主谓一致的基本原则

1、主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则：1）语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如， 主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是 复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如： The students are very young. This picture looks beautiful.2）意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如, 主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复 数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数， 谓语动词也采取单数形式。1 .The people in that country are fighting for independence 2. T

2、he crowd deeply respect their leader.3. Three years in a strange land seems a long time 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最 靠近它的词语。例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.Either .or2. 主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：1）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式a. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语 动词通常用单数形式。例如：1 .Two h

3、undred miles is a long distance.2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book b 由 anyone ? anything, anybody, no one ? nothing, everyone ? everybody, everything, someone ? somebody, each, either? neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使 用单数形式。例如：1 .Someone is knocking at the door.2.Anything is better than going to the m

4、ovie tonight.c. 由"a series of, a kind of, a portion of + 名i司”作主 语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.d. 由"many a, more than one +单数名词”作主语， 尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。 例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long breakThere is more than one answe

5、r to your question.e. “名词+2nd+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概 念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now. （i文7人既 是作家又是教育家）A writer and a educator£. Either （neither） + of +复数名词（或代词）”作主语，谓 语动词用单数形式。例如：l.If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work.2.Neither

6、 of them wants to come g. 在 each - - and each - - -, every - and every等纟吉构之 后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each man and each woman has the right to vote h动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式。例如：What I want to say is none of your business Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.i. 以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics（政 7台学）,

7、mathematics（数学）,statistics（统计学）,acoustics（声 学），linguistics（语言学）等，谓语动词用单数形式。例 如：Mathematics is what he majors in 2）下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于。£后的名词。（意义一致）由 “all，none, no, most, half, the last, the rest, the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单 复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：None of the food is wasted None of the stude

8、nts were absent.The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday b> 由"lots of, heaps of, loads Of, scads of + 名词”作 主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而 定。例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon There is loads of milk on the farm

9、 There are loads of big red apples on the ground.There is heaps of fun.C.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓 语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复 数形式。例如：Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.3）下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。由“thc+形容词”这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的 原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 （女

10、口 the rich? the poor, the blind, the deaf, the sick, the young, the old），谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人 或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The blind are taught trades in special schools （表示一类 人）The good in him overweighs the bad.（表不抽象概念） The departed was a good friend of his.（表示个人）b family, crowd, committee, class? audience? gro

11、up, government> team, public, majority, minority 等集合 名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。 例如：The family like to listen to the music （the family 扌旨文家 人，用作复数）The family is small. （the family 指这个家庭，用作单数）The committee has considered your proposal. （the committee指委员会，用作单数）The committee were arguing for an hour bef

12、ore they gave their votes（the committee指委员会的委员们,用作 复数）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般 单复数均可。例如：Five and six make/7makes eleven.Seven times ten are seventy j但是： Twenty from thirty leaves ten Six sevens are fbrtv-two.jb. 由Hone in/out of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复 数均可。例如：One in ten were/was present 下列

13、结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。由and或both-and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作 主语时，一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如:A girl and a boy want to go Both rice and wheat are grown in that country 6）下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况 而定。2 as well as, together with ? besides, like, along with, with but? except, accompanied by, rather than? including 连接两个名词作主语，谓语单复数形式应由连接

14、词前 的名词而定。例如：The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.The young mother with her two children is coming now.The plant manager, like many technicians ? is experienced in designing new products b. “名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动

15、词单复数形式 跟of前的名词一致。例如：The picture of the children 孩子白勺照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.c. not only ebut also? either-or, neither-nor or 连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词 的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决 定。例如：He or you have taken

16、 my pen Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything aboutit.One or two days are enough to visit the city.d. there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于 其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如：There is a garden in front of the house.There are two things Td like to say here.7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a.由"this/that kind/type of +名词”作主语，谓语

17、动 词用单数形式；而由"these/those kind/type of +复数 名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：1. This kind of apples is highly priced j文种2. Those kind(s) of tests are good. 那此b 由 “a number of, a total of, an average of + 复数名 词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“thcnumbur of, the total of, the average of + 复数名词”作主语，谓 语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of stude

18、nts are waiting for the bus The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c one of, the (only) one of 白勺-*致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the (only) one of the books that has been recommended 3. 前后呼应的用法1) 当 everyone ? everybody, no one, nobody, any

19、one, anybody ? someone, somebody, everything ? anything, something, nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般 用单数形式。例如：If anybody calls, tell him that Fm out.Something strange happened ? didn't it?Every passenger has to carry his own luggage 2) 人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词l(mc)，he (him) ? she (her) ? it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词，而they (

20、them), wc (us)贝！J是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表 单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he 或one来表示。例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession.The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours o3) 物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our,

21、his, her, its, their 要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如：The welfare department, as well as the other social services ? will have its budget cut Delphins are warm-blooded ； that is, their body temperature always stays about the same ? regardless of the surroundings.4) 反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。Manyprimitive people believed that b

22、y eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself.I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea 名词或不可数名词 还可以用作先行词 例如：5）指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数 ,these和those指代复数名词（those ，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”）。She invited all those