新概念第四册Lesson28~30课文翻译及学习笔记

1、新概念第四册 Lesson2830 课文翻译及学习 笔记新概念第四册 Lesson28 课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。What are patients looking for when they visit the doctor?This is a sceptical age, but although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has wea

2、kened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same a theirs. This modern faith in medicines is proved the fact that the annual drug bill of the Health Services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise. The majority

3、of thepatients attending the medical out-patients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in cha

4、rge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements. There is no quicker method of disposing of patients then by giving them what they are asking for, and since most medical men in the Health Services are overworked and have little time for offering time-consuming and lit

5、tle-appreciated advice on such subjects as diet, right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them.Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine. It is recounted of Thomas Carl

6、yle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him,carrying withhim in hispocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle' s.Carlyle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in hispocket co

7、ntained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife, but a medicine that had worked so well in one form of illness would surely be of equal benefit in another, and comforted by the thought of the help he was bringing to his f

8、riend, he hastened to Henry Taylor' s house. History does notrelate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did. The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a momentwith a disgusting taste, and that

9、 is what all patients demand of their doctors - to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.【 New words and expressions生词和短语】sceptical adj.怀疑的forefathers n.祖先fervently adv.热情地curative adj. 治病的tangible adj. 实实在在的remedy n. 药物ointment n. 药膏prescribe v. 开药方indisposition n. 小病disgusting n. 令人讨厌的inconve

10、nience n. 不便 【课文注释】 1.sceptical adj. 怀疑的 例句： Mary is sceptical about the solution. 玛丽对这个解决办法表示怀疑。例句： For her sake, as well as for John ' s, I hoped fervently that she might still be found.为了她的缘故， 也为了约翰， 我热切地希望她能被找到。3. curative adj. 治病的例句： The scaffold were believed to have curative powers.人们认为绞刑

11、架具有治病的功效。4. the same a theirs ， 这 里 的 theirs 是 指 our forefathers 。5. astronomical figures天文数字6. tangible adj. 可触摸的， 实际的， 有形的， 确凿例句： It is the only tangible object the astronomercan handle.这是天文学家能够掌握的可接触的对象。The plan brought few tangible benefits to the poor. 这个计划没有给穷人带来多少实际好处。【反义词】intangible adj. 难以明

12、了的，无形的例句： The old building have an intangible air ofsadness about it.那座古老建筑物周围笼罩著说不出的凄凉气氛。Sound is intangible and the same is true of light.声音是无形的，而光也同样如此。7.only too ready to provide非常乐意提供。在英语中tooto do的结构通常表示否定，但如果在前面加上only ，就有“非常能做”的意思。8.dispose of 处理 例句： I want to dispose of these old books.我想处理掉这

13、些旧书。He doesn 't know how to dispose of his spare time.他不知道怎样安排业余时间。9.It is recounted of ThomasCarlyle 据说，托马斯 卡 莱尔（有下面这件事）。托马斯 卡莱尔是19世纪英国的 散文作家和历史学家。10.prescribe v.开处方， 规定例句： I ' ll prescribe for you as soon as I get the report.我拿到报告就给你开处方。短语词组】【词义辨析】recommend, advocate, propose, suggest, pre

14、scribe 这些动词均含“劝告、主张、建议”之意。recommend: 指向对方提出公开的建议或规劝。advocate:指公开表明对某事或某行为的完全赞同，语气强于 recommend。propose:多指较正式地提出建议。suggest:语气较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见prescribe:多指医生开处方。11.in all probability很可能例句： In all probability the moneywill not be paid.这笔钱很可能是不会偿付的Having disappeared for long, he has been kidnappedin all

15、 probability.他失踪了这么久十之八九是被绑架了。12.put up with忍受例句： We have to put up with her bad temper.我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。Noise is coming to the point where we can' t putup with it.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。【参考译文】这是一个怀疑一切的时代，可是虽然我们对我们祖先笃 信的许多事物已不太相信，我们对瓶装药品疗效的信心仍与 祖辈一样坚定。卫生部门的年度药费上升到了天文数字，并 且目前尚无停止上升的迹象，这个事实证实了现代人对药物 的依赖。在医院门诊部看

16、病的大多数人觉得，如果不能带回一些看得见、摸得着的药物，如一瓶药水，一盒药丸、一小 瓶药膏回家的话，就没算得到了充分的治疗。负责门诊的医 生也非常乐意为前来看病的人提供他们想要得到的药物，病 人要什么就给什么，没有比这样处理病人更快的方法了。因 为卫生部门的大多数医生超负荷工作，所以没有多少时间提 出一些既费时而又不受人欢迎的忠告，如注意饮食、生活有 规律，需要克服坏习惯等等，结果就是把瓶药、盒药、罐药 开给看病的人而完事大吉。并不只是那些无知和没受过良好教育的人才迷信药瓶 子。据说托马斯 . 卡莱尔有过这么一件事：他听说朋友亨利 泰勒病了，就立刻跑去看他，衣袋里装上了他妻子不舒服时 吃剩下的

17、一瓶药。卡莱尔不知道药瓶子里装的是什么药，不 知道他的朋友得的是什么病，也不知道妻子以前得的是什么 病，只知道一种药对一种病有好处，肯定对另一种病也会有 好处。想到能对朋友有所帮助，他感到很欣慰，于是急急忙 忙来到了亨利 . 泰勒的家里，他的朋友是否接受了他的药物 治疗，历史没有记载，但很可能接受了。服药的优点是：除 了暂时忍受一下令人作呕的味道外，对服药人别无其他要 求。这也正是病人对医生的要求 - 病要治好，但不要太麻 烦。新概念第四册 Lesson29 课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音

18、，然后回答以下问题。What is a hovercraft riding on when it is in motion?Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft. In 1953, a former electronics engineer in his fifties, Christopher Cockerell, who had turned to boat-building on t

19、he Norfolk Broads, suggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles. It was the idea of supporting a craft on a pad', orcushion, of low-pressure air, ringed with a curtain of higher pressure air. Ever since, people have had difficulty

20、 in deciding whether the craft should beranged among ships, planes, or land vehicles - for it is something in between a boat and an aircraft. As a shipbuilder, Cockerell was trying to find a solution to the problem of the wave resistance which wastes a good deal of a surface ship' s power and li

21、mits itsspeed. His answer was to lift the vessel out of the water by making it ride on a cushion of air, no more than one or two feet thick. This is done by a great number of ring-shaped air jets on the bottom of the craft. It flies ' , therefore, but it cannot fly higher - its action depends on

22、 the surface, water or ground, over which it rides.The first tests on the Solent in 1959 caused a sensation. The hovercraft travelled first over the water, then mounted the beach, climbed up the dunes, and sat down on a road. Later it crossed the Channel, riding smoothly over the waves, which presen

23、ted no problem.Since that time, various types of hovercraft have appeared and taken up regular service. The hovercraft is particularly useful in large areas with poor communications such as Africa or Australia; it canbecome a flying fruit-bowl', carrying bananas fromairthe plantations to the por

24、ts; giant hovercraft liners could span the Atlantic; and the railway of the future may well be the hovertrain ' , riding on its cushion over a single rail, which it never touches, at speeds up to 300 - the possibilities appear unlimited.EGON LARSEN The Pegasus Book of Inventors【 New words and ex

25、pressions生词和短语】hovercraft n.气垫船Norfolk Broads n.诺福克郡的湖泊地区cushion n. 座垫ring v. 围Solent n. （ 英国的 ）苏伦特海峡 sensation n. 轰动dune n. 沙丘plantation n.种植园hovertrain n.气垫火车【课文注释】the1. the strangest of them being perhaps hovercraft 这是现在分词 being 的独立主格结构。2. turned to direct one' s interest or attentiontowards;

26、 go into 求助于 , 转向，在本段中的含义是“ 行”。例句： I had to turn to the dictionary for help.我只得求助于字典了。The pop singer turned to figure in soap operas.那位流行歌星转向屏幕，在肥皂剧中扮演角色。3. had been working 过去完成进行时，通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完 成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束 。day.例句： He had been bumming around the park all他在公园里荡了一整天了。He stoppe

27、d swimming.He had been swimming for the last three hours.他停止游泳了。在过去的三个小时里，他一直在游泳。4. range v.排列 , 归类于例句： The documents may range from a single sheet to a large packet of papers.文件可以单页排列，也可以多页打包排列。5.in between, 介乎 之间，这是一种组合介词6.a surface ship,水面船只。7.sensation n.感觉, 轰动 , 激动 , 知觉例句： He had a sensation of

28、 dizziness.他有一种晕眩的感觉。The new discovery caused a great sensation. 这项新发现很轰动。8. present no problem 没有出现任何问题 【词义辨析】modern, contemporary, current, recent, present,up-to-date 这些形容词均有“现代的、当代的”之意。modern: 指现代或近代，时期可长可短 ; 也可指新颖、 时髦的。contemporary:仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代，但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代current: 指目前存在和发生的。recent:

29、表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰 的人或物而定。present: 是这些词中语气的一个。指现在正发生、起 作用的。up-to-date: 一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映 当前的最新发展。offer, present, propose, volunteer 这些动词均含 “提 出、提供”之意。offer: 最普通用词，多指主动提出或提供意见或东西 等，但是否接受由对方自行决定。present: 既可指提出意见、建议等，又可指拿出某物 供人欣赏或赠送。propose:指直接而主动地提出问题或建议等，也指在讨论或争辨中提出具体意见或建议。volunteer: 与 offer 同义，侧重

30、出于自愿，而不是奉 命做某事。9. may well be, 很可能是。例句： This novel may well become a classic. 这本小说很可能成为经典著作。Since he can play many musical instruments, he may well be called a man ofaccomplishments. 他能演奏许多乐器，当然称得上是个多才多艺的人。10. speed up 加快速度例句： Harden up a little, we need more speed. 把帆索拉紧一点，我们需要加快速度The order No.105

31、is so urgently required that wehave to ask you to speed upshipment.第 105 号订单所订货物我们要急用，请你们加快装船速度。【参考译文】本世纪已研制出许多新奇的交通工具，其中最新奇的要 数气垫船了。 1953年，有一位 50 多岁名叫克里斯托弗 . 科克 雷的原电子工程师，改行在诺福克郡的湖泊地区从事造船 业，他向英国政府和工业界提出了他研究多年的一项计划。 他的设想是：用一个低压空气或软垫来支撑船体，软垫周围 用高压空气环绕。自那以后，人们很难决定是否应该将这种 运载工具列为轮船、飞机，或是陆上交通工具，因为它是介 于船和飞

32、机之间。作为一个船舶技师，科克雷尔在寻找解决 波浪阻力的方法，因为波浪阻力浪费掉了船在水面行驶的大 量动力，从而限制了船的速度。他的解决办法是把船体提离 水面，让船在一个气垫上行驶，气垫只有一两英尺厚。船底 装上大量环状喷气嘴以实现这一目的。这样，船就能飞了， 但飞不高。它的飞行限决于它所悬浮的水面或地面。1959 年，在苏伦特海峡进行的首次试航引起了轰动， 气 垫船先是在水面上行驶，后又登上海岸，爬上沙丘，最后停 在路上。后来气垫船跨越英吉利海峡，平衡地在波浪上方行 驶，波浪不再产生阻力。从那以后，各种各样的气垫船出现了，并开始了定期航 行服务。气垫船在非洲、澳大利亚等交通不发达地区特别有

33、用。它能成为“飞行水果盘子” ，把香蕉从种植园运到港口 大型的气垫班轮或许能跨越大西洋。未来的火车或许能成为 “气垫火车” ，靠气垫在单轨上行驶而不接触轨道，时速可 达每小时 300 英里。气垫船的前途是不可限量的。新概念第四册 Lesson30 课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。How did people probably imagine the sea-floor before it was investigated?Our knowledge of the ocea

34、ns a hundred years ago wasconfined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface and the hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land. The open sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confin

35、es of the oceans probably assumed that the sea bed was flat. Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, but it was not until 1869, ' s observation that many parts of the ocean were two to there miles deep, and the existence of underwater features of considerable

36、magnitude.knowToday, enough soundings are available to enable arelief map of the Atlantic to be drawn and we something of the great variety of the sea bed' s topography. Since the sea covers the greater part of the earth ' s surface, it is quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basi

37、c form of the crust of the earth, with, superimposed upon it, the continents, together with the islands and other features of the oceans. The continents form rugged tablelands which stand nearly three miles above the floor of the open ocean. From the shore line, out a distance which may be anywhere

38、from a few miles to a few hundred miles, runs the gentle slope of the continental shelf, geologically part of the continents. The real dividing line between continents and oceans occurs at the foot of a steeper slope.This continental slope usually starts at a place somewhere near the 100-fatheom mar

39、k and in the course of a few hundred miles reaches the true ocean floor at 2,500-3,500 fathoms. The slope averages about 1 in 30. but contains steep, probably vertical, cliffs, and gentle sediment-covered terraces, and near its lower reaches there is a long tailing-off which is almost certainly the

40、result of material transported out to deep water after being eroded from the continental masses.【 New words and expressions生词和短语】navigation n. 航海sounding n. 水深度fathom n. 寻（1 寻等于 1.8 米 ）porcupine n. 箭猪dredge v. 挖掘expedition n. 远征physicist n. 物理学家magnitude n. 很多topography n. 地形crust n. 地壳rugged adj.崎岖

41、不平tableland n.高地sediment n.沉淀物terrace n.阶地erode v. 侵蚀【课文注释】1.be confined to 限制在，局限于例句： He was confined to bed for a week with his cold.他由于感冒而被限制在床上躺一个星期。The work will not be confined to the Glasgow area.此项工作不会局限于格拉斯哥地区2.hazard n. 危险，冒险，危害例句： The car had its hazard warning lights on. 这辆汽车亮起了危险信号灯。 v.

42、 冒险，赌运气例句： He hazarded all his money in the attempt tosave the business.他为挽救这家企业，不惜冒险投入他的全部金钱。I ' ll hazard a dollar on the bingo game. 我在这局宾果游戏上赌一元钱。【词义辨析】danger, risk, hazard, menace, peril, threat这些名词均含有“危险、威胁”之意danger: 含义广，普通用词，指能够造成伤害、损害或 不利的任何情况。risk: 指有可能发生的危险，尤指主动进行某种活动或 去碰运气而冒的危险。hazard

43、: 比 risk 正式，多指偶然发生的或无法控制的 危险，常含较严重或有一定风险的意味。menace: 所指的危险性最严重，表示使用暴力或造成破 坏性的可能。peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能发生的严重危险。threat:普通用词，语气弱于menace,指任何公开侵犯对方的言行，给对方构成危险或威胁。venture, chance, dare, hazard, risk这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。venture:指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。chance: 指碰运气、冒风险试试dare: 可与 venture 换用，但语气较强，着重挑战或违 抗。hazard: 主要指冒险作出某个选

44、择，隐含碰运气意味。risk: 指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。3.irregularity n.不规则性，不规则的事物例句： Adjust this setting to control the amount of irregularity in the wind.调节设置控制风的不规则的数量。4.shallow water 浅水区5.open sea 无边际的大海6.gave more than a passing thought稍微想过7.H. M. S. 是 Her/His Majesty ' s Ship （ 英国皇家海 军舰艇 ）的缩写。8.at the disposal of交由支配dispose v. 清除，处理掉，解决，杀死，打败例句： His job is to dispose of the rubbish every nigh