高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (32)

1、必修必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists 重点单词重点单词1._n.特性；特征adj.特有的；独特的；典 型的2. _ vi.& vt.结束；推断出_n.结论；结束3. _ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫_ n.失败4. _ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加5. _vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的6. _vt.& n.治愈；痊愈；治疗7. _n.挑战_vt.向挑战8. _vt.吸收；吸引；使专心9. _vt.认为；怀疑_n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯characteristicconcludeconclusiondefeatdefeatattendexpos

2、eexposedcurechallengechallengeabsorbsuspectsuspect（学生见（学生见P P107107） 重点单词重点单词10._vt.责备；谴责_n.过失；责备11. _ vt.污染；弄脏_n.污染12. _ n.柄；把手_vt.处理；操纵13. _vt.& n.连接；联系14. _vt.宣布；通告_n.通知；宣告15. _vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_ n.捐献；贡献；捐助16. adj.有创造力的，创造性的，独创的 17. adj.积极的，肯定的，确定的18._ vi.& vt.（使）旋转；纺（线或纱等）19. _adj.热情的

3、；热心的_n.热情20. _ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃_n.拒绝；抛弃blameblamepollutepollutionhandlehandlelinkannounceannouncementcontributecontributioncreativepositivespinenthusiasticenthusiasmrejectrejection 重点短语重点短语1._提出2._得出结论3. _使显露；暴露4. _治愈某人的癌症5. _迎接挑战6. _全神贯注于put forwarddraw a conclusionexpose.tocure sb. of cancerface/meet

4、the challengebe absorbed in 重点短语重点短语7._应受责备8. _将和联系或连接起来9. _有助于；导致10. _除之外；此外11. _对严格的12. _讲得通；有意义be to blamelink.to.contribute toapart frombe strict with.make sense1.neither.nor.既不也不Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材P)2.every time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句So many thousands of terrified people di

5、ed every time there was an outbreak. (教材P2)3.have sth. done 结构A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P3) 重点句型重点句型4.with 复合结构在句中作状语He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets

6、 going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材P7) 重点句型重点句型过去分词作定语及表语1.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.(Predicative)（教材P2）2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (Attribute)（教材P2）语法要点语法要点conclusion nC，U 结论；

7、结束Draw a conclusion (教材P1)得出结论 1（学生用书见（学生用书见P P107107） in conclusion 最后；总之 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 come to the conclusion that. 所得结论是 conclude vt.& vi . 结束；推断出；作结论 sth.(from sth.) (from sth.) that. with sth. by doing sth.(1) (2) (从)推断出，断定conclude conclude sth. 以结束 In concl

8、usion, Id like to say how much I have enjoyed myself. 最后，我想说说我过得有多么愉快。 The doctor concluded (drew a conclusion) that the patients disease was cancer. 医生推断那位病人得的是癌症。 I concluded from what he said that he was not satisfied with the result. 我从他的话推断出他对结果不太满意。 The story was concluded with a happy ending,

9、 which was unexpected. 那个故事以大团圆告终，这是出人意料的。 The teacher concluded his lecture with a poem. 那位老师用一首诗结束了他的讲座。defeat v.& n.使(计划、希望等)失败，落空；打败，战胜(战争、比赛中的对手)；使受挫JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” （教材P2）约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”2(1) defeat sb./a team vt.打败，战胜 (某人或战争、比赛的对手)(2) defeat sbs hope/plan 使希望、计划落空、失败defeat宾语为“人

10、”或“一个团体（team，class，school，army）”，可指战争中打败敌人。beat宾语同样为“人”或“一个团体”，与defeat可互换，常用于游戏或比赛中。windefeat宾语为“人”或“一个团体（team，class，school，army）”，可指战争中打败敌人。beat宾语同样为“人”或“一个团体”，与defeat可互换，常用于游戏或比赛中。win后接sth.，指在较强的竞争中获胜， 宾语多用game, war, prize, fame, love, respect, battle等词；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”；也可作不及物动词，意为“赢，获胜”。 He defeate

11、d the defending champion in the final. 他在决赛中打败了卫冕冠军。 Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望破灭了。 Our school football team suffered another defeat. 我校足球队再次遭遇失败。 I tried to beat him but he was too much for me. 我想打败他，但力不从心。 Billy is sure to win the race. 比利一定会赢得这场比赛。expose vt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临，使处于的影响(或作用)之下But he b

12、ecame inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (教材P2)但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。3(1)expose sth./sb./oneself (to.) 显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己 exposed adj.(指地方)无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的 be exposed to暴露于（2） He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。 Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight, or y

13、oull get sun burnt. 别把皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤的。 He doesnt want to expose himself to the influence of bad companions. 他不想使自己受坏伙伴的影响。 The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。cure n.治愈某种病的方法；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. (教材P2)

14、既不知道它的病因，也不知道它的治疗方法。4(1)a cure for. 治疗的方法/药物 cure a patient/a disease 治愈病人/疾病 cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的（疾病、恶习等）(2) cure意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病或革除恶习、弊害等，侧重结果，常用cure sb. of sthtreat意为“治疗”，强调治疗过程，常用treat sb. for sth.heal意为“（使）愈合，治愈”，指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。 Up till now, there is no cure for the common cold. 迄今为止，还没有治愈常见

15、感冒的药物。 The doctor cured my cough with a new medicine that had been developed not long before. 那位医生用一种不久前研制的新药治愈了我的咳嗽。 What we are concerned now is how we can cure the child of his bad habit. 我们现在所关注的是怎样才能改掉这个孩子的坏习 惯。 Dr. Brown treated me for influenza. 布朗医生为我治疗感冒。 The doctor treated her headache, bu

16、t didnt cure her. 那位大夫给她治疗头疼，但没有治好。 The doctor healed the soldiers bullet wound in the leg. 医生治好了那位士兵腿部的枪伤。blame vt.责备，谴责；把归咎于 n.过失，责备It seemed that the water was to blame. (教材P2)看来水是罪魁祸首。5 blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame应受责备;应负责任(2)get/accept/bear/take the blame for.

17、对负责 lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上(1) Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。 City residents also blame migrant workers for the sharp rise in the urban crime rate. 城市居民还责怪是民工造成了城市犯罪率的大幅上升。 They blamed the failure of the action on George. 他们将此次行动失败归咎于乔治。 The company is ready to take

18、 the blame for what had happened. 公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助6 contribute.to.把贡献给 contribute to.导致；向投稿;有助于 contribution n.贡献；捐款;稿件 make a contribution to.（to为介词）对作出贡献(1)(2) They contributed food and clothing for the refugees. 他们向难民捐助了食物和衣服。 The Song Dynasty contributed three grea

19、t inventions to world civilization. 宋朝为世界文明贡献了三大发明。 Various factors contributed to his downfall. 多种因素导致了他的倒台。 Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。put forward 提出（建议等）；推荐；将提前Who put forward a theory about black holes? (教材P1)谁提出的黑洞理论？1put aside 节省；储蓄；储存put

20、away 放好；积蓄put off 推迟；延期put on 穿上；上演put out 扑灭；熄灭；出版put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；搭建put up with 忍受（学生见（学生见P P109109） The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for national recovery. 工会大会提出一项振兴国家的计划。 Ive put you forward as the best man for the job. 我已经提名你为这项工作的最佳人选。 The hitech has put forward our production th

21、is year. 高科技提高了我们今年的生产。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事今日毕。 Its wise to have some money put aside for old age. 存些钱养老是明智的做法。 They have put up a lot of high rise buildings recently. 最近他们建起了很多高楼大厦。apart from 除之外； 此处Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned

22、 the following phrases. (教材P4)除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。2 Apart from you, I had no one to talk to.（相当于except） 除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。 Apart from a few faults, he is a respectable teacher.(相当于 except for) 除了几个小缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的老师。 Besides the two novels, I have bought two magazines.我买了两本小说，另外还买了两本杂志。注意：in addition to

23、相当于 besides, 表示“除以外还”。make sense 讲得通；有意义；有道理Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. （教材P7）只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。3make sense of 理解，明白make no sense 没道理，没意义there is no sense in doing sth. 做没道理in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense 决不（位于句首时，句子部分倒装）

24、 This sentence just doesnt make sense, no matter how you read it. 无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。 Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it. 我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了其含义。 It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的呢？ Theres no sense in g

25、etting angry about it. 为此生气是没有意义的。 All food is, in a sense, organic, because it has come from plants or animals. 在某种程度上说，所有的食物都是有机的，因为它来自植物 或动物。 The conclusion is in no sense scientific. 这个结论不科学。neither.nor. 既不也不Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. （教材P2）既不知道它的病因，也不知道它的治疗方法。1（学生用书见（学生用书见P

26、P110110）neither.nor.表示“既不也不”，连接句中两个并列成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与它邻近的主语保持一致。 Air is neither a solid nor a liquid. 空气既不是固体，也不是液体。 Neither he nor I am tall. 他和我都不高。 Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。 In neither case can we agree. 在这两种情况下，我们都不同

27、意。every time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. （教材P2）所以每次疾病暴发时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。21every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当”。2名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：every time， each time， any time， the last time， next time， the first time， the moment， the second， the m

28、inute， the hour， the day等。3有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句。温馨提示：(1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。 (2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。 (3)Its high/about time that.从句动词用过去时或should动词原形。 Every time he comes back to his hometown, he w

29、ill call on his former teachers. 每次他回到家乡，他都会去看望他原来的老师。 The first time he came to the city, he decided to settle down. 他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在此安家。 The last time I saw Kate, she was doing research on wild animals. 我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。 The moment he got out of the airport, the pop star was surrounded by his f

30、ans. 这位著名的歌星一出机场，就被歌迷围了起来。 It was the first time that he had seen his work in print. 这是他第一次看见他自己的作品出版。 Its high time that I should have breakfast. 该是我吃早餐的时候了。.品句填词品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1.As for the diet, there are several sayings, any of which has not been proved (scientific). People of today a

31、ppreciate science. 【答案】1.scientifically2.A similar (conclude) has been drawn after they did experiments, analyzed results and found supporting evidence.【答案】2.conclusion3.The couple sent an e-mail to friends Friday (announce) the news, saying they were looking at a possible wedding next summer. 【答案】3

32、.announcing4.The (infect) disease was not well controlled or thoroughly defeated. The following outbreak scared the ordinary people. 【答案】 4.infectious5.We go on and on, (satisfy) with being good enough, and we dont realize that nothing is really all that good until we wake up one day and find oursel

33、ves miserable. 【答案】5.satisfied 学生用书见P1116.In many countries, political (suspect) are kept under polices observation in the country.【答案】 6.suspects 7.is exposed7.Each of us (expose) to radiation daily from natural sources, including the Sun and the Earth.【答案】 7.is exposed8.For both substantively and

34、politically, the tasks over the next four years may be harder than (handle) the crisis itself.【答案】 8.handling9.Honesty and hard work contribute success and happiness.【答案】9.to 10.The rise in applications is also being stimulated by a sharp increase in the number of students who are reapplying after (

35、reject) last year. 【答案】10.being rejected.单句改错单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法）1.As you know, one cant become infecting with AIDS by having dinner or shaking hands with patients.【答案】infectinginfected2.No matter how hard I tried to read it, the sentence didnt make sense of me.【答案】ofto3.Some of us often try to please s

36、omeone else because we need people to like us: we are in our greatest fear of rejected and abandoned.【答案】rejected前加being4.Bombs had hit the building a number of times but fortunate no one was hurt.【答案】fortunatefortunately5.The housing plan announces this week will help many homeowners with their fin

37、ancial problems, but it wont set off a new housing boom.【答案】announcesannounced6.A commercial plan put forward at the conference is designed for the local new businessmen and it is obviously that they are determined to make it work.【答案】obviouslyobvious7.This is a conclusion drawn by reviewing the mod

38、ern history of Chinas development and analyzed the experiences and lessons of many countries in their development course.【答案】analyzedanalyzing8.New laws have removed from judges many of their cautiousness to set a sentence that needs full details.【答案】manymuch9.A driver drives a truck past the site of an “eco-city” on construction, in northeastern China, which is due to be completed next month. 【答案】onunder10.Apart from too large, the hat doesnt suit me.