高中英语“语法词汇复习”案例及教学研讨

1、高中英语“语法词汇复习”案例及教学研讨 江苏省扬州市江都区邵伯高级中学 仇增国高中英语教学大纲及新课程标准对高中生在高中阶段应掌握的语法项目和词汇量作出了明确要求，江苏省所使用的译林牛津英语教科书分为必修（1-5）和选修（6-11）两个板块，其中对学生的能力要求分为6-8级，尤其规定词汇量要达到3500左右，较以前有了很大提升。这也对我们教师的教学提出了更新的要求，针对语法词汇复习教学，本人有以下的摸索与实践。一、 语法教学高中阶段的语法比初中有了量与质的提升，量表现在语法项目多了，如非谓语，虚拟语气，倒装句，名词性从句等等。质表现在：虽然有些语法初中阶段讲过，但那只是蜻蜓点水式的一带而过，在

2、高中的要求却是系统的全面的。不仅靠语法知识，更强调能力的考查，题目设置在一定的语境中。定语从句知识要点如下：一、定语从句的概念在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that, which, who（宾格whom，所有格whose），as等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非

3、限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略

4、，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮

5、助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语） 到此为止，初高中并无多大的区别，但看下面的就会发现区别。（划线部分） 注意点：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who, that, which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed th

6、e English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例

7、如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用whi

8、ch。例如：This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which。例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用th

9、at，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that。例如：What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用t

10、hat。例如：Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

11、 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六、which 和 as在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：（1）通常as 可以放在整句的句首，而which 只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .（2）which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：S

12、he has worried again, which surprises us.七、all that 和 what在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that 和what，what 实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that 两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.= What I know is that he has. 针对这些区别，我会着重讲解与分析，并找出相关试题让学生练习与提高。二、词汇教学面对2013年江苏高考英语试题，学生普遍反

13、映：试题很难。表现在：阅读量大，时间紧。在这之前的高考试卷基本上是14 页，但惟独今年共 16 页，这让不少学生慌了神。这也从侧面说明高考英语对词汇量的要求是越来越高了。因此，我在给学生布置任务时，再三强调要在规定的时间内完成任务，在平常的教学及作业布置时都是限时训练，一方面可以提高阅读速度，另一方面也可以提高解题能力。每天，我都要给学生规定一定量背诵的任务，长期坚持，到高三时，学生的词汇量有了量与质的提升与飞跃，应对高考就会更加自信与成功。我一般把词汇分为单词与短语两部分，背诵分开但有有机结合。请看以下例子。牛津高中英语短语汇编(M1) Unit 1 School life1. at eas

14、e with 2. know of sb / sth 3. tell the differences between A and B 4. on (the) average 5. used to do sth 6. be happy with sth/ sb7. for free 8. such as 9. encourage sb to do sth 10. introduce A to B 11. pass sth on (to) sb 12. be available for 13. far (away) from 14. make sure that 15. graduate from

15、 university 16. upon/ on doing 17. surf the internet 18. donate sth to sb19. forget to do sth 20. inform sb of sth 21. prepare for 22. be responsible for 23. be made up of 24. consist of 25. come up with 26. tell sb about sth 27. sound like28. word by word 29. drop some subjects 30. play on the scho

16、ol fields31. e-mail sb 32. talk to sb about sth 33. prepare to do sth34. thank sb for 35. invite sb to be/do 36. make a speech about37. run a radio club 38. approve the idea 39. require sb to do sth牛津高中英语重点句子汇编M1U11.what is your dream school like?2.Going to a British high school for one year was a v

17、ery enjoyable and exciting experience for me.3.He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.4.It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.5.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school,6.I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made.7.Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food.8.I was very lucky to experience this different way of life9