIGNING THE ANALYSIS WORKPLAN EXAMPLEIssue/HypothesisCan we implement the new production process? YesDoes the process require new facilities? NoIf it does require new faciliti

18、es, can we acquire them economically? YesAnalysesTechnical specificationsList of facilities that meet new criteriaMap of “facilities gap”Sources of required facilities/equipmentCost to fill gapsEffect on project rate of returnData SourcesArticles, interviewsFacilities management, interviewsFacilitie

19、s management, thrum-mat line supervisors, interviewsOperations, trade publicationsOperations, contractors, interviewsFinance department, prior analysisEnd ProductChartListChartListTableSpreadsheetResponsibilityTomTomBelindaBelindaBelindaTerryDue dates3-Jun5-Jun7-Jun7-Jun10-Jun12-Jun2021/7/2319GATHER

20、ING THE DATA KEY TIPS Use the workplan to focus the search Search the web and other public sources for essential facts Identify and interview experts to uncover hard-to-find facts and deeper insights Conduct primary research only if unavoidableMembrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorr

21、ow2021/7/2320INTERPRETING THE RESULTS KEY TIPS Look for the 80/20 opportunities Always ask, “whats the so what?” Perform sanity checks Draw a chart for each insight Dont make the facts fit your hypothesis Pull together “the story”Membrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2321B

22、ACKUPMembrane, For Better TomorrowMembrane, For Better Tomorrow2021/7/2322ISSUE TREE SAVING MONEYHow?How?. . . How?How?How can I have more money at the end of each month without incurring a debt?Increase incomeReduce expensesReceive a windfallReceive more $ from investmentsReceive more $ from workPa

23、y less for same amount of itemsBuy lessLegallyIllegallyWork more hoursMake more per hourBuy lower quality itemsShop around for specialsFoodClothingUtensilsEntertainmentTravelOtherBetter paid industryHigher job levelAdditional jobOvertimeWin lotteryInherit2021/7/2323HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN TREE SAVING MONEY