虚拟语气学生版doc

1、虚拟语气虚拟语气概述虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。虚拟语气要用特定的动词形式。Period 1一、虚拟语气在条件从句的用法1表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句主句动词过去式（be用were）would(should, could, might)+动词原形 We _(go) with you if we _(have) time. We _(ask) him if he _(be) here. If I_(know) his telephone number, I _(ring) h

2、im up.2表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句主句had+过去分词would(should, could, might)+have+动词的过去分词 If he _(see) you yesterday, he _(ask) you about it. If you _(come) earlier, you _(meet)him. I_(call) you if I _(know) your telephone number.3表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的形式条件从句主句动词过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形would(should, could, might)

3、+动词原形 If it _(rain), the crops _(save). If it _(snow) tomorrow, they would not go out.二、错综时间条件句 / 混合虚拟条件句 有时虚拟条件句中的主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致, 主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整. If you _(speak) to him last time you saw him, you _(know) what to do now.3、 含蓄条件句 指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引

4、导的条件句。 表示含蓄虚拟条件的方法有：（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, without等。 But for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.=If _ the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today. (2) 连词，如：or(otherwise), else, or else ,in case, lest, for fear that(唯恐), but that等 He was ta

5、ken to hospital at once, otherwise he_(die).They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they would never have been able to afford to go. 注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，should可省略，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. Care must

6、be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 4、 虚拟条件句中的倒装若虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可以省略if，把were, had, should提到主语前，用倒装结构。如果你早点通知我的话，我就不会去机场接你了。如果我有时间，我就跟你去购物。Period 2Step1 Revision 1. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 1) The volleyball match will be put off if it . A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rai

7、ned 2) - Would you have called her up possible? - Yes, but I busy doing my homework. A. had it been; was B. if it was; wereC. if it had been; had been D. if it were; would be 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 3) If I you, I more attention to English idioms. A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. were; would pay D. would

8、 be; would pay 4) If I had seen the whole accident, I you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 5) I lost your address, otherwise I to you. A. had written B. have written C. would have written D. should write 6) He has got a ticket for tomorrow. today, he would

9、 get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 7) - I am sorry I spent so much money, Dad. - I wish you so any more. A. wouldnt do B. dont do C. hadnt done D. havent done 8) It is suggested that all the people those in trouble a helping hand. A. offer B.

10、 will offer C. offered D. would offer 9) The order came that the medical supplies to the village soon. A. would be sent .B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 10) Lets finish our homework in a few seconds; its time we . A. played football B. will play footballC. play football D. are playing foot

11、ball Step2名词性从句中的虚拟语气的用法:一. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用:1.wish + 宾语从句1) I wish I were a bird. 现在: 2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. 过去: 3)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. 将来: Ex. a) I wish she there with us now. b) I wish she there with us tomorrow. c) I wish she there with us yesterday. A. goes B. wen

12、t C. had gone D. would go 2. would rather ( that ) 1) I would rather you paid me now. 现在: 2) I would rather you had not told her the news. 过去: 3) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. 将来: Ex. - he come to see you? -Of course, please. And Id rather he me the truth. A. Will; inform B. Shall; to

13、ldC. Should; will say D. Can; spoke3. 表示要求,命令,建议等动词后的宾语从句 一个坚持: 两个命令: 三个建议: 四个要求: 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法.即从句中的动词使用 . 注意: insist: suggest: Ex. a) The leader insisted that the plan out. b) The leader insisted that the plan reasonable and we carry it out. A. should carry B. be carried C. be D. was c) Her

14、 pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. were; was二. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用: 基本句型:1. It is suggested/ ordered/ proposed/ required/ demanded/ requested/ insisted+ that + 2. It is important/ necessary/ natu

15、ral/ desirable/ strange/ advisable+ that + 3. It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder+ that + Ex. a) It is important for you to master a foreign language. - It is important that you a foreign language. b) It is ordered that no smoking allowed in the reading room. A. is B. would be C. are D. be三. 虚拟语气在表语从句中

16、的使用: 主句主语是:suggestion/ proposal/ idea/ plan/ order/ advice等名词后面的表语从句中要用虚拟语气,即 Ex. a) 他的建议是我们立即完成这项工作. His advice is that the work at once.b) My suggestion for you is to make an apology. - My suggestion is that you to him.c) The proposal was that the sports meeting off until next week. A. to put B. s

17、hould put C. be putting D. be put四. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用:suggestion/ proposal/ idea/ plan/ order/ advice/ recommendation/ request等名词后面的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即 What do you think of my idea (我们为运动会做好准备)Step3状语从句中的虚拟语气的用法: 在as if / as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气. a) The man speaks as if he a foreigner.b) T

18、hey talked as if they good friends for years. 注: as if / as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气.如果情况真实性可能性很大,就要用陈述语气. c)It looks as if ( 天看起来就要下雨.)Step4几种特殊结构中的虚拟语气的用法.一. 定语从句中的虚拟语气的用法:1. 你该走了.(1) Its high time that you went. 结构:(2) Its high time that you should go. 结构:2. 我们该好好努力了. 二. think / want / hope/ expect/ p

19、lan/ mean/ intend等动词用过去完成时表示“原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事”.其后的宾语从句谓语用“would+动词原形”.1. I to help her, but I was too busy at that time.2. I that she go to the USA and study there, but she said she liked to study in China. 虚拟语气练习1. If I had had enough time, I_ my work.A. would finish B. must have finished C. would

20、have finished D. had finished 2. Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane.A. will catch B would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 3. If he had studied hard, he_ a college student now.A. would be B. could be C. had been D. were 4. If there were no water in the world, everything _.A. will di

21、e B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 5. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. If I had known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 6. _, I would have taken a taxi.A. In your room B. In your shoes C. In your house D. If I had been 7 .I _, but I w

22、as stopped by the heavy rain.A. mean to comeB. meant to comeC. had meant to comeD. meant coming 8. If you had spoken clearly, you would_.A. understand itB. have understoodC .be understoodD. have been understood 9 .If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watchedB. had

23、nt watchedC. didnt watchD. wouldnt have watched B10. - If he _, he_ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. would be warned; had not takenC. had been warned; would not have takenD. would have been warned; had not taken 11. _ to rain tomorrow, we wo

24、uld cancel the match. A. It were B. If were it C. Were it D. Should it 12. You _ be a fool to refuse to follow his advice. A. should B. must C. would D. could 13. _ for the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibition. A. If it had been B. Had it been C. It had not been D. Had it not been 14. I _

25、the meeting, but I have been too busy. A. will not attend B. would have attended C. would attend D. had attended 15. Should I happen to see him at school, I _ tell him to come back at once. A. can B. could C. will D. would 16. _ the Communist Party, New China couldnt have been founded in 1949. A. Wi

26、thout B. With C. But D. For 17. She _ to town yesterday, otherwise I should have met her at her home. A. had gone B. would go C. went D. should go 18. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set    B. had done; should be set   C. do; be set  

27、D. had done; must be set19. My suggestion was that the meeting _off still next week. A. be put  B. to put  C. should put  D. be putting 20. The order came that the medical supplies _to the village soon. A. would be sent  B. should send  C. be sent  D. must be sent21. It

28、 is necessary that the problem _ at once.   A. solves  B. should solve  C. should be solved   D. will be solve22. Lets finish our homework in a few seconds; its time we _. A. played football B. will play footballC. play football D. are playing football23. _ it had snowed, we

29、 would have had a very pleasant journey.A. If B. But for C. Without D. But that 24. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come25.-What is his suggestion? -The road _ at once. A. can be repaired B. should be repaired C.

30、 must be repaired D. may be repaired26. Where is my dictionary? I _ it. A. might lose B. must have lost C. should have lost D. would have lost27.-I slept outside all the night because I lost the key to my bedroom. -Oh, did you? You _ with John in the factory. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. wo

31、uld stay D. must have stayed28. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ it out for her. A. had to write B. must have written C. should have written D. ought to write29. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to h

32、ave30. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will31. I would not have succeeded _ your help. A. but for B. except C. but that D. with32. If only I _ able to speak to her before she died. A. was B. were C. had been D. must have

33、been33. Im surprised that he _ refuse to see me. A. should B. shall C. may D. must34. My mother would rather we _ each other any more. A. wont see B. didnt see C. shant see D. mustnt35. How I wished I _ the answer at that time. A. knew B. had known C. would know D. would have known36. It is really s

34、urprising that the girl _ marry so early. A. may B. can C. should D. must37. He talked about Beijing as if he _ Beijing.A. went to B. has gone to C. had been to D. has been to38. -Im sorry, sir. -You _ come here five minutes earlier. Dont be late next time. A. should have B. could have C. would have D. might have39. Liu Hulan would rather _ than _.A. died, surrendered B. died, surrender C. die, surrendered D. die, surrender40. Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay.A. had been tended