欧洲城市公共空间奖

1、2014.11.30 欧洲城市公共空间奖是由CCCB（巴塞罗那当代文化中心）成立于2000年，该奖项的目的是为了认可及鼓励欧洲城市中公共空间的创造和复兴，同时突出改造公共空间中城市设计的作用，还有它在社会融合中的作用。这个两年一度的奖项不仅只为专业人士颁发，也为开发项目的学会及机构颁发。 2012欧洲城市公共空间奖评委主席Josep Llins宣布本年度的获奖单位，其中包括两个联合优胜奖，三个特别提名和一个特殊目录获奖者。项目是从来自36个国家的347件作品中挑选出来的。Boris Podrecca等设计师设计的卢布尔雅那河岸翻修项目和JANSANA等展开的TUR DE LA ROVIRA山顶

2、景观项目获得联合优胜奖；英国伦敦肯辛顿与切尔西行政区的展示路项目、Tania Ruiz设计的一个地铁站墙面投射装置和Krzysztof Wodiczko等设计的废除奴隶贸易纪念装置共同获得特别提名，而由民众抗议自发形成的“占领PUERTA DEL SOL”则获得本年度的特殊目录获奖者。今年的评委团由代表CCCB 的建筑师Josep Llins主持，评委成员包括Architekturzentrum Wien 事务所总监Dietmar Steiner；NAI总监 Ole Bouman；伦敦建筑基金总监Sarah Mineko Ichioka；法国建筑协会总监Francis Rambert；Suom

3、en Rakennustaiteen Museo 总监Juulia Kauste；荷兰建筑博物馆总监Peter Cachola Schmal。 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修设计师：Boris Podrecca、ATELIER arhitekti、URBI、BB ARHITEKTI、ATELJE VOZLI、 DANS arhitekti、TRIJE arhitekti 和 MEDPROSTOR 地址：斯洛文尼亚共和国 卢布尔雅那 这是由Boris Podrecca等设计师共同展开的卢布尔雅那河岸翻修项目，本项目获得了2012欧洲城市公共空间联合优胜奖。这条河贯穿城市的古老地区，设计师根据既有资源进行具体

4、设计。previous stateAfter entering the capital of Slovenia from the south, the River Ljubljanica describes a pronounced loop around the northern slope of Castle Hill, after which it moves away from the city centre in an easterly direction. In the eighteenth century, the Gruber Canal (Grubarjev prekop)

5、was opened up in an attempt to remedy frequent flooding, cutting through the southern end of the promontory and thus confining the old city centre on an island. Exceptionally well preserved, this isolated historic area has accumulated a generous repertoire of architectural styles which, from the Bar

6、oque era through to the Vienna Succession, reflect the position of Ljubljana as a cultural and geographic crossroads between the Latin south and the Germanic north. Once the river had been tamed, it was possible to expand northwards thanks to the construction of a considerable number of bridges.Some

7、 of the most remarkable of these bridges, such as the Triple Bridge (Tromostovje, 1932) and the Cobblers Bridge (evljarski most, 1931), are work of the architect Joe Plenik who, after the 1930s, marked the rivers course with a profuse and varied collection of buildings, squares, canals, embankments

8、and riverside parks. Recognising the structural role of the river and endowing it with a welcoming and cultured monumentalism, Plenik aimed to transform Ljubljana into a new Athens, an enlightened model city. With this objective, he used the archetype of the stoa to organise the right bank by means

9、of the portico of the Trnica market, and the model of the agora to construct Congress Square (Kongresni trg) on the left bank. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, however, the river had lost the spirit that Plenik had managed to give it, to the extent of being divested of its leading role

10、as the citys preeminent public space. Lacking up-to-date infrastructure, the majority of river spaces had been subordinated to vehicular traffic and indiscriminate parking, while very few were exclusively pedestrian. This drastically undermined the appeal of the old centre which was also suffering f

11、rom the economic effects of a decline in business activities and abandonment by a population that preferred to go and live on the outskirts. The combination of circumstances threatened Ljubljana with all the damaging consequences of urban sprawl.aim of the interventionAfter 2004, the Ljubljana City

12、Council, working with a number of municipal enterprises, decided to make an ambitious public investment of more than twenty million euros in order to redress this situation. In a remarkably brief period of time, it coordinated several teams of local professionals who worked on a series of specific,

13、realistic and viable interventions which, however, were organised within one large-scale urban system.The River Ljubljanica, as the guiding principle of this system, was to resume the role it had been given by Plenik. It was expected that an improved quality of open-air life in the environs of its w

14、aters would foster sociability and stimulate the old citys economic revival. In brief, the aim was to enhance the city centres power of attraction in order to combat the negative trend towards urban sprawl.descriptionCovering more than two kilometres of riverbank spaces, the intervention begins upst

15、ream at the point where the original course of the River Ljubljanica flows away from the Gruber Canal. A new footbridge (2010) links the Botanic gardens of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenias oldest scientific and educational institution, with the new pica (City Park, 2010), a green riverbank spa

16、ce that adds a finishing touch to the southern point of the island on which the city centre is located. A landscaping project along the first three hundred metres of the left bank of the canal highlights both its natural character and its accessibility.The Trnovo embankment has also been renovated (

17、2010) on the left bank of a reach of the river which, seven hundred metres downstream, flows into the Gradaica River, a branch of the Ljubljanica. The meeting of this smaller river with Barjanska Road, a main thoroughfare providing access to the city, has been resolved by means of a new bridge (2008

18、), which bears the roads name, and a riverbank park (2008), also known as the pica. The new viaduct is not far from the centrepiece of the Trnovo district, the Trnovo Bridge, which was built by Plenik.Downstream on the River Ljubljanica, a short distance from the junction with the Gradaica River, th

19、e banks take on a more urban appearance. At this point, the old Hradecki Bridge has been renovated (2011), as have the Krakovo and Breg embankments (both in 2010) on the left bank. The Breg embankment has steps leading up to the Nova Square (Novi trg), which is also scheduled for renovation. This is

20、 one of the citys oldest squares and it adjoins the National and University Library, which was also built by Plenik. A hundred and fifty metres further on, in the direction of flow and still on the left bank, are the Hribarjevo embankment and the Dvorni Square, both of which were renovated shortly b

21、efore this intervention. On the opposite bank and perpendicular to the Cankarjevo embankment is Kljuavniarska Street (2009), which leads up to Castle Hill. This street has also been restored. On the left bank, after Triple Bridge, the Petkovkovo embankment has been refurbished with a pavilion built

22、out over the river with projecting steps constructed with the aim of offering a fine view of Castle Hill. The new, exclusively pedestrian Butchers Bridge (2010) links the centre of the Petkovkovo embankment with the stoa that Plenik built as the riverfront faade of the Trnica market. Some four hundr

23、ed metres downstream, the intervention finishes with the introduction of the new Grain Bridge (2010), which has projecting steps connecting with a floating pier.assessmentThe renovation of the riverside areas of the River Ljubljanica as it flows through the old centre of the capital is fruit of a co

24、llective effort which, concentrating available resources in specific operations and optimising coordination between different developers and authors, has embraced Pleniks humanist dream and given it continuity. The banks are wholly accessible, both in the longitudinal sense of their embankments and

25、in the transversal sense that the project establishes with the different types of adjoining urban fabric. A unitary public space and yet, at the same time, one that that is endowed with a profusion of special parts, the river now gives the old city centre sufficient power of attraction to counteract

26、 the centrifugal effects of urban sprawl.David Bravo Bordas, architect 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修设计师：Boris Podrecca、ATELIER arhitekti、URBI、BB ARHITEKTI、ATELJE VOZLI、 DANS arhitekti、TRIJE arhitekti 和 MEDPROSTOR 地址：斯洛文尼亚共和国 卢布尔雅那 这是由Boris Podrecca等设计师共同展开的卢布尔雅那河岸翻修项目，本项目获得了2012欧洲城市公共空间联合优胜奖。这条河贯穿城市的古老地区，设计师根据既有资源进行具体设

27、计。 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修 卢布尔雅那河岸翻修 TUR DE LA ROVIRA山顶景观 地址：西班牙 巴塞罗那 设计师：JANSANA、 DE LA VILLA、 DE PAAUW、ARQUITECTES SLP 和 AAUP. Jordi Romero i associats SLP 这是由JANSANA展开的一个位于山顶的瞭望装置的设计，设计师为这个眺望结构带去更多便利性和景观美感，同时将一个防空炮炮位与一些后来建造在此的破旧村庄结合在一起。Prior to the intervention. Over the next twenty years t

28、he hilltop, notable for the overlapping significant layers of history it had accumulated, surrendered its land to clumps of shrubs, rubbish dumping and graffiti, and was used as a lookout for the few people who knew the secret of its privileged views over the Carmel neighbourhood in the north and, i

29、n the opposite direction, the plain of Barcelona with the sea in the background.The residents of the Carmel neighbourhood and visitors from further away now have easier access to a site that offers both fine views and a delicate restoration of ruins, which are educational in their highlighting of th

30、e historical value of the site.General plan of the intervention.previous stateDuring the Spanish Civil War, the fascist Italian Legionary Air Force used Barcelona as its first testing ground in the brutal tactic of “carpet bombing” which eventually became routine practice in the Second World War. Ei

31、ght hundred people died in the indiscriminate attack, more than a thousand were wounded and about fifty buildings were destroyed. As its only defence the city had an extensive network of underground air raid shelters constructed by the population, and a system of anti-aircraft gun emplacements that

32、were installed by the Republican Government. The first of these was located on the top of the Tur de la Rovira which, with a height of 262 metres, is the highest peak in Barcelonas urban fabric.The military infrastructure, consisting of seven circular gun platforms, a rectangular platform for the mi

33、litary command personnel and shelters for the troops, was abandoned after the war ended. In the early post-war period the remains were used to construct a squatter settlement known as “Els Canons” (The Guns). Over decades of large-scale immigration of workers from other parts of Spain, and owing to

34、lack of housing, Els Canons ended up with more than a hundred self-built houses. If their inhabitants had few material resources, their resourcefulness was great and they were well organised, struggling for better accommodation in the future while, at the same time, equipping and improving their eve

35、ryday living space as best they could.The last of these shacks were demolished shortly before the 1992 Olympic Games, leaving behind on the hills stony ground tiled floors, fragments of stairs and remnants of masonry walls. Over the next twenty years the hilltop, marked by the overlapping of the sig

36、nificant fragments of history it had accumulated, surrendered its land to clumps of shrubs, rubbish dumping, graffiti and a lookout for the few people who knew the secret of its privileged views over the Carmel neighbourhood in the north and, in the opposite direction, the plain of Barcelona with th

37、e sea in the background.aim of the interventionEventually, at the initiative of the District of Horta Guinard municipal administration and the Agncia de Carmel (Carmel Neighbourhood Agency) and on the basis of a conceptual blueprint designed by the MUHBA (History of the City Museum of Barcelona), a

38、project of renovation and landscaping of the site was embarked upon with a view to creating a History of the City Museum heritage site in the Tres Turons (Three Hills) Park. This was to be a space conserving history and in memory of a recent and highly relevant past with a lookout that would be acce

39、ssible to the general public. The intervention aimed to minimise the impact on the existing features of the hilltop while bringing out its different layers of meaning. This archaeological space, combining relics of war and of twentieth-century informal urban growth, is now a unique case in the entir

40、e urban heritage and museum patrimony of the great European cities. descriptionThe intervention took as its starting point the awareness that this was a dynamic site, which was confirmed as the processes of cleaning up and clearing away of brushwood revealed new aspects of the idiosyncrasy of the pl

41、ace. Its steep slopes complicated the tasks involved in work that aimed to protect, consolidate and respect fragile, valuable ruins. Basic construction materials and rusting metal were used in the incorporation of new elements, which was reduced to an essential minimum. Fine handrails protect stairs