自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料

1、自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料Lesson One China in the Market Place 一、术语： manufactured goods 制成品 capital equipment 资本货物 balance of payments 国际收支 current account 经常项目 visible trade account 有形贸易项目 invisible trade account 无形贸易项目 trade surplus 贸易顺差 trade deficit 贸易逆差 barter 易货贸易 compensation trade 补偿贸易 counter-trade 反向贸

2、易 assembly manufacturing 组装生产 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税 joint venture 合资企业 deferred payment 延期付款 buyer credit 买方信贷 supplier credit 卖方信贷 soft loan 软贷款 （低息贷款） MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇 PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系 NI: National Incom

3、e 国民收入 GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值 GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值 IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行 IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会 IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司 OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developme

4、nt 经济合作和发展组织 BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行 EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 EU: European Union 欧洲联盟 FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资 二、词语释义： exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化 disrupt: interrupt 中断 in the wake of: following 继之后 breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析 buoyant:

5、 brisk 上扬的，增产的 run-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent 在范围之内 bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress 三、句子翻译： Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has ca

6、used imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy. 官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。 The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China"s determination to introduce foreign technology

7、 by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an in

8、adequate transport network and energy constraints许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。 外刊经贸知识选读的串讲资料（二）！ Lesson two The Curtain Goes up 一、术语： The special Economic Zone 经济特区 a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士 infrastruct

9、ure 基础设施 capital stock 实际资本 consumer goods 消费品 preferential tax rate 优惠税率 cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业 ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）经济技术开发区 entrepreneurship 企业家精神 means of production 生产资料 stock-taking 评估 二、词语释义： in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的 showpiece: a pri

10、me or outstanding example 典范 pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦 from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始 grassroots: basic level 基层 the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定 in the driver"s seat: in the dominant position 三、句子翻译： In the SEZs, which are being

11、built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates. 在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。 So, while comprehensive framework

12、 for the country"s modernization has been provided by the central committee"s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way. 因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10

13、月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。 Lesson Three Beijing Rising 一、术语： economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国 commercial hub 商业活动中心 Per capita 人均 Gross National Product 国民生产总值 punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税 securities 有价证券 real estate market 房地产市场 “ Greater China”trade bloc

14、 “大中华”贸易集团 conglomerate 跨行业公司 consortium 国际财团 二、词语释义： jockey: move is bustling with: is filled with giddy: dizzy; euphoric farfetched: improbable; incredible clear: earn a net profitdeal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; repri

15、sal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻译： With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China"s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. Be

16、ijing has cut this year"s growth target from 10 to 8.5 per cent, in an effort to keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated. Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 一、术语： centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济 market economy

17、 市场经济 disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策 deflation 通货紧缩 short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 commodity market 商品市场 nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价 constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价 business cycle 商业周期 weighted average 加权平均数 hard currencies 硬通货 fiscal adjustment 财政调整 portfolio inves

18、tment 有价证券投资 market diversification 市场多元化 tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策 exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值 accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策 yield curve 收益曲线 per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系 GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ G

19、DP 平减指数） CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会 LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率 二、词语释义： in a row: in succession easing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movement underlying: being at the basis of slackening: slowing of speed compound: worsen moderate inf

20、lation: ease inflation robust: strong and healthy setbacks: frustrations slump: depression edge down: move slowly down depreciation: devaluation spike: abrupt increase pick-up: recovery rein in: control bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （ 止跌回升） 三、句子翻译： Although the weaknes

21、s in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest ratesa positive development for many developing countriesit also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoy

22、ant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements. Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen 一、术语：

23、 trade representative 贸易谈判代表 government procurement 政府采购 NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定 trade sanctions 贸易制裁 trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物 二、词语释义： tough: uncompromising （不妥协的，强硬的） discrimination: unfair treatment sanctions: penalty escalate: develop; intensify frictions: conflict

24、s procurement: purchase be bullied into doing: be forced to do is awake to: is conscious of amenable to: responsive to a ragged start: a poor start 三、句子翻译： Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the worl

25、d"s fragile economies. Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.” In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and wa

26、lked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. 外刊经贸知识选读的串讲资料（三）！ Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 一、术语： centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济 market economy 市场经济 disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政

27、策 deflation 通货紧缩 short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 commodity market 商品市场 nominal (dollar) terms 名义（美元）价 constant (dollar) terms 不变（美元）价 business cycle 商业周期 weighted average 加权平均数 hard currencies 硬通货 fiscal adjustment 财政调整 portfolio investment 有价证券投资 market diversification 市场多元化 tight credit po

28、licy 紧缩的信贷政策 exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值 accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策 yield curve 收益曲线 per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系 GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（ GDP 平减指数） CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assi

29、stance 经互会 LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率 二、词语释义： in a row: in succession easing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movement underlying: being at the basis of slackening: slowing of speed compound: worsen moderate inflation: ease inflation robust: strong and healthy setback

30、s: frustrations slump: depression edge down: move slowly down depreciation: devaluation spike: abrupt increase pick-up: recovery rein in: control bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （ 止跌回升） 三、句子翻译： Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline i

31、n short-term dollar interest ratesa positive development for many developing countriesit also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evi

32、dence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements. 外刊串讲（四） Lesson Six Economic Troubles Cloud New Market"s Future 一、术语： the single market 统一大市场 Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫

33、特条约 barrier-free market 无壁垒市场 free-trade zone 自由贸易区 referendum 公民复决投票 merger 兼并 budget cuts 预算削减 political and economic integration 政治经济一体化 deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化 二、词语释义： big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果） sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reaction be bursting

34、to: be eager to （迫不及待地 ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不绝地谈论） translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻译： Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the worl

35、d"s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history"s bloodiest wars. But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe. One of the central justifications for the single market w

36、as its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.Lesson Seven Japan Says No 一、术语： free trade 自由贸易 trade sanctions 贸易制裁 fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划 managed trade 管理贸易 trade balance 贸易差额 multilateral rules 多边规则 ec

37、onomic cycle 经济周期 budget deficit 预算赤字 trade reprisals 贸易报复 二、词语释义： draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度） die down: disappear gradually foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates capitulate to: yield to thrust: principal concern or objective geared to: ad

38、justed to take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously export-driven: export-led; export-oriented in due course: at the right time cave in to: give in to 三、句子翻译： Its policy is to open some

39、 Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targetsan approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead

40、to a trans-Pacific confrontation. In addition to the customary dry analysis, this year"s edition will put Japan"s side of an argument that has, until now, been dominated by American and European critiques. It follows another MITI report, published this week, that takes America, the Europea

41、n Community and other large trading partners to task for their “unfair trading practices”. 外刊串讲（五） Lesson Eight Here Comes Korea, Inc. 一、术语： Silicon Valley 硅谷 state-of-the-art technology 最先进的技术 microprocessor 微信息处理机 dumping 倾销 licensor 转让人 insolvency 无偿还能力 market forces 市场力量 a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国

42、家 fledgling industries 新兴工业 nouveau riche 暴发户 brain trust 智囊团 technocrat 技术专家治国论者 tax breaks 减税；税额优惠 bankruptcy 破产 xenophobia 排外；对外国人恐惧或仇视 二、词语释义： delve into: make researches into is poised for: is ready for churn out: produce in large quantities clout: influence; power be lost on: fail to influence

43、 or attract the attention of edge: advantage upset one"s apple cart: spoil one"s plan house of cards: a structure, plan or situation which is too badly arranged to succeed 不可*的计划或体制 the lion"s share: the largest portion curb money market: a market for trading in securities not listed

44、on a stock exchange 场外证券交易市场 三、句子翻译： Their often helter-skelter expansion has created monopolies in many industries and resulted in widespread inefficiency; some companies are run by managers whose qualifications are limited to their family ties to the founder. And because most of this expansion has

45、 been financed through borrowed money, the chaebol have grown increasingly vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate. As a Western banker in Seoul bluntly puts it: “It"s a house of cards.” The challenge for Chun is to rein in the chaebol without damaging their absolutely e

46、ssential contribution to the Korean economy - and without stepping on the toes of the chaebol"s enormously powerful chieftains. Lesson Nine Prosperity Persists in the UAE 一、术语： GCC (Gulf Co-operation Council) 海湾合作委员会 sovereignty dispute 主权争端 Ramadan 斋月 carbon tax 双重税 surcharge 附加税 OPEC （ Organi

47、zation of Petroleum Exporting Countries ）石油输出国组织 tenders 招标 reexports 再出口；复出口 certificate of origin 原产地证明书 loss leader philosophy 亏本招徕方式 二、词语释义： add weight to one"s voice: add to one"s influence head off: prevent be forthright about: be straightforward about is riding high on: is having gr

48、eat success spin-off: derived effect; by-product 副效应；副产品 show teeth: show power; show effective means of enforcement 显示威力；显示效力 up for grabs: available for anyone to take or win 群起而争的；待价而沽的 三、句子翻译： Dubai traders are not unduly concerned by the introduction on 21 March of an Iranian 20 percent import

49、surcharge as they consider demand for goods to be so strong that the surcharge will have little impact. It is no coincidence that government departments in the various emirates are welcoming bids from consultants that are new to the area 外刊串讲（六） Lesson Ten Freer Trade, with Luck 一、术语： anti-dumping m

50、easures 反倾销措施 subsidies 补贴countervailing duties 反补贴税 government procurement 政府采购 barriers to trade (trade barriers) 贸易壁垒 intellectual property 知识资产 trade liberalization 贸易自由化 WTO: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 CAP: Common Agricultural policy 共同农业政策 二、词语释义： carry one"s heart in one"s boot

51、s: feel afraid and worried 提心吊胆 subsidy: money granted by government to an industry to keep prices at a desired level allow for: take into consideration snag: bog down, impede 三、句子翻译： On a conservative estimate, the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a yea

52、r, spur economic growth everywhere (especially in the world"s poorest countries) and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement. No industry in the world has been pushed further, or so nee

53、dlessly, from the liberal ideal of guiding resources to their best use by means of prices set in markets. Lesson Eleven The Comeback of International Barter 一、术语： convertible currency 可兑换货币 cartel 卡特尔 debt service 债息支付 debtor 债务人 creditor 债权人 The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference 联合国货

54、币金融会议 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织 二、词语释义： proceeds: money gained from the sale of something 收入，收益 dip into: spend; use up 动用（存款） hammer out: talk about in detail and come to a decision; produce by hard work 经详细讨论得出；经过大量工作而作出 break down: collapse pay a premium for: pay a higher price f

55、or 三、句子翻译： Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering"s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attending the