嵌入式系统常用词汇中英文对照

1、精品文档1.TDP-Thermal Design Power散热设计功耗2.SMBus -System Management Bus系统总线3.GPIO-General Purpose Input Output通用输入 / 输出或总线扩展器4.SIO- - 超级输入输出芯片5.SO-DIMM- 小外形双列内存模组6.DIMM- Dual-Inline-Memory-Modules, 即双列直插式存储模块7.SPI -Serial Peripheral Interface-串行外设接口8.IDE- 微型计算机智能接口，是现在普遍使用的外部接口，主要接硬盘和光驱，传输模式有以下三种：PIO(Pro

2、grammed I/O) 模式、DMA(Driect Memory Access) 模式、 Ultra DMA( 简称 UDMA)模式9.AMT- 主动管理技术10.POST-通电自检程序11.HDMI-High Definition Multimedia Interface高清晰度多媒体接口12.CRT -Cathode Ray Tube阴极射线管13.DAC - Digital Analog Converter数模转换器14.DDC - Display Data Channel I 2C bus interface between adisplay and a graphics adapt

3、er.显示数据通道15.DVI -Digital Visual Interfacevideo interface standarddeveloped by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG).数字可视化界面。1欢迎下载精品文档16.EFT -Electrical Fast Transient电快速瞬变17.EMI -Electro magnetic Interference电磁干扰18.ESD - Electrostatic Discharge静电放电19.ExpressCard -A PCMCIAstandardbuilton the lates

4、tUSB2.0and PCI Express buses.20.GBE -Gigabit Ethernet千兆以太网21.LPC- Low Pin-Count Interface: a low speed interface usedfor peripheral circuits such as Super I/O controllers, whichtypically combine legacy-device support into a single IC.低针脚数接口22.LVDS - Low-Voltage Differential Signaling低压差分信号23.PCI Exp

5、ress (PCIe)-PeripheralComponentInterfaceExpressnext-generation high speed Serialized I/O bus24.PCI Express Lane - One PCI Express Lane is a setof 4 signalsthat contains two differential lines for Transmitter and twodifferentiallines forReceiver.Clockinginformationisembedded into the data stream.25.S

6、ATA - Serial ATAattachment:serial-interfacestandardforhard disks26.SDVO-Serial Digital Video Out proprietary technologyintroducedby Intel.to addadditionalvideosignalinginterfaces to a system.连续数字式录影。2欢迎下载精品文档-To be determined28.USB -Universal Serial Bus29.x1, x2, x4, x16 x1 refers to one PCI Express

7、 Lane of basic bandwidth; x2 to acollection of two PCI Express Lanes; etc. Also referred to as x1, x2, x4, x16 link.30.ASIC （ 专 用集 成 电 路 ） Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.专用集成电路。一个在一个芯片上定制设计的硬件。31.addressbus（地址总线） A set of electricallinesconnected

8、to theprocessorand allof theperipheralswithwhichitcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor toselectaspecificmemorylocationor registerwithinaparticularperipheral.If the addressbus containsn electricallines,theprocessorcanuniquelyaddressupto2nsuchlocations.一个连接处理器与所有外设的， 用来通讯的电子线路集。地址总线被

9、处理器用来选择在特定外设中的存储器地址或寄存器。如果地址总线有n 条电子线路， 处理器能唯一寻址高达2n 的地址空间。32.BSP（板卡支持包） board support package（板卡支持包） Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is。3欢迎下载精品文档provided by the package developer. The sample code must be

10、modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainderof the software package.软件包的具有平台依赖性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的样例源程序由包开发者提供。样例源程序必须能在需要时被修改、编译并与软件包的剩下的部分连接起来。33.cross-compiler（交叉编译器）A compiler that runs on adifferent platform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on

11、 a host computer and producesobject code for the target.一个运行在不同的平台上的编译器，其中之一能产生目标代码。 交叉编译器在主机上运行并且产生目标机的目标代码。34.DMA Direct Memory Access （直接内存访问） . A techniquefor transferringdatadirectlybetweentwo peripherals(usuallymemoryand an I/Odevice) with onlyminimal intervention bythe processor.DMA transfers

12、are managed by a thirdperipheral called a DMA controller.直接内存访问。一种直接在两个外设（通常是内存和I/O 设备）之间进行数据传输的技术，它只要处理器最少的介入。DMA传输由叫 DMA控制器的第三方外设进行管理。35.DRAM（动态随机访问存储器） Dynamic Random-AccessMemory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular inte

13、rvals.。4欢迎下载精品文档The refreshcycles are usuallyperformed by a peripheralcalleda DRAM controller.动态随机访问存储器。一种RAM，存储在其设备中的数据被定期刷新时才能保存它的内容。刷新周期一般由一个叫 DRAM控制器的外设完成。36.Emulator( 仿真器 ) Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that takes the placeof-emulates-the processoron your target board. E

14、mulators frequently incorporate a special "bond-out" version of the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your programis executing.在线仿真器的简写。一个在你的目标板上放置仿真的处理器的调试工具。 仿真器经常和一目标处理器的一种“外合 ”版本合在一起，这个版本的的处理器充许你运行程序时观察和记录它的内部状态。37.Executable （可执行的） A file con

15、taining object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that remains is toplace the objectcode intoa ROMor download itvia a debuggingtool.一个包含准备在目标机上运行的目标代码的文件。放置目标代码到 ROM中或通过调试工具下载。38. Firmware （固件）Embeddedsoftwarethat is storedas objectcode withina ROM.This nameis most common among the

16、users of digital signal processors.是作为目标代码存贮在ROM中的嵌入式软件。这个名字在数字信号处理器的用户中相当流行。5欢迎下载精品文档39.intertask communication（进程间通讯）A mechanism used bytasks and interrupt service routines to share information and synchronize their access to shared resources. The most commonbuildingblocksof intertaskcommunication

17、 aresemaphores andmutexes.一种被用来在任务和中断服务程序之间共享信息和同步它们对共享资源访问的机制。 大部分进程间通讯的建立的基石是信号灯和互斥。40.Linker （连接程序） A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs a relocatable program. The linker is thus run after all of the source fileshave been compiled or assembled.一种能

18、把一个或更多目标文件组合成可输入和输出的可重定位程序的开发工具。连接程序在所有的源文件都被编译或汇编之后运行。41.Locator （定位程序） A softwaredevelopment toolthat assignsphysical addresses to the relocatable program produced by the linker. This is the last step in the preparation of softwarefor execution by an embedded system and the resulting file iscalled

19、an executable.In some cases, the locator"sfunctionmaybe hidden with in the linker.一种分配物理地址给连接程序处理过的可重定位程序的软件开发工具。这是准备一个软件在嵌入式系统中运行的最后一步， 并且结果文件叫做可执行的。 在一些情况下，定位程序功能隐藏在连接程序中。6欢迎下载精品文档42.logicanalyzer （逻辑分析仪） A hardware debugging toolthatcan be used to capture the logic levels (0 or 1) of dozens,

20、 oreven hundreds, of electricalsignalsin real-time.Logicanalyzers can be quite helpfulfor debugging hardware problemsand complex processor-peripheral interactions.一种硬件调试工具，能捕获实时电信号的许多逻辑电平（0 或 1），逻辑分析仪在调试硬件问题和复杂的处理外设交互时相当有用。43.Oscilloscope （示波器） A hardware debugging tool thatallowsyou to view the vol

21、tage on one or more electrical lines. Forexample, you might use anoscilloscopeto determineif aparticular interrupt is currently asserted.一种硬件调试工具，它让你能观察到一个或更多电路上的电压。例如：如果一个特殊的中断发生，你可以用一个示波器去检测它。44.parallelprocessing （并行进程） The abilityto apply two ormore processors to a single computation.一种在单个计算机上运行

22、两个或多个程序的能力。45.processor-independent（处理器无关 ）A piece of softwarethatis independent of the processor on which it will berun. Mostprograms thatcan be writtenina high-levellanguageareprocessor-independent.Contrastwithprocessor-specific.一个与处理器无关的， 并能在其上运行的软件。 大多数用高级语言编写程序是处理器无关的。相对于处理器定制。7欢迎下载精品文档46.proce

23、ssor-specific（处理器定制）A piece of software thatis highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run.Such codemustusuallybe writteninassemblylanguage.Contrastwith processor-independent.一个高度依赖处理器的软件，在上其才能运行。一些代码必须用汇编语言编写。相对于处理器无关。47.assembler （汇编编译器）A software development tool thattranslateshuman

24、-readableassemblylanguageprogramsintomachine-languageinstructionsthattheprocessorcanunderstandand execute.一个能把人可读的汇编语言程序转换到处理器可理解和运行的机器指令的软件开发工具。48.assembly language（汇编语言）A human-readable form of a processor"s instruction set. Mostprocessor-specificfunctionsmustbe writteninassemblylanguage.一种人可

25、读的处理器指令集的形式。大多数处理器相关的功能必须用汇编语言编写。49.binarysemaphore(二元信号 ) A type of semaphore with justtwostates. Also called a mutex.一种只有两种状态的信号。也叫互斥信号。50.bond-out processor（外合处理器）A special version of aprocessorthathas some of the internalsignalsbrought out to。8欢迎下载精品文档externalpins.A bond-out processoris most oft

26、enfound withinan emulator and is never intended to be used in a productionsystem.一种特殊版本的处理器， 它有一些，内部的信号能传达到外置的针脚上。 一个外合处理器绝大多数情况下只用在模拟器上，从来不会被特意用在产品系统上。51.CISC- Complex InstructionSet Computer（复杂指令集计算机） .Describesthe architectureof a processorfamily.CISCprocessorsgenerallyfeaturevariable-lengthinstr

27、uctions,multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small numberof general-purposeregisters.Intel"s80x86familyisthequintessential example of CISC. Contrast with RISC.复杂指令集计算机。对一种处理器架构的描述。CISC 处理器一般产生变长的指令，多种地址格式，并且仅仅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86 家族是是典型的 CISC处理器。相对于 RISC而言。52.Compiler（编译器）Asoftwared

28、evelopment toolthattranslateshigh-levellanguageprogramsintothemachine-language instructionsthat a particularprocessorcanunderstand and execute.把高级编程语言程序转换到只有特定的处理器能了解和执行的机器指令的一种软件开发包。53.countingsemaphore（计数信号）A type of semaphore thatisused to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt。9欢迎

29、下载精品文档to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of theavailableresources are in use. Contrastwith binary semaphore.一种用来跟踪多个相同类型资源的信号灯。仅仅在所有可用的资源都被用完了时才阻塞。相对二元信号而言。54.critical section（临界段）A block of code that must beexecuted in sequence and without interruption to guaranteecorrectoperationo

30、f the software.See also race condition.一段必须按次序执行的代码， 并且不能被中断， 否则不能保证软件正确地操作。参照：竞争状况。55.Deadline （死线）The time at which a particular set ofcomputations mustbe completed.See also real-time system.一个特定计算必须被完成的时间。请看实时系统。56.Deadlock （死锁） An unwanted software situationinwhich anentire set of tasksis blocke

31、d, waiting for an eventthat onlya task withinthesame setcan cause. Ifa deadlockoccurs, theonly solutionistoresetthe hardware.However, itisusuallypossible to preventdeadlocks altogetherby followingcertainsoftware design practices.一种不希望出现的软件状态，在这个状态下，所有的任务因为等待一个只有在这些被阻塞任务之一才能产生的事件而被阻塞。如果死锁发生，唯一解决的方法是重

32、启动硬件。但是，通过可靠的软件设计实践活动通常可以防止死锁的发生。57.debug monitor （除错监视程序）A piece of embeddedsoftware。10欢迎下载精品文档thathas been designed specificallyfor use as a debugging tool.Itusuallyresidesin ROMand communicates with a debugger viaa serialport or network connection.The debug monitor providesa set of primitivecomma

33、ndsto view and modify memorylocationsand registers,createand remove breakpoints,and execute yourprogram. The debugger combines these primitives to fulfill higher-level requests like program download and single-step.嵌入式软件被特殊设计来作为除错工具的一部分。它一般被放在ROM中，通过串口或网络与除错器进行通讯。除错监视程序提供一个简单的命令集来显示和内存地址和寄存器、建立和移除断点

34、， 并且运行你的程序。除错监视器组合这些简单的命令去实现象程序下载各单步调试等高端的请求。58.devicedriver （设备驱动程序）A softwaremodule thathidesthedetailsofaparticularperipheralandprovidesahigh-level programming interface to it.一个软件模块，它隐藏特定外设的细节并提供高级的外设编程接口。59.device programmer（设备编程器）A tool for programmingnon-volatilememories andotherelectrically-

35、programmabledevices. Typically, the programmable device is inserted intoa socket on the device programmer and the contentsof a memorybuffer are then transferred into it.一种用来对不挥发内存和其他电可编程设备进行编程的工具。典型地，可编程设备被插到设备。11欢迎下载精品文档编程器的接口上，接着内存缓存器中的内容被传送到它里面。60.general-purpose computer （通用计算机） A combination of

36、 computer hardware and software that serves as a general-purpose computing platform. For example, a personal computer. Contrast with embeddedsystem. 当作通用计算平台的计算机硬件与软件的组合。例如， PC。相对于嵌入式计算机。61.HLL- high-level language.高级语言。62.Heap（堆） An area of memorythat allocation. Calls to malloc and freeis used for

37、 dynamic memory and the C+ operators newand delete result in run-time manipulation of the heap.一块被用作动态内存分配的内存区域。调用malloc 和 free 、C+的操作符 new、delete在运行时进行堆的操作。63.ICE -In-Circuit Emulator. See emulator.在线仿真器。64.ISR- interrupt service routine（中断服务程序） .65.instructionpointer （指令指针）A registerin the process

38、orthatcontainsthe address of the next instructionto be executed.Also known as a program counter.包含下一条要执行指令地址的处理器中的寄存器。也叫程序计数器。66.interruptlatency （中断延迟）The amount of time between theassertionofan interruptand thestartoftheassociatedinterrupt service routine.在中断发生和相关的中断服务程序运行之间的时间长短。12欢迎下载精品文档67.inte

39、rruptserviceroutine（中断服务程 序）A pieceofsoftware executed in response to a particular interrupt.响应特定中断而运行的一小段软件。68.interrupt vector（中断向量）The address of an interruptservice routine.中断服务程序所在的地址。69.memory map（内存映射） A table or diagram containing the name and address range of each peripheral addressable by

40、the processor within the memory space. Memory maps are a helpfulaid in getting to know the target.一个在内存空间中的，包含每个外设的名字和可由处理器设置的地址范围的表格或图表。内存映射有助于了解目标机情况。70.memory-mapped I/O （内存映射 I/O ） An increasingly common hardware design methodology in which I/O devices are placedinto the memory space rather than

41、 the I/O space. From the processor"s point of view, memory-mappedI/O devices look very much like memory devices. 一种日益流行的硬件设计方法，在这种方法中， I/O 设备被放置在内存空间而不是I/O 空间。从处理器的观点看，内存映射I/O 设备看上去很象内存一样。71. Microcontroller（微控制器）A microcontroller is verysimilar to a microprocessor. The main difference is that

42、a microcontroller is designed specifically for use in embedded systems Microcontrollers typically include a CPU, memory (a。13欢迎下载精品文档small amount of RAM and/or ROM), and other peripherals on the same chip. Common examples are the 8051, Intel"s 80196, andMotorola"s 68HCxx series.微控制器很像微处理器。

43、主要的差别在于微控制器被特殊设计用在嵌入式系统中。微控制器典型地包括CPU、内存（很小的 RAM或 ROM），还有其他的外设，它们在同一块芯片上。常见的例子是：8051、Intel80196 、Motorola68HCxx 系列。72.Microprocessor（微处理器）A piece of siliconcontainingageneral-purposeCPU. The most commonexamples are Intel"s80x86and Motorola"s 680x0 families.一片包含通用CPU的硅片。常见的例子是： Intel80x86、M

44、otorola 680x0系列。73.Monitor （监视器） In the context of thisbook, a debug monitor.However,thereisa second meaning forthisword thatisassociated with intertask communication. In that context, amonitor is a language-level synchronization feature.在这本书的上下文中，是指调试监视器。然而，第二个意思与任务间通讯相关联。在那个上下文中，监视器是高级同步机制的特性。74.M

45、ultiprocessing （多处理） The use of more than one processor in a single computer system. So-called "multiprocessor systems" usually have a common memory space through which the processors can communicate and share data. In addition, somemultiprocessor systems support parallel processing.在单个的计算

46、机系统中有多个处理器。 被叫作 “多处理器系统 ”的一般有公用的。14欢迎下载精品文档内存空间，处理器通过它们进行通讯和共享数据。另外，一些多处理器系统支持并行处理。75.Multitasking（多任务）The executionof multiplesoftwareroutinesinpseudo-parallel.Eachroutinerepresentsaseparate "thread of execution" and is referred to as a task.The operatingsystem is responsibleforsimulating

47、parallelismby parceling out the processor"s time.伪并行运行的多个软件程序。每一个程序表现得像分开的“执行的线程 ”并且被看作是一个任务。操作系统通过分配处理器时间来模拟并行方式。76.Mutex （互斥）A data structure for mutual exclusion, alsoknown as a binarysemaphore.A mutex isbasicallyjustamultitasking-awarebinaryflagthatcan be used to synchronizethe activities o

48、f multiple tasks. As such, it can be used toprotect critical sections of the code from interruption andshared resources from simultaneous use.表现互斥现象的数据结构，也被当作二元信号灯。 一个互斥基本上是一个多任务敏感的二元信号，它能用作同步多任务的行为， 它常用作保护从中断来的临界段代码并且在共享同步使用的资源。77.mutual exclusion （互斥现象） A guarantee of exclusive access to a shared

49、resource. In embeddedsystems, the shared resourceis typically a block of memory, a global variable, or a set of registers. Mutual exclusion can be achieved with the use of a。15欢迎下载精品文档semaphore or mutex.唯一访问共享资源的保证。在嵌入式系统中，共享的资源典型的有内存块或寄存器组。互斥现象能由使用信号灯或互斥完成。78.NVRAM -Non-Volatile Random-Access Memor

50、y. A type of RAM that retains its data even when the system is powered down. NVRAM frequently consists of an SRAM and a long-life battery.非易失的随机访问存储器。 一种能在系统关机的情况下保持它的数据的 RAM。NVRAM常常由 SRAM和长寿命电池组成。79.OTP - one-time programmable.一次性可编程80.object code（目标代码） A set of processor-readable opcodes and data. The output of compilers,assemblers, linkers, andlocators are files containing object code.处理器能读的操作码和数据。编译器、汇编器、连接器和定位器的输出文件都含有目标代码。81.objectfile（目标文件）A filecontainingobjectcode. Theoutpu