当代研究生英语教程unit3Writing课件

1、Reading and Writing外语教学与研究出版社Book OneWritingWriting外语教学与研究出版社Book One A type of writing in which writers share their opinons and the pearsonal experience, observation, or information that led to the formation, evolution, or reevaluation of the opinion. Affirming discourse外语教学与研究出版社Book OneDeterminin

2、g your relationship to your readers Selecting a topic Narrowing the topic Making sure the story has its significance Organizing your thoughts Writing expressive discourse 外语教学与研究出版社Book OneSample 1 Women in the Workforce In many countries throughout the world, working women face problems because of

3、their inability to achieve equality in the workforce. Rather than superficial remedies that dont really end discrimination against women, creative solutions that truly allow women to enter and advance to the highest levels in the workforce are necessary. Furthermore, there must be a realization that

4、 the workforce is a different place today since most women work and women bear children. It is time for governments and companies to implement policies that address the needs of working women. These policies should not merely break down superficial barriers, but should work at eliminating the root o

5、f discrimination. They should also take advantage of what this segment of society can uniquely offer the workforce. But first, everyone must recognize the fact that most working women will have children, will want time out to do so, and will need child-care for them after they are born.外语教学与研究出版社Boo

6、k One If women are not given an answer to their child-care needs, not only the children but the entire society will suffer. One question to be answered is how women can be given equal opportunity and advancement within a company and still be able to take time out to have children. This is a complex

7、issue, considering the high cost to companies, especially small companies, when a woman leaves to have children after years of training. However, solutions can be found, such as allowing employees to work at home. My view is that equality in the workplace comes not from treating women like “men in s

8、kirts”. Rather, womens differences and the changed workplace that has resulted from women entering the workforce must be considered in establishing true equality. Family leaves, child-care, and flexible working hours are benefits that should be offered to all working women to enable them to realize

9、their fullest potential as valuable resources in the modern workforce.外语教学与研究出版社Book OneSample 2 Maupassants Use of Setting in “The Necklace” In “The Necklace” Guy de Maupassant uses setting to reflect the character and development of the main figure, Mathilde Loisel. As a result, his setting is not

10、 particularly vivid or detailed. He does not even provide a description of the ill-fated necklace the central object in the story but states only that it is “superb”. He includes only enough description to illuminate his central character, Mathilde. Her changing character may be related to the first

11、 apartment, the dream-life mansion rooms, and the attic flat. Details about the modest apartment of the Loisels on the street of Martyrs indicate Mathildes peevish lack of adjustment to life. Though everything is serviceable, she is unhappy with the “drab” walls, “threadbare” furniture, and “ugly” c

12、urtains. She has domestic help but wants more servants than the simple country girl who does the household chores. Her dissatisfaction is also shown by details of her irregularly cleaned tablecloth and the plain and inelegant boiled beef that her husband adores. Even her best formal dress, which she

13、 wears for the theater, makes her unhappy. All these details of the apartment establish that Mathildes dominant character trait at the start of the story is maladjustment. She therefore seems unpleasant and unsympathetic.外语教学与研究出版社Book OneLike the real-life apartment, the impossible expensive settin

14、g of her day-dreams strengthens her unhappiness and her avoidance of reality. All the rooms of her fantasies are large and expensive, draped in silk, and filled with nothing but the best furniture. With dreams like these filling her mind, her despair is even greater. Ironically, this despair, togeth

15、er with her inability to live with reality, brings about her undoing. It makes her agree to borrow the necklace (which is just as unreal as her daydreams of wealth), and losing the necklace drives her into the reality of giving up her apartment and moving into an attic flat. Also ironically, the att

16、ic flat is related to the coarsening of Mathildes character while at the same time it brings out her best qualities of cooperativeness and honesty. Maupassant emphasizes the drudgery of the work she endures to maintain the flat, such as walking up many stairs, washing floors with large buckets of wa

17、ter, cleaning greasy and encrusted pots and pans, taking out the外语教学与研究出版社Book Onegarbage, handwashing clothes, and haggling loudly with local tradespeople. All this reflects her coarsening and loss of sensibility, also shown by her giving up hair and hand care and wearing the cheapest dresses. The

18、things she does, however, make her heroic. As she cooperates to help her husband pay back the loans, her dreams of a mansion fade and all she has left is the memory of that one happy evening at the Minister of Educations reception. Thus the attic flat brings out her physical change for the worse at

19、the same time that it also brings out her psychological and moral change for the better.外语教学与研究出版社Book OneSample 3 The Influence of Televised Violence on Children Lets face it. Television producers are in business to make money. Their main concern is what sells, and nothing sells better than sensati

20、onalism. In an effort to gain a larger share of the audience, television producers now treat subject matter that would never have been acceptable ten years ago. The imposing of violence on television is one aspect of that sensationalism, exploited to please a thrill-seeking audience. This is especia

21、lly true on shows aimed at children. Psychologists, prompted by concerned parents, have begun studying the effects on children of viewing this increased aggression. The average program for children contains 20 acts of violence per hour compared to an overall average of 7 acts of violence per hour. R

22、esearch reveals three significant consequences of viewing violence on television. First, aggressive acts on television numb children to real world violence. One study shows that even a brief exposure to a fairly violent show makes children indifferent to the same aggression in real life. Preschooler

23、s are 外语教学与研究出版社Book Oneespecially affected by television because they are usually unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy. If they see an aggressive act, they are likely to believe that it is real and so accept it as normal. This potential confusion leads to the second effect of watching violence on television: a distorted perception of the world. Some children are led to believe that acts of hostility are normal, common, even expected. As a result, these children may lead a restricted life, afraid of the violence which they imagine