常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习

1、英语语法复习句子成分英语的句子中主要要这几种成分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。其中句子主干组成：主、谓、宾、表、补（组成五大基本句型）句子中的修饰成分：定语、状语（在句子中可增可减，去掉不影响句子的完整）主语（名词结构的词可做主语）1.名词School is over.Bread is made from flour.2代词He enjoys play ing tennis.She likes to watch TV on Sun days.3.the +形容The rich envy the happ in ess of the poor.词The beautiful lives forev

2、er.4. to+do 不定To keep early hours makes us healthy.式To see is to believe.5. doing 动名词Joggi ng is good for our health.Writi ng well requires much practice.6.名词短语How to solve the problem troubles me much.7.主语从句That the earth is round is known to every one.Why he resig ned is a mystery to me.It（ 形 式主语）

3、is obvious that he knowseverythi ng （主语从句）.、谓语（动词做句子的谓语，谓语往往有时态的变化）Be动词You are my best frie nd.You were right.Ihave bee n there before.系动词The flowers smell sweet.It tur ned blue.及物动词Igave her a bread.Ihave a dicti on ary.不及物动词The sun rises.Her mother left in a dark morning.动词短语He applied for a presi

4、tigious uni versity.We must look into the matter immediately.The student deals with a very difficult questi on.助动词+动词Ihave fini shed my work.Iwas helped by my teacher.Idon ' t know why it happened.He will come back tomorrow.情态动词+动词Imust lear n ano ther Ian guage.She has to con sider his opinion.

5、Iwould go to Mr. Smith for help.三、宾语（请注意：能做主语的词也能做宾语；及物动词有宾语，介 词后面也有宾语）1.名词He wrote a letter.I have a headache.2.代词He helped me in the work.Play ing tennis made him popular.3. the+形容词The rich should help the poor.The young should respect the old.4. to do不定式I want to go to the con cert.He likes to li

6、ste n to music.5. doing 动名词I don ' t mind getting wet.I enjoy watching a football game.6.名词短语I don ' t know how to swim.I decided what to buy.7.宾语从句I won der whe n he will come.Tell me why you came late.I thought that the bus had left.I don ' t know whether he will come or not.8.直接宾语和间接宾

7、语They told me（ 间）the news （直）.He showed me（间）how to do it （直）.9.同源宾语（许多不及 物动词可接 同源宾语）She lives a happy life.He slept a peaceful sleep.He dreamed a stra nge dream.四、补语（宾语补足语，对宾语进行解释说明，可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子）1.名词They elected him chairma n.The preside nt made him capta in.2.形容词Her boyfrie nd makes her sad.I foun

8、d the room empty.We keep the baby warm.3.形容词短语The girls made his table full of flowers.They believed it of no value.The teacher makes him consciousof hismistake.4.不定式The soldiers do not allow anyone to en ter.My sister asked me to go home.He helps me to get better grades.5.现在分词I watch the train leav

9、ing the station.I hear somebody laughi ng.I caught them smoki ng in school.6.过去分词He found his money stolen.I had my hair cut.He can' t make himself understood.7.名词从句（补语从句）Educati on has made him what he is today.He told his daughter what happe ned.His wife asked him which dress she should wear.五

10、、表语（放在系动词之后，对主语进行说明的成分就是表语）1.名词His n ame is Sam.She is a teacher.2.代词The victim is her.The doctor is him.3.形容词Fast food is popular.She looks happy.Leaves tur ned red in fall.4.不定式The best way is to let him stay in his room.Our pla n is to finish the work.5.动名词His great pleasure in life is traveli ng

11、.My hobby is grow ing flowers.My favorite sport is play ing tennis.6.现在分词（本身的特征）The dog is frighte ning.The city life is excit ing.The book is bori ng.7.过去分词（事物所处状态）Her pare nts weresatisfied with her schoolreport.The dog is frighte ned.I feel bored.8.介词短语The patient is out of danger.She is in the r

12、oom.The house is on fire.9.名词短语The questi on is what to do now.10.表语从句My opinion is that you must go right away.This is what he said.That' s why I want to work here.句子修饰成分：定语、状语六、定语：（主要用于修饰主语和宾语的形容词结构，也可理解为修 饰名词的形容词结构，限定词，单个形容词，现在分词和过去分词一 般放在名词左边；形容词短语、不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短 语、介词短语、定语从句和同位语从句一般放在名词右边）

13、1.形容词Adilige nt stude nt will succeed.Let me tell you something interesting.2.单个分词The wounded passengers were carried to a hospital at on ce.The sleep ing baby must have a sweet dream.3.介词短语Hotels around the beach area are booked to capacity in summer.The tree in front of the house makes the house c

14、ool.People in the world play basketball.4.不定式The best way to communicate with a foreigneris to make him laugh.I have a big family to support.He is always the first to come.5.现在分词短语A manweari ng a gree n uni form delivers letters to our com muni ty.They built a highway leading to the mountains.Wemet

15、a group of pupils returning from school.6.过去分词短语En glish is not the Ian guage spoke n in thatarea.The speaker answered all the questions raisedby the audie nee.This is a book written by a famous novelist.7.形容词短语En glish is a lang uage easy to lear n.He gave me a basket full of eggs.These are the boo

16、ks availablein thislibrary.8.定语从句She took away everything thatbelongs to her.The man who you met just now is my uncle.I like musieians who can play different kindsof music.9.同位语从The news that he is stillalive is reallyen couragi ng.I don ' t believe the fact that he lied to hismother._七、状语（用于修饰动

17、词的副词或者相当于副词的结构）1.副词They played happily n ear their house.I barely know you.Basically,you can buy everything you canthi nk of in a supermarket.2.介词短语She was trembli ng with fear.I have to go to sleep after 10.In short, I have done my best.3.不定式短语I must get up early to catch the first train.To get bet

18、ter grades, we n eed to study hard.4.分词结构Knowing the difficulties, he still sticks tohis goal.Defeated by their enemies, they withdrew intothe valley.Seen from the top, the mountain is a sea oftrees.5.状语从句Un less it rai ns tomorrow, I will go swimmi ng.When she comes, I shall tell her to wait foryou

19、.If you don ' t have a good comma nd of En glishgrammar, you won ' t write good English.He was punished because he didn ' t obey the regulatio ns.Although he has a lot of money, he is unhappy.It looks as if it is going to rain.Practice:请指出下面文章的句子成分America ns today have differe nt eati ng

20、 habits. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, america n purchase in creas ing qua ntities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determ ines the w

21、ay they eat.America n lifestyles have cha nged. There are now grow ing nu mbers of people who live alone. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend pre