英语语法—比较结构

1、英语语法比较结构2) 副词比较级&最高级的规则形式1) 形容词比较级&最高级的规则形式25.1 形容词&副词的比较等级比较等级&比较结构3) 形容词、副词比较级&最高级的不规则形式1) asas 结构 25.2 比较结构 2) morethan 结构3) “the 形容词/副词最高级 比较范围”结构1) morethan 结构的其它用法2) not soas 与not so muchas25.3 关于比较结构用法的补充说明3) not more/ -er than与 no more/ -er than4) the more the more 与 more

2、 and more比较结构 Comparative Construction英语的比较结构主要有三种asas 结构，morethan结构，the most结构另外：限定词、代词的比较等级构成的比较结构many/ much, more, most; few, fewer, fewest; little, less, least1) asas 结构1.as + 形容词、副词原级as分句(John is as bright as Bob. )(The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful)(The swimming pool isnt twice as

3、 wide as that one is long.)2.asas结构的另一种模式：as much/ many名词 as分句(He took as much butter as he needed.)3.asas结构的一个变体形式：as形容词原级名词词组 as分句George is as efficient a worker as Jack.基本模式：as + 形容词、副词原级as分句（John is as bright as Bob.）1.主语不同，比较项目相同(as 分句有所省略，通常用不完全句)(John is as bright as Bob. )2.主语相同，比较项目不同(as 分句

4、不能用省略句，必须用完全句)(The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful)3.主语不同，比较项目也不同(The swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.)asas结构的另一种模式：as much/ many名词 as分句 He took as much butter as he needed.asas结构的一个变体形式：as形容词原级名词词组 as分句George is as efficient a worker as Jack.2) morethan结构1.基本模式：形容词、副

5、词比较级 than分句John is brighter than Bob.2.morethan结构的另一种模式：限定词more/less/fewer 名词 than分句She has written more essays than he.3.morethan结构的一种变体形式：形容词比较级 名词 than分句My brother has a larger house than mine.4.morethan结构的另一种变体形式：“定冠词形容词、副词比较级 of词组”(两者比较)John is the brighter of the two boys.3) the most结构“(the) +

6、 形容词、副词最高级 比较范围”结构 （三个or三个以上）John is the brightest of the three boys.比较范围可用介词词组：in the world, of the three boys, 也可用关系分句或非限定性分句： I have ever read, ever known.比较范围在一定上下文中可以不表示出来Six juicy oranges, please.These are our juiciest.有些最高级结构并不是和其它事物相比，因而也不须用比较范围Please accept my deepest gratitude.在一定上下文中，最高级含

7、义也可用其它结构来表示，比如用morethan结构George did more work this morning than anyone else. (=George did the most work)也可以用asas 结构来表示：Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China.(=My first visit to China shook me the most deeply.)还可以用“否定词比较级”来表示：I like nothing better. (=Its the best thing I li

8、ke.)It cant be worse. (= Its the worst thing Ive ever known.)比较结构用法的补充说明：1) morethan 结构的其它用法除了在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较外， The concert was more enjoyable than the lecture.The living room is larger than the dinning room.还可以同一个人或物本身不同方面的比较John is more daring than quick-witted. John is less daring than quick-wit

9、ted.同一个人或物本身不同方面的比较: 除了连接两个形容词，还可以连接两个名词词组The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.2) not soas与not so muchasLondon isnt so large as Tokyo.It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.It wasnt

10、 so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested.3) not more/-er than 与no more/ -er thanJohn is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom. (as bad as)I have not taken more than six courses this semester.(不多于)I have taken no more than six courses this semester.（仅仅）上述结构与no morethan(=not any more than)又有所不同。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.4)