名词性从句-讲解(附练习题)

1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考Because（表从）一、概念：因为不充当任何句子成分在句子中起名词作用的句子叫(Noun名词Clauses性从句）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词as if / as though（表从）好像，似乎组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语起连接作用，并在从句关系 who, what, which, whom, whose,法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。有各自自身的代词 whatever,whoever,whomever,中充当主、表、宾、定Who willmakesgo no di

2、fference谁去都.没关（系。从句）whichever意义语等The troublethatis she has lost his.麻烦address的是她把他的地址（搞丢了从。句）关系有各自自身的起连接作用，并在从句They have no ideawhereatallhe has.他gone们不知道他去什么（地方了。从句）when,where,why,how,however,副词 whenever, wherever意义中充当状语Do you rememberhowhe came?你记得他怎么来的么？（从句）由上表可总结出：二、语序1.名词性从句引导词的作用：当名词性从句要采用陈述句语

3、序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。1）都起连接作用，连接主句和从句的作用。2）大部分引导词都有词义（单“词that本”身除词外义，），用在复合句中表达着相应的需What we can'tseemsget better than what我们we得不have到的.似乎比我们所拥有的要好。达的意思。Can you makewheresure Alice has put the?你gold能肯定ring爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗？3）大部分引导词都在从句内部充当相应的语法成分，如：主语，宾语，表No one can bewhatsurema

4、n will look like in a. 没million有人肯years定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。2. 名词性从句引导词的选择：1）准确把握复合句要表看达缺句不意缺，相应词若意缺，补上什么词义使其初完选整引，导词。He askedhow much I paid for.他the问我violin花了多少钱买这个小提琴。2）细分析从句语法结构，看其缺不缺成分，若缺又缺什么成分，再综合其三、时的态呼应例句：名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应，主要有下列几种情况：1）.It worried herthatbither hair was turning.她的

5、头grey发在变白令她有（点that担在忧从。句中只起作用，不 ）（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是一般从现句在的时谓态语，动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约，从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。2）.What caused theisaccidentstillcomplete 事mystery故发生.的原因仍然是个（不What解之谜。在从句中作 ）I wonderwhy Jenny hasntwritten us. recentlyWeshould have heard from我不her知道by为now.什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。3）It is gener

6、ally considered unwisewhatevertogia hechildor she.（whatevernts在从句中作）Im sorryIdidnt say anything aboutIceritainlysooneritthink.s pretty on对不you起我，.还没4）It was a matterwhoofwould take the（positionwho在从句.中作 ）来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。5）Where she hasi notgoneknown（whereyet.在从句中作 ）（2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词用过去的相应的某个时

7、态。The police foundthatthe househadbeen brokenadintoalot of thingsstolen.警察发现有人闯入3. whether和if的区别房子并且很多东西被偷（1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句if，不而能。I havent settled the questionwhetherofIll lend him the.我money还没决定是否把钱借给她She saidshe had been waiting for me.她for说她a等long了我time很长时间。（不能用if）I was toldthat they w

8、ere designing .a有new人告machine诉我他们在设计一种新机器。They are talkingwhetherabout they will.他go们there正在讨论是否去（那不里能。if用）They saidthey would listen to a report on.他current说他们将affairs听关于时事的报告。（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从if只句能，引而导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，（3）如果宾语从句是表示客真观理事等实不，、管主句是什么宾时语态从，句一律用一般现在时。Dick asked howLucy old she迪克is问露斯她多

9、大了。主语从句在句首时，if不，能除用非是有形式it主的语主语从句。Whether we'll go campingdependstomorrowontheThweathquerstion.whetheris it is worthThe teacherthesaidsun rises inthe老师east说太阳从东方升起。doing问.题是这值不值我得们做明。天是否去野营要看（天不气能而if用定）。四、引导名词性从句的关联词The questionwhether we needhasnotit been 我decided们需不.需要它还（没不定能。用if）引导名词性从句的关联词大它

10、致们相分同别，是连：词that,： whether,；关系if代：词who, what,（3）whether后可以直接or跟not或or no，构成whether or或notwhether or，ifno则不能。但可which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever,；关系副：词when,whichevere, how, why,以说whether/ifor not, whether/if。orhowever, whenever,。wherever引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：I don't knowwhether or n

11、ot he'll我不come知道.他是否（会不来能。用if）分类引导词词 义在从句中的作用He will leave for Pariswhethertomorrow,.他明no天无论如何要动身去（巴不黎能了用if）。I dont carewhether/ if you come.我不or关心not你来与否。that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定whether的谓语引，导的从句不用于否定的谓语。连词 if 和whether中不充当任何句子成分I don't careifyou won't我come才不在.乎他来不来呢。是否起连接作用，在从

12、句中He doesnt careifyou dont pay the你money付不付.钱他不在乎。学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考It doesnt matter是无关紧要的（5）whetheror可以引导让步状语or从不句可，省略if；可以引导条件状语从句。Whether it snows,I willor ngot there by不论bike明天.下不下雪，我都骑车去。It makes no difference毫无区别If he had been given, morehecouldtimehave done it much如果给better他更多.的时间，他会做 It is o

13、f little consequence无关紧that要得更好。例句：Itis a pitythat she has made such.她犯amistake这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。（6）whether可以和不定式连用if不，能而。It's strangethat he didn't come. yesterday他昨天没来是很奇怪的。He didnt knowwhether to get married他or不知to道wait是现.在结婚还是等等再说。It is reportedthat the number of wild animals in .Africa is de

14、creasingThey haventdecidwhetherd to go there.他们or还not没决定去不去。It is saidthat there was a terrible plane crash. this morning巧记whether与if异同注意： It作形式主语和 it引导强调句的比较“whether与”“if都”可表“是否”，是常考内容。下面的顺口溜可帮你记住其异同。 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句it的连接主从表从同位if从不，用whether用；引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是that什。么被成强分调，都可

15、discuss和介词后whether，引宾从；部分指人时也who/whom可用。例如：不定式or、 not后面跟whether，独能显神通；a) It is a pity that youtgodidntosee the你film不去.看那场电影真可惜。宾从如是否定if句发，挥其功用；b) It doesntinterest me whether you succeed我对你成or功not与.否不感兴趣。避免歧义要慎重，其它情况可换用。c) It is in the morning that the murder谋杀案took是在place早上.发（生强的调。句型）d) It is John

16、that broke the是Johnwindow打碎的.窗（户强。调句型）五、各从句祥析（二）宾语从句（一）主语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，用作宾语的从句叫做宾语位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语it动代词替之，前或由形式主语而本身放在句子末尾。词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。(及通物常动放)词在或主介句谓语1. 主语从句位置放在主句谓语动词之前：词之后。Whether she will comeisstilloranotquestion她是否.会来仍是一个问题。1. 作动

17、词的宾语That they willis certaingo他们.去是肯定的。(1)由that引导的宾语(that从句通常可以省),略如：例I heardthat be joined the我听army说他.参军了。What he said at theastonishedmeeting everybody他在present会议上.的发言时所有入会者吃惊。2. 主要是为了平衡句子由结形构式，主it语代替而，从句本身放在句子用末it尾形。式主语的作(2)由what, whether引导(if)的宾语从句，例如：结构a) She did not whatknowhad happened.她不知道发

18、生了什么。（1）It is/was形+容词+that从句It s obvious 显that而易见b) I wonderwhether you can change this我想note知道for你是me否.能帮我改一下笔记It s natural that很自然(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：It s fortunate幸that运的是It s (im)possible（不）可能She toldthatme she would accept my她invitation对我说她会.接受我的邀请。It s unlikely that不可能It s strange奇that怪的是2. 作介词的宾

19、例语如，：（2）It is/was名+词+that从句It s a fact 事that实是Our success dependshow uponwell we can cooperate with我one们的another成功取决.于我It s a pity that遗憾的是们之间的合作。a mistake我恐怕.我已经犯了一个错误It s good news是好that消息It s a wonder不足that为奇3. 作形容词的宾例语如，：Iam afraid (that)vemadeIIt s an honour非that常荣幸It s a shame真是that可耻注意：that引导

20、的从句常跟在下列形容词anxious,后作宾语aware,： certain, confident,It s common knowledge是常识thatdetermined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,（3）It +不及物动+that词从句It happened碰that巧pleased, hurt, satisfied,等。content也可以将此类that词后从的句的看作原因状语从句。It seems that似乎I am not certainwhether I ha

21、ve met him我不before能肯定从.前是否见过他。It appears 看that来Itturns out that结果I'm sorrythat)( you're.你病ill了，我很难过。（4）It is/was过+去分+that词从句It s said that据说4.it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语（宾语从句）后置。It s not known不得that而知正如我们常it用当形式主语代替主语从我句们一也样常，充it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句It s reported据that报道It s decided尚that未决定把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子th

22、at中不。可在省这略种。结有构下中列几种It s believed据that认为It s announced据宣that布情况：It suddenly struck me (occurthat我to突me然想到（感觉到）（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, im（5）其他reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补it）作时形，式要宾用语。学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考We finditdifficult that we should finisht

23、he我发work现我on们按time时完成工作有困难news。，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，formation,She thinksitwrong that he didn't answer她认the为phone他不接电话是不对的。question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位that语，从whether句的外词，除还连词（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,等表“喜怒哀”乐的动词后，若要跟宾语从需句跟时形，式宾it。语有关系代what,词 whic

24、h, 以who,及关系副how词，when，where，why等。I hateit when people talk with theirl.我不mouths喜欢人们ful满口饭说话。1. 同位语从句的功同能位：语从句对于名词进一说步明解名释词，的具体一内般容由，that引导，I likeit that everyone passed都the通过exam了考试我很喜欢。例如：（3）由动词和介词构成的短语that动宾词语后从接句时，要用形式宾语。1) The kingdecisionthat the prisoner wouldsurprisedbesetfreeallthe people.We

25、 are thinkitngthatof we'll lend you some我正money在考虑借给你钱的事。2)The orderthat all the soldiers shouldisgivenstaybystheill general.I shall seeit thato he is taken good care of when.你不you在的are时候absent我负责把他照2.顾同位语在句子中的位置：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后好。开。例如：（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短”语的句型中。He gotthe newsfrom Marythat the s

26、ports meeting. was put offKeepit in mind that you have to be home.要记by住clock你ten得十o点钟之前回家。3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别We tookitfor granted that he would.我们认come为他来是当然的。(1)定语从句中that的既代替先行同词时，以在从句中作某（个主成语分或宾，语而）同位语从句5. 否定转移与省略中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（1）如果主句的谓语“动think,词是 consider, suppose, believe, expect

27、, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，同一位定语要从把句否是定名词词一性道的主，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。1) The newshethattold me is that Tom would go（abroad他告诉我next的消year息是.汤姆明年I dont thinkhecan do it better我than想他me不会.比我干得好。出国）。（第一个that引导的从句是定语that从在句

28、从，句中作宾语）I dont believehetreated the child我like相信that他不.会那样对待孩子的。2)The newsTomthatwould go abroad is（汤told姆将by出him国的.消息是）（他同讲位的语。从句，（2）如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,等guess,前有副reckon,词或表示imagine强that在句中不作任何成分）调的do, does,；did或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用（作3）插引入导语定中语。从这when句时的，where是关系

29、副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其候不用否定转移。先行词；而引导同位语when从，句where的是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分I really expectdidnshetsay that to我him确实.希望她不和他说那件事。与之含义相当的先行词。I think and hopewonthattbehedeceived by我the认man为也.希望他不会被那个人欺骗。 Gone forever are whenthedaysChinese people .were中国人bullied民受欺侮的时候一去不复（3）think, consider, suppose, believe

30、, expect, fancy,等此guess,类动词reckon,后，在简imagine略了答。(定语从句the， days与when构成含义相当的搭)配关系语中，用so替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定not的或宾not语从so句替，代用前I have no whenidea he will be.我不back知道他什么时候(同回位来语。从句idea，与when在含文整个从句。义上没有任何搭配)关系-I believe we've met somewhere我认为before我们从前在哪见过。基础题，没有，我认为我们以前没见过。1_he does has nothing to

31、do with me.-No I don't think soA. whateverB. No matter whatC.That D. If-Do you think it's going to rain over？你the认为weekend这周末会下雨吗？2.-I believenot我认为不会。The manager came over and asked the customer how_注意：hope只能说I hope not一种形式，因hope为不能否定转移。A. did the quarrel cameB about.thequarrel had come abo

32、ut（三）.表语从句3.C. had the quarrel comeD. abouthadthe quarrel come aboutEnergy is _makes thing work.表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句。”可以接表语从句的连系be,动look,词有 remain,等。seem另外，常用的the还reason有isA. what B. somethingC. anythingD. thatthat和It is because等结构。例如：4. Informationhasbeenput forward_moremiddl

33、eschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.1) The questionwhetheris we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) Thiswhyis we cantget the support .of the people5.A. while B. that C. when D. asThis is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.3) But the fact remainsthatwe are behind the other clas

34、ses.6.A. there B. in which C. where D. when4) The reason he is latethatfor schoolhemisised the early bus.They have no idea at all_.5）It lookedas if it was going. to snow7.A. where he hasBgone.where did heC. gowhich place has heD. wheregone has he gone）of itThe doctor did a lot etopatientreducesthfea

35、r _he would die of the disease.6 That'sbecause we never thought.A.that B. which C. of which D. of that（四）同位语从句.8.The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。fact它，一idea般，跟在抽象名词A. that ;had to leaveB.that; should leaveC./; must leaveD. when; should le

36、ave学习资料学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whetherD. It; whether7: _ we can find from the following, the number of students dropping out is going down.10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our res

37、earch.A. whatB. itC. asD. thatA. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. Is _he said really true?8: Will you see to _ you brother is OK at home while we are out on work.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. whetherA. this ifB. it thatC. it weatherD. that weather12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesn t mat

38、ter.9: To those scientists, it still remains to be a question _ man can go back to the old days with timeA. ThatB. WhetherC. IfD. Wheremachine.13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray.A. ifB. thatC. howD. weatherA. whileB. ifC. thatD. for10: When woken up, he found he was standing on _ se

39、emed to be a small piece of rock.14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. itA. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If12: -What about your TEFL test?15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.-I have answered all the questions, but

40、not sure _I could get a high enough score.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. IfA. whatB. ifC. whenD. why16. _you don t like him is none of my business.14: _the sports meet of our school is held is still not decided.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoD. HowA. WhatB. WhereC. IfD. That17._all the inventions have in common is

41、 _they have succeeded.16: Finally we arrived at _used to a battlefield.A. What; whatB. That; thatC. what; thatD. That ; whatA. whatB. whereC. where thereD. it18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.17: -It seems that he was succeeded at last in the USA.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That-B

42、ut you can never imagine _19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer.A. what a hard life he has experienced.B. what he has experienced a hard lifeA. believedB. thinkC. sayD. hopedC. he has experienced what a hard life.D. what a hard life has he experienced18: There is a common belief among them

43、 _rubbish can and should be put to good use.20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. whichB. ifC. whetherD. thatA. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where19: Human beings are different from animals _they can use language as a tool to communicate.强化题A. in whichB. in thatC. for thatD. for which1: They are teachers and don t realize _ to start compaandruny.20: _ David says sound right to Helen. That s why he has made up her mind to leave the matthim _