metonymy_&_synecdoche

1、 Synecdoche VS MetonymyContents 1. Brief introduction of differences between Synecdoche .VS. Metonymy 2. Synecdoche 3. The classification of Synecdoche 4. Metonymy 5. The classification of Metonymy 6. Exercises Synecdoche .VS. Metonymy Both of the two figures of speech are the substitution of one th

2、ing for another. They are similar but also different in some aspects. When the distinction is made, it is the following: when A is used to refer to B it is a synecdoche if A is a component of B it is a metonymy if A is commonly associated with B, but not part of its whole. Synecdoche Definition: A f

3、igure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific ,or the material for the thing made from it. 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。 Synecdoche occurs when a part is used

4、 to represent a whole or a whole to represent a part, as when workers are referred to as hands or when a national football team is signified by reference to the nation to which it belongs: England beat Sweden. As way of example, the saying that The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world illustra

5、tes the difference between metonymy and synecdoche. Here, the hand is a synecdoche representation of the mother of whom it is a part, while the cradle represents a child by close association. 分类：分类： 1、以部分代整体、以部分代整体 They were short of hands at harvest time 收获季节他们缺少劳力收获季节他们缺少劳力 手是人体的一部分，因此人们常用它来代替各种手是

6、人体的一部分，因此人们常用它来代替各种各样的人。这里以各样的人。这里以hand 代替代替 worker, laborer。 No eye saw him, but a second later every ear heard a gunshot. 没有人看见他。可是，一秒以后每个人都听见了没有人看见他。可是，一秒以后每个人都听见了一声枪响一声枪响 这里以人体器官这里以人体器官eye, ear代替人本身代替人本身 2.以整体代部分以整体代部分 England won the football game. 英格兰队赢了足球赛英格兰队赢了足球赛 England代代 England Football

7、Team Then the surgeon cut me open and take out the appendix and stitched me up again. 医生切开了我的腹部，割除了阑尾，又把我的腹部缝医生切开了我的腹部，割除了阑尾，又把我的腹部缝好。好。 me 代代 my abdomen（我的腹部）（我的腹部） 3.以一种事物代替一类事物以一种事物代替一类事物 Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! 哦，春天随着花儿的凋零而消逝！哦，春天随着花儿的凋零而消逝！ 这里用这里用rose(玫瑰玫瑰)代代flowers(花花) He m

8、anages to earn his bread. 他设法谋生他设法谋生 这里用这里用bread 代代 生计生计 4.以一类事物代替一种事物以一类事物代替一种事物 Nearly 4.8 million vehicles rolled off the assembly lines. 有近有近480万辆汽车开下生产线万辆汽车开下生产线 以以 Vehicle（交通工具）指代（汽车）（交通工具）指代（汽车） 5.以原料代替其制品以原料代替其制品 Do you have any coppers? 你有零钱吗？你有零钱吗？ 以以coppers（铜）代（铜）代 硬币（零钱）硬币（零钱） 6.以个体代替一类以

9、个体代替一类 This young man is very clever, he may another Edison 这个年轻人很聪明，他可能成为另一个爱迪生这个年轻人很聪明，他可能成为另一个爱迪生 用用Edison 指代指代 科学家或有成就的人科学家或有成就的人Metonymy 换喻换喻 A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的

10、事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，代替美国政府或者总统， 用用the bottle来代替来代替wine 或者或者alcohol， 用用the bar 来代来代替替the legal profession，用，用 crown代替代替 king等。等。 Metonymy is the substitution of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated . It

11、s function is to express an idea briefly and effectively by compressing much into a single word or a short noun phrase. The following is a list of familiar metonymies: Uncle Samthe USA gray hairsold people swordwar and destruction brainknowledge，wisdom or reason Examples: His purse（钱包）（钱包） would not

12、 allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle(摇篮摇篮). 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown（王冠）（王冠） in 1848. 他在他在1848年继承了王位。年继承了王位。 Examples: He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands du

13、ring the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。他是这个世纪的牛顿。 分类：分类： 1.以容器代内容以容器代内容 After her husband left her, Wendy took to the bottle. 温迪被丈夫抛弃后开始酗酒。温迪被丈夫抛弃后开始酗酒。 bottle 代代 wine

14、The film star has a large wardrobe. 这位影星有许多衣服这位影星有许多衣服. wardrobe 代代 clothes 2. 用人体器官用人体器官/部位代作用部位代作用 The lack of cohesion of the company accounted for the brain drain. 公司缺乏凝聚力是导致人才外流的原因。公司缺乏凝聚力是导致人才外流的原因。 brain 代代 人才人才 If there is any bad blood in the fellow, he will be sure to show it 如果这个人有心理阴影，他一

15、定会表现出来。如果这个人有心理阴影，他一定会表现出来。 bad blood 代代 心理阴影心理阴影3. 用资料、工具代替事物的名称用资料、工具代替事物的名称 He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown 他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造。他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造。 The Japanese soldiers put all to fire and sword 日本人穷凶极恶，到处杀人放火。日本人穷凶极恶，到处杀人放火。 4.用典型实物代替职业或从事该职业的人用典型实物代替职业或从事该职业的人 When we speak, we must addres

16、s the chair. 当我们发言时，我们必须向主席致意当我们发言时，我们必须向主席致意 His elder sister went on the stage; the younger one had taken the veil. 他姐姐当了演员，妹妹做了修女。他姐姐当了演员，妹妹做了修女。 The crown should not yield to the cross 皇权不应屈服于教会。皇权不应屈服于教会。5.以产地、发明者或作者代替产品或作品以产地、发明者或作者代替产品或作品 Only billionaires are able to collect Picasso. 只有百万富翁才

17、有能力收集毕加索的作品。只有百万富翁才有能力收集毕加索的作品。 Recently he has been steeped in O. Henry 最近几天他沉迷于欧亨利的短篇小说中最近几天他沉迷于欧亨利的短篇小说中。 6.以所在地代替人物、事物、机构组织以所在地代替人物、事物、机构组织 The whole town attended the funeral. 所有镇民都去送葬了。所有镇民都去送葬了。 The Wall Street definitely has more say in their policy making. 华尔街在政府制定国策中肯定有着更多的发言华尔街在政府制定国策中肯定有着更多的发言权。权。Exercise：Identify the figures of speech in the following sentences:1. The poor man had six mouths to feed.2. The Wall Street definitely has more say in their policy making.3. Would you like a cup or two,Eve?4. More hands are needed at the moment.5. The pen is stronger than the sword.synec