吨燃煤工业锅炉自动控制毕业设计

1、 20吨燃煤工业锅炉燃烧系统自动控制设计能源二班能源二班杨冠林杨冠林摘要 锅炉是热电厂最基本也是最主要的设备，我国目前在用的中小型锅炉有50多万台，每年燃煤3亿吨以上，在为数以万计的工厂和家庭带去能源的同时，也造成了严重的环境污染和资源浪费问题，这其中尤以燃煤锅炉问题突出。 因此，减少燃煤锅炉的排放，提高热效率，以达到节能环保，经济高效是我们追求的最终目标，我们的烟气含氧量参与控制的自控系统设计也应运而生。 关键词：ABSTRACT Thermal power plant boiler is the most basic and most main equipment, the domesti

2、c middle and small boiler in use has more than 50, ten thousand, more than 300 million tons of coal a year, in a few tens of thousands of factories and families bring energy at the same time, also caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste problems, and the problems especially in coal

3、-fired boiler. Although decades technical renovation, but still hasnt been a fundamental change. Reducing emissions of coal-fired boiler, therefore, improve the thermal efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of economic efficiency is our p

4、ursuit, our control system design of flue gas oxygen content control function is also arises at the historic moment. Manual coal-fired boiler combustion system are analyzed in detail and the development trend of automatic control and the present situation, the various kinds of instruments and equipm

5、ent needed for the system design in the list and evaluation, the features of the system, the automatic control process are analyzed. And from the economical and environmental protection for two kinds of combustion system of automatic control scheme comparison, after comparing the advantages and disa

6、dvantages of both optimal flue gas oxygen content control function is selected as the design of automatic control system design. In this paper, design of the operation of the control system is stable and reliable. Can greatly improve the energy efficiency, save energy, reduce emissions, to achieve e

7、nvironmental protection and sustainable development. With considerable social benefit and economic benefit. Key Words: The flue gas oxygen content in control Combustion system Auto-Control Energy saving and environmental protection系统论述 1、燃煤工业锅炉自动控制系统的发展与现状 2、燃煤工业锅炉燃烧自控系统的设计、方案论证 3、主要计算过程 4、仪器设备的选择 5

8、、系统经济分析工业锅炉简介锅炉的发展历程 （1）纯手动阶段 （2）自动化单元组合仪表控制阶段 （3）微机测控阶段 （4）智能控制理论推广阶段燃烧自动控制的基本要求 （1）保证所产蒸汽压力的稳定，能按负荷变化自行控制，自动增减燃料量； （2）保证良好地燃烧，供气适当。防止空气不足时烟囱冒黑烟因空气过量而增加热量的损失； （3）保持炉膛有适当的负压以保证锅炉安全运行，负压太小会造成炉膛内热烟气向外泄露，影响工作人员和设备的安全，负压过大会使大量的冷空气进入炉内，增大热损失。 设计方案论证 现在主要的控制方法： 模糊控制 PID控制 SMITH预估补偿控制“燃料-空气”比值控制 烟气含氧量参与控制“

9、燃料-空气”比值控制 优点：蒸汽出口压力稳定、燃空比不变、仪表少 缺点：不能完全燃烧、不能保证动态的空气燃料比的恒定烟气含氧量参与控制 优点：保证燃烧过程中燃料与空气的比值的最优比 缺点：系统复杂、仪表多、容易出错燃烧系统整体设计燃料控制系统的设计送风控制系统引风控制系统基础参数 设计额定压力：0.4Mpa 设计额定负荷： 14Mw 进水管DN: 100mm 蒸汽管DN225mm 进水流量:420T/h 工作温度:60 压力损失尽量小 蒸汽性质:饱合蒸汽 允许压力损失:0.1MPa 炉膛负压范围: 10-20 Pa 孔板计算仪器设备的选择 变送器u主蒸汽压力变送器上海适科暖通机电设备科技有限公司256EX的Setra汽压力变送器u炉膛负压变送器北京英泰德科技有限公司B0600型差压变送器u氧化锆氧量变送器山海晓周电子仪表工贸有限公司YYB94型氧量变送器仪器设备的选择 变频器u罗克韦尔公司1336PlusII系列1336F-B 150型号变频器 温度测量元件uWRP-130型热电偶 压力测量元件u炉膛负压：DBY-010型微压变送器 辅助仪器u阻尼器：DFZ-01u电流转换器：DZLX-1100u带报警的压力指示仪：C2103系统经济分