国际结算方式

1、CH02 Instruments of CH02 Instruments of International SettlementInternational Settlement国际结算的支付工具国际结算的支付工具金融教研室金融教研室崔文芳崔文芳金融金融学院学院Agenda 2.1 流通票据概述 2.2 Bill of Exchange汇票 2.3 Promissory Note本票 2.4 Check支票 2.5 Case案例分析The key words Bill of exchange 汇票 promissory note 本票 Cheque 支票 Negotiability 流通性 no

2、n-causative nature无因性 Right to be paid 设权性 presentment 提示性 Requisites in form 要式性 return-ability返还性 Drawer 出票人 drawee受票人 payer付款人 Payee收款人 tenor付款期限 issue 出票 In words and in figure 大小写2.1 Overview of 2.1 Overview of Negotiable InstrumentsNegotiable Instruments流通票据概述流通票据概述123The process of talking ab

3、out business between the sellers and the buyers. 谈判谈判The purchase by a bank of bills of exchange from an exporter in settlement. 议付议付The transfer of a negotiable instrument to another party. 流通转让流通转让What is negotiable instrument?流通票据定义Documents（单据） are playing more and more important roles in intern

4、ational settlement because payments are made against documents rather than the actual goods.Board meaning of document广义单据权利凭证权利凭证可以凭借其享受金钱或是货物的法定占有权Commercial documentsFinancial documents代表货物所有权代表资金的收取权或是资金支付的责任Narrow meaning of document:（bill)Promissory noteBill of exchangechequeWhat is negotiable

5、instrument? Understanding negotiable instrument from words meaning Negotiable（流通） 可以凭借交付（delivery)或是背书后交付（delivery with endorsement)来将权利完全进行转让 Instrument Written legal document（书面的合法文件） Simple definition Written legal document which can be transferred from one person to another by delivery or by del

6、ivery and endorsement（背书） In china, negotiable instrument only refer to bill of exchange, promissory note and check(cheque).What is negotiable instrument?Promissory Note for GBP 800London, 8th Sept., 2003At 60 days after dateWe promise to payBeijing Arts and Crafts Corp. or orderThe sum of Eight hun

7、dred pounds onlyFor Bank of Europe, LondonsignedDrawn under THE HOKKAIDO TAKUSHOKU BANK LTD TOKYOL/C NO. 264-510 Dated 1996 .11.30 payable with interest _%_No. CS96-061 Exchange for Shanghai, China DEC.31,1999 At _Sight of this FIRST of Exchange (Second of Exchange being unpaid)Pay to the order Ours

8、elves the sum of US DOLLARS EIGHT THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FORTY NINE ONLYBill of ExchangeUSD8549.00To the name and address of issuing bank the name and signature of the seller. 补充：Chief Features of Negotiable Instruments票据的特性 Non-causative nature 无因性Negotiability流通性Requisite in Form要式性Presentment提示性Ri

9、ght to be paid 设权性Return-ability返还性Non-causative Nature无因性accepting the instruments without investigating or questioning票据是无因证券，不必追究原因的证券 Once the instrument is issued, rights on the instrument and reasons why instruments are created are separated, independent to each other.（票据一旦做成，票据上权利即与其原因分离，成为独立

10、的票据债权债务关系，不受先前原因关系存在与否的影响。） 持票人不必说明其取得票据的原因持票人不必说明其取得票据的原因 Reasons to issue instrument(basic relationship of instrument) Capital relationship 资金关系 Drawer deposits money in payer(bank) Payer agree to give money to drawer Value relationship 对价关系 Commodity transaction Funds lending and borrowing Servic

11、e providingExample:A将钱存到将钱存到B银行处，银行处，A从从C处购买商品，处购买商品，A随后出随后出具了一张票据给具了一张票据给C，在票据上要求，在票据上要求B付款给付款给C; C 将该票据转将该票据转让给了让给了D，因为，因为C之前曾经向之前曾经向D借过一笔钱；借过一笔钱；D将该票据又由将该票据又由于与于与E的某些对价关系转让给了的某些对价关系转让给了E；到期时；到期时E要求要求B进行付款进行付款；B在与在与A有票据付款协议的情况下，不得询问有票据付款协议的情况下，不得询问E获得票据的获得票据的原因，并应对原因，并应对E进行付款。进行付款。Deposit of A-+CD

12、EBAcapitalrelationshipvaluerelationshipDraw aninstrumentOrder to payPay to ERight to Be Paid设权性通过对票据的操作来设定由票据表现的权利责任 票据出具的目的不是为了证明已经存在的权利和责任，而是为了设定一些通过票据来表现的权利和责任。Company A(Importer)Company B(exporter)Company C(payer)Machine equipment100,000USDAgree to pay with negotiable instrumentSome special rela

13、tionship100,000USDRequisite in FormRequisite in Form要式性要式性 the form of instruments should keep up with law. Only those accordance with law can be protected.票据的形式以及各记载事项必须符合法律规定 要式不要因Usually the following necessary items:The name of a negotiable instrument.Unconditional promise or order to payA fixed

14、 amount of money Names of the drawer, the payee and the draweeThe signature of the drawer, etc.NegotiabilityNegotiability流通性流通性 The full legal title to the instrument can be transferred by delivery with endorsement or only by direct delivery .票据权利依背书或直接交付的方式转让ABCgoodsdebit票据票据票据的债务人不得以自己与出票人或持票人的前手之

15、间的抗辩事由对抗持票人。（票据法票据法第第1313条第条第1 1款）款）张三李四王五赵六周七受胁迫还赌债未履约贸易要求付款XNegotiabilityNegotiability流通性流通性Presentment 提示性 当持票人请求执行票据权利时，必须要出示票据给责任人，并且要在票据付款到期日来临后的有限时限内。 出示票据是为了证明其确实具有票据的正当权利，票据是书面文件，不是口头（oral）协议 一旦票据提示未在有效期内进行，那么持票人就会失去票据票款请求权和对票据前手的追索权。Return-ability 返还性 一旦票据上的付款人（ payer）完成了全部票款的正当支付，那么持票人就必须

16、在票据正面进行签字并将票据归还给付款人。 归还的票据是用来证明付款人已经付过款项和作为报销凭证，有的票据可以开具一式几联的，例如汇票。 自此，该票据不能再进入流通领域流通，该票据的编号将会被注销掉（discharge). 19971997年年8 8月，某市月，某市A A公司与新加坡公司与新加坡B B商签订了一份进口胶合板的合同。合同总金商签订了一份进口胶合板的合同。合同总金额为额为700700万美元，万美元，支付方式为付款交单支付方式为付款交单，允许分批装运允许分批装运。第一批价值为第一批价值为6060万美元的胶合板准时到货，质量良好，对双方合作很满意。就在第二批交货期来万美元的胶合板准时到货

17、，质量良好，对双方合作很满意。就在第二批交货期来临之际，临之际，B B商向商向A A公司提出：鉴于贵公司资金周转困难，为了帮助公司提出：鉴于贵公司资金周转困难，为了帮助贵方，我方允许贵公司采取远期付款贵方，我方允许贵公司采取远期付款。 贵公司作为买方，可以贵公司作为买方，可以给我方开出一张见票后一年付款给我方开出一张见票后一年付款700700万美元的汇票，请中国人万美元的汇票，请中国人民建设银行某市分行承兑。民建设银行某市分行承兑。承兑后，我方保证将承兑后，我方保证将700700万美元的胶合板在一万美元的胶合板在一年内交货。贵方全部收货后，再付给我方年内交货。贵方全部收货后，再付给我方7007

18、00万美元的货款。万美元的货款。A A公司以为现在不付款，公司以为现在不付款，只开张远期票据就可得到货物在国内市场销售，于是欣然接受了只开张远期票据就可得到货物在国内市场销售，于是欣然接受了B B商的建议，给商的建议，给B B商商签发了一张见票后一年付款签发了一张见票后一年付款700700万美元的汇票。但万美元的汇票。但A A公司始料不及的是，公司始料不及的是，B B商将这张商将这张承兑了的远期票据在新加坡的美国银行贴现承兑了的远期票据在新加坡的美国银行贴现600600万美元。从此却一张胶合板都不交万美元。从此却一张胶合板都不交给给A A公司。事实上，公司。事实上，B B商将这笔巨款骗到手后便

19、无影无踪了。商将这笔巨款骗到手后便无影无踪了。一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据请建行某市分行一年后，新加坡的美国银行持这张承兑了的远期票据请建行某市分行付款。付款。尽管尽管B B商没有交货，某市分行却不得以此为理由拒绝向善商没有交货，某市分行却不得以此为理由拒绝向善意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。意持票人美国银行支付票据金额。最后，由于本案金额巨大，报请最后，由于本案金额巨大，报请国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给美国银行国务院批准，由建行某市分行付给美国银行600600万美元而结案。万美元而结案。Case 2-1: Case 2-1: 利用承兑汇票诈骗利用承兑汇票诈骗案情介绍：Que

20、stion:Question:Why did the seller require that the bill Why did the seller require that the bill must be accepted?must be accepted?By which feature of the bill did the seller By which feature of the bill did the seller defraud?defraud?If the money can not be found back, who If the money can not be f

21、ound back, who will assume the loss?will assume the loss?案例分析：案例分析： 对于这张远期票据，对于这张远期票据，A A公司为出票人，公司为出票人，B B商为收款商为收款人，建行某市分行为付款人。人，建行某市分行为付款人。A A公司与公司与B B商之间的胶合商之间的胶合板买卖合同是该票据的原因关系，使得板买卖合同是该票据的原因关系，使得A A公司愿意向公司愿意向B B商开立这张汇票。商开立这张汇票。 A A公司曾经向建行某市分行提供了资金，它们之公司曾经向建行某市分行提供了资金，它们之间的这种资金关系使得建行某市分行愿意向间的这种资金关

22、系使得建行某市分行愿意向A A公司提供公司提供信用，承兑了这张远期汇票。信用，承兑了这张远期汇票。 美国银行与美国银行与B B商之间有对价关系，美国银行善意商之间有对价关系，美国银行善意地付了地付了600600万美元的对价而受让，从而成为这张汇票的万美元的对价而受让，从而成为这张汇票的善意持票人。善意持票人。 案例分析：案例分析： 但票据的最大特点就是，票据法律关系一经形成，但票据的最大特点就是，票据法律关系一经形成，即与基础关系相分离。票据基础关系的存在和有效与即与基础关系相分离。票据基础关系的存在和有效与否并不对善意持票人的票据权利而产生影响。所以，否并不对善意持票人的票据权利而产生影响。

23、所以，B B商实际上没有交货，或者商实际上没有交货，或者A A公司并没有足够的美元存在公司并没有足够的美元存在建行，都不影响美国银行对承兑人的付款请求权。建行，都不影响美国银行对承兑人的付款请求权。 对美国银行来说，这张票据上并没有写胶合板，只对美国银行来说，这张票据上并没有写胶合板，只有一句话：有一句话：“见票后一年付见票后一年付700700万美元万美元”。票据法律关。票据法律关系应依票据法的规定加以解决，票据基础关系则应以系应依票据法的规定加以解决，票据基础关系则应以民法规定加以解决。民法规定加以解决。 B B商正是利用了票据的无因性才行骗得逞的。商正是利用了票据的无因性才行骗得逞的。2.

24、2 Bill of Exchange2.2 Bill of Exchange汇票汇票Exchange for US $ 35,000.00 Shanghai, April 2, 2007At 60 days sight, pay to the order the Bank of ChinaThe sum of US Dollars Thirty-five Thousand only.Value received （对价已付）To: The CitibankNew York, U.S.A. For: China National Chemicals Import & Export Cor

25、poration, S.B. SignatureDefinition of Bill of Exchange A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in

26、 money, to, or to the order of, a specified person, or to bearer. In a simple words, a bill of exchange or draft is a three-party instrument that is an unconditional written order by one party that orders the second party to pay money to a third party. 汇票是由出票人向另一人签发的要求即期、定期或在可以确定的将来时间向指定人或根据其指令向来人无条

27、件支付一定金额的书面命令。 An unconditional order in writing I order you to pay me for something I have sold youSellerBuyerorderto pay= in black & white addressed by one party, the drawer to another, the drawee drawerdraweeDefinition of Bill of Exchange signed by the party giving it(drawer)Wenfang, Cui, the

28、manager requiring the party(drawee) to whom it is addressed To: HWT Incorporation to pay on demand or at sightor at a fixed or determinable future time At 60 days (after) sightAt 60-day (after) dateOn November, 1st 2003At 90 days after B/L, etcDefinition of Bill of Exchange a sum certain in money US

29、D52,000US dollar Fifty Two Thousand only to, or to the order of, a specified person or to the bearer Pay to Dafeng CorporationPay to the order of Dafeng CorporationPay to Dafeng Corporation or orderPay to bearer , when transferred , need not endorsementNameOf payeeSpecifiedPayeeTransferableDefinitio

30、n of Bill of Exchange Exchange for US $ 5000.00票据名称Shanghai April 2, 2007 出票地点出票日期At 6days (after )sight付款时间pay to无条件支付命令The order the Bank of China收款人the sum of US Dollars Thirty-five thousand only金额To: the CItibank New York, U.S.A.付款人/ 受票人For xxx Compay, Ltd.Wenfang Cui, manager卖方/出票人签字职务 1. Essen

31、tial items 按照日内瓦统一汇票、本票法公约规定，汇票应具备的几个必要项目是： The word “exchange” An unconditional order Name and the signature of the drawer Name and address of the drawee Date and place of issue Name of the payee Tenor Place of payment A fixed amount of moneyThe word “bill of exchange”“exchange ”or “draft” E.g “ Ex

32、change for US $ 35,000.00” or “Draft for 100 USD” The purpose of indicating this word on a bill of exchange is to distinguish a bill from other kinds of negotiable instrument such as promissory notes or cheques.An unconditional order in writingAn unconditional order in writing Must be in writing, in

33、cluding printed（印刷的） and typewritten（打字机打印的）. Oral expression is invalid. Should be imperative（祈使语气）, not subjunctive mood（虚拟语气/请求）. Without any restriction or condition.项目有效表示无效表示无条件支付命令1.Pay to _；(imperative)2.Please pay to _；3.D/P(D/A), Drawn against shipment of 20bales of cotton from Guangzhou t

34、o Hong Kong for collection;4. Drawn under L/C No.123 issued by Bank, New York, dated 12, November, 2004；5. Pay to Robert Brown the sum of one hundred pounds and debit our account No.1 with you.1.I will be very pleased/ delighted if you pay to _;2.I beg you to pay to _;请求1.Pay to _ if the goods they

35、supplied are complied with contract No.123;2.Pay to _ providing the goods arrived at destination before 21, October;3.Pay to _ when the ship Dongfeng reaches the port of New York.4. Pay to _ out of the proceeds in our No. 456 account. 有条件The same would be true if payment was made conditional upon th

36、e happening of a future uncertain event.如果以某一将来不确定事件的发生作为付款的先决条件，也同样使汇票无效。e.g. Pay US$400 to Mary Hawkins 30 days after her marriage to John SmithEven the subsequent happening of the event does not make the bill valid. 即使后来发生的事件也不能使汇票有效。 Pay to A Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds only

37、. I should be pleased if you pay to the order of B Company the sum of five thousand pounds only. Pay to A Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds only providing the goods supplied in compliance with contract Pay to A Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds from our account No.1 wit

38、h you. Pay to Robert Brown the sum of one hundred pounds and debit our account No.1 with you. Pay to A Company or order the sum of five thousand pounds only for value received.Drawers signatureDrawers signature Serve as a means of authenticating a bill of exchange Other acceptable signature: In the

39、form of a trade name 贸易公司的名称 A corporations seal 公司的图章 For/On behalf of XX Company authorized signature, job titleThe importance of the date of issue?The importance of the date of issue?1. It can be used to determine the expiry date. for example, the validity period for a sight bill should be “one y

40、ear from the date of issue”.2. It can be used to calculate the paying date for example, a bill is payable at 30 days after date.3. It can be used to judge whether the drawer has the lawful ability to issue the bill.Three different ways of writing the payee : Restricted order 限制性抬头限制性抬头( 不得转让他人）不得转让他

41、人） “pay to Liming only.” “Pay to Liming not transferable.” “Pay to Liming.” plus “Not Transferable” on the face of the bill. Demonstrative order 指示性抬头（必须依背书而转指示性抬头（必须依背书而转让）让） “Pay to Liming. or order.” “Pay to the order of Liming” “Pay Liming.” There are no words like “Not Transferable” on the face

42、 of the bill Payable to bearer 来人抬头（可以仅依交付或交托来人抬头（可以仅依交付或交托而转让，无须背书）而转让，无须背书） 我国不承认此种票据。我国不承认此种票据。 “Pay bearer.” “Pay A Co. or bearer.” Payable on demand见票即付“ at sight” “ on demand” “on presentation” Payable at a fixed time after sight见票后定期付款 “30 days after sight” “three months after sight”Exchange

43、for USD 1 000.00 New York 20 Dec., 2004At sight pay to ourselves or order the sum of US dollars one thousand only. Exchange for USD 1 000.00 New York 20 Dec., 2004At 2 months after sight pay to ourselves or order the sum of US dollars one thousand only. Payable at a fixed time after date出票后定期付款 Paya

44、ble on a fixed future time在未来固定日期付款 “60 days after bill of lading date”Exchange for USD 1 000.00 New York 20 Dec., 2004At 20 days after date pay to ourselves or order the sum of US dollars one thousand only. Exchange for USD 1 000.00 New York 20 Dec., 2004At 60 days after bill of lading date pay to

45、ourselves or order the sum of US dollars one thousand only. 远期汇票到期日计算A sum certain in moneyA sum certain in money汇票金额汇票金额 必须是确定无疑的金额. 表达上不允许使用“about” or “or so”来表示金额. 必须要用大小写来标注（in words and in figure) 必须用货币来表示而非某项物品（goods）或服务 E.g. “pay to the order of Mary White the sum of fifty pounds and give her

46、 a suit of clothes” is not accepted as bill of exchange.项目有效表示无效表示一定金额货币1.Payable at USD three hundred only.2. Payable at USD three hundred plus interest at 5% p.a. (from the date hereof to the date of payment)3.Payable at USD three hundred by three equal consecutive monthly installment. 1.the sum o

47、f about one thousand USD.2.the sum of circa（大约） one thousand USD.3.The sum of one thousand USD or two thousand USD.金额无法确定4.Pay to the order of _ the sum of one thousand US dollars plus interest.缺利率和计息时间5. Pay to the order of _ the sum of one thousand US dollars by installments（分期付款）.缺付款次数和每次付款时间 The

48、 amount certain in money must be clearly expressed in both words and figures, and the two amounts must the same. If there is a discrepancy between the sums in words and figures, 1.The sum in words will be used as the amount of the bill.(英国票据法）2.The bill will be invalid.（中国票据法）3.The smaller amount wi

49、ll be used（大陆法系）案情： A银行向B银行开出不可撤销信用证，受益人交单后B银行通过快递将单据寄交A银行，A银行审单后发现下述不符点，对外拒付。汇票上小写金额为USD905 000.00，大写金额为HONG KONG DOLLARS NINE HUNDRED AND FIVE THOUSAND ONLY，金额不一致。 收到A银行的拒付电后，B银行认为所述不符点仅是打字手误，非实质性不符点。 1930年6月7日日内瓦统一汇票本票法公约第二章第一节第6条规定：“汇票上以文字表明的金额与以数字表明的金额不符时，应以文字金额为准。”“汇票金额以文字或数字记载在一次以上，而先后有不符时，其较

50、小数额为付款数额。” 国际汇票和国际本票公约（草案）第二章第二节第7条（1）款规定：”票据上以文字表明的金额与以数字表明的金额不符时，应以文字金额为准。“ 本案例中，汇票票面金额同时以文字及数字记载，文字金额即大写金额为HONG KONG DOLLARS NINE HUNDRED AND F I V E T H O U S A N D O N LY ， 数 字 金 额 即 小 写 金 额 为USD905,000.00两者不一致，根据上述规定，开证行只能按文字金额即大写金额照付。分析：启示： 实际票据操作业务中，须严格按照大小写金额一致的原则处理票据事务。消除侥幸心理，避免不必要的麻烦。倘收受的

51、票据确遭遇大小写金额不一致，则票据事务的处理应严格按照票据法执行。（一）成套汇票（一）成套汇票 (A Set of Bill)(A Set of Bill) 注明只付其中一张，其余各张不付。例如： Pay this first bill of exchange (second of the same tenor and date being unpaid) to 俗称“付一不付二”。如拿第二张汇票提示，可注明“付二不付一”。（二）需要时的受托处理人（二）需要时的受托处理人 (Referee in Case of need)(Referee in Case of need)（三）担当付款行（三）

52、担当付款行 (A Banker Designated as Payer)(A Banker Designated as Payer)（四）用其他货币付款（四）用其他货币付款 (Payable in other currency)(Payable in other currency)（五）提示期限（五）提示期限 (Limit of time for presentment)(Limit of time for presentment)（六）免作退票通知（六）免作退票通知(Notice of Dishonor)(Notice of Dishonor)或放弃拒绝证书或放弃拒绝证书(Protest)(

53、Protest)（七）无追索权（七）无追索权 (Without Recourse) (Without Recourse) 2. 汇票的其他记载项目 Fill in the following blank forms according to the given requisite items: date: 23 July, 200X amount: USD 35,000 tenor: At 30 days after sight drawer: George Anderson Inc., New York drawee: Irving Trust Co., New York payee: Br

54、own and Thomas Inc. or order ExerciseExercise练习练习.A(drawer)B(payee)(endorser)C(endorsee)(endorser)DE(guarantor)X(drawee/payer)(acceptor)Primary debtorSecondary debtorOnly creditor(holder)(endorsee)汇票的当事人The holders perfect titleThe holders perfect title持票人的权利持票人的权利 To duly present the bill for accep

55、tance or payment;到期提示要求承兑或付款 To transfer a bill to other persons;将票据转让 To endorse a bill;背书票据 To give notice of dishonor to his prior parties;向前手发出退票通知 To sue in his own name when dishonored当退票时以自己的名义起诉 To duplicate the lost bill （挂失） To cross check or bankers demand draft, and to deliver it to a ba

56、nk for collection.对支票和银行即期汇票划线，并交给银行托收。Holder for value付对价持票人drawerA1draftpayeeB2give it asa giftFriend C3sell holderD4presentdraweeEholder for value只要汇票是付对价出票，那么收款人之后的所有当事人 都是holders for value5refuse6recourserecourse?7recourse追索Holder in due course正当持票人Holder in due courseHolder in due course Holde

57、r in due course 正当持票人的条件正当持票人的条件 Must meet the following requirement: Complete and regular on its face (contain all essential items required by the local law.票面完整合规 Taken before maturity到期前取得; Taken in good faith and for value善意取得并支付对价; Taken without notice of its previous dishonor and without notic

58、e of any infirmity on the bill or defect in the title of the person negotiating it.没有注意到之前的退票并且没有得到票面存在问题或转让人权利瑕疵的通知Acceptor for honor参加承兑人drawer1远期汇票payee2背书转让holderA3转让 holderB4提示承兑drawee5拒绝承兑6追索追索Acceptor forHonour参加承兑7承兑他可能是被参加承兑人（收款人）的债权人或总公司，想要保护 收款人信誉。drawer1draftpayee2endorseendorsee/endorse

59、r3endorseholder4present it for paymentdraweeGuarantor保证人 在票据流通过程中，每个当事人都可以寻求担保人。担保人承担 的责任与被担保人相同。A guarantor may guarantee for担保通常写在汇票正面（中国习惯写在背面） GUARANTEEDfor a/c of (被担保人 的名字)Guarantor(担保人) 担保人签字 PER AVALgiven for (被担保人 的名字)signed by (担保人 的名字) dated on( 日期)PAYMENT GUARANTEEDsigned by (担保人名字)此种写法通

60、常写在票据背面如果没有写被担保人 ，付款人被视为被担保人。如果票据正面出现一个名字，而这个人又不是出票人/受票人/付款人，此人则被视为担保人。请不要随便将自己的名字写在汇票上。1指能产生票据债权债务关系的要式的法律行为。票据行为 票据行为的特性票据行为的特性 独立性 同一票据上的多个票据行为彼此独立生效。 票据上无行为能力人或限制行为能力人签章的无效不影响其他签章的效力。 票据上签章的伪造对其他真正签章的效力不发生影响。 被保证的债务即使无效，保证人仍然要承担保证责任。 连带性 汇票的出票人、背书人、承兑人、保证人对持票人承担连带责任。持票人可以不按汇票债务人的先后顺序，对其中的任何一人、数人或者全体行使追索