语言教学的流派-the-nature-of-approaches-and-s-in-language-teaching

1、2021/8/141Unit 7 The nature of approaches and methods in language teaching.2021/8/142Edward Anthonys ModelApproachApproachDesignDesignProcedureProcedure2021/8/143The main contents of this unit 1)Clarify the relationship between approach and method 2)Present a model for the description, analysis, and

2、 comparison of methods2021/8/144Edward Anthonys Model Approach:a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning. - 教学理论教学理论 Method: strategies for the orderly presentation of language material.-教学教学方法方法 Technique: trick, stratagem or contrivance actually tak

3、e place in a classroom.-教学教学技巧技巧 2021/8/145Relationship among Relationship among the three termsthe three terms The arrangement is The arrangement is hierarchicalhierarchical . . An approach is An approach is axiomaticaxiomatic ,a ,a method is method is proceduralprocedural, a technique , a techniqu

4、e is is implementationalimplementational. .2021/8/146 ApproachApproachMethod1Method1 Method2 Method2 Method3Method3Technique1 Technique1 Technique2Technique22021/8/147Advantages and Disadvantages of Anthonys Model Advantages: Simple Comprehensive Disadvantages: No sufficient attention to the nature

5、a method No specification of the roles of teachers, learners or teaching materials No account of how approach, method and techniques are related2021/8/148Revised Model by the authorQ:What is the difference about the concept of “method” in Anthonys model and the authors model? MethodApproachDesignPro

6、cedure2021/8/149ApproachApproach Approach :theories about the nature of language and language learning that serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching.The theory of languageThe theory of learning2021/8/1410Theory of languageTheory of language1.the structural view : 1.the st

7、ructural view : language is a system of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning. The target of language learning is seen to be the mastery of elements of this system. Eg : Audiolingual Method; Total physical Response ; The Silent Way2021/8/1411 2.the functional view 2.the functional

8、view :language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning.Semantic and communicative focusAlso use grammar and lexis, but support topics, ideas and concepts more for communication2021/8/1412 3. 3. Language as a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations and for the performance

9、 of social transactions between individuals. Language is seen as a tool for the Language is seen as a tool for the creation and maintenance of social creation and maintenance of social relations.relations. Focus on the patterns of moves, acts, Focus on the patterns of moves, acts, negotiation, and i

10、nteraction negotiation, and interaction found in conversational exchanges. found in conversational exchanges.2021/8/1413 The structural view The structural view limits knowing a limits knowing a language to knowing its language to knowing its structural structural rules rules and and vocabularyvocab

11、ulary. . The functional view The functional view adds the need to adds the need to know know how to use the rules how to use the rules and and vocabularyvocabulary to do whatever one to do whatever one wants wants to doto do. . The interactional view The interactional view says that to says that to

12、know how to do what you want to do know how to do what you want to do involves also knowing involves also knowing whether it is whether it is appropriate to do appropriate to do , and , and where , when where , when ,how it is appropriate to do it.,how it is appropriate to do it.2021/8/1414Excuse me

13、 ,could you tell me how to get to the railway station?(1)Excuse me ,could you mind taking me to the railway station?(2)Could you tell me how to make an interactional call ?2021/8/1415Theory of language learningTheory of language learning Learning theory underlying an approach or method responds to t

14、wo questions: A)What are the psycholinguistic and cognitive processes involved in language learning? -process oriented B)What are the conditions that need to be met in order for these learning processes to be activated? - condition oriented2021/8/1416Krashens Monitor Krashens Monitor HypothesisHypot

15、hesis Addresses both the process and the condition. 二语习得有两种不同的途径 ，一是学习者把注意力有意识地集中在目的语形式特征上，即learning；另一种是学习者利用下意识的过程，运用目的语进行真正的交际，注重内容，意义和效果，即acquisition。习得是主要过程，而学习只是以监控者的身份运用自己所学的知识对所学的话进行监控和修改。Three conditions limit the successful use of the monitor:1.Time2.Focus on form3.Knowledge of rules2021/8/1417 The Natural Approach, Total The Natural Approach, Total physical Response physical Response process