专题：现在完成时(学生习题版)

1、 专题：现在完成时1. 现在完成时定义： (1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果； (2)也可表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续持续下去。2.基本结构：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 + 其他。 （1）当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。    （2）当have被用在现在完成时态中时，它可以和前面的代名词一起组成缩写形式。 （3）现在完成时用not来表达否定形式。当有not出现的时候，have可以和not组成缩写， 但是此时不能和前面的代名词组成缩写。 （4）过去分词:规则动词的过去分词

2、构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。3.基本句式：否定式: 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has. (肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. (否定)4.基本用法：    （1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。 常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。     

3、0;如：-Have you had lunch yet?    你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ -Yes,I have. I've just had it.我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）         -I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。 -Have you found your lost pen yet?你找到丢失的钢笔了吗？ -No,I haven't found it yet.没，我还没有找到。

4、60;     （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。 常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语，多为延续性动词。    如：He has taught here since 1981.他自1981年就在这教书。(可能还要继续教)        I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。     （3）表示说话前发生

5、过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”， 常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。   如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。（4）现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以already, just和yet为标志：already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。       * 以ever和never为标志： ever和never 表示到现在为止动

6、作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。       * 以动作发生的次数为标志： 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。  * 以so far为标志： so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。5.现在完成时的时间状语: For+一段时间（时间段），since+时间点或时间状语从句，so far (到目前为止，迄今为止), ever（曾经）, never（出来不）, just（刚刚）, yet（还）， till now, until now, up to now（直到现在）, in the past two yea

7、rsmonths(在过去的两年里数月), the last few years(近几年里), before(以前), already（已经）, recently（最近）, lately（最近）, once（一次），twice(两次),three times（三次）等等。 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, just now, in the past, three years ago等(一般过去时常常与具体的时间状语连用)。但是，现在完成时在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和模糊的、能延续的时间

8、状语连用，或无时间状语。       just: 刚刚，不是动作刚刚结束，常位于助动词和过去分词之间。already: 已经，常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词后、过去分词前，也可放在句末。yet:常和现在完成时连用，yet用在疑问句中“已经”，否定句中“还”，常放在句末。 already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。      &#

9、160;  They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 用ever （曾经）和never（从来没有）。多用于否定或疑问句中。  如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？              -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 

10、60;   如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.  我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。  He has been there three times the last few years.  近几年他去过那里三次了。(2)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month,year,term)等。 如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.  今天你见过他

11、吗？我 没有。  How many times have you been there this year?  今年你去过那里多少次？6.非延续性动词与一段时间连用可采用下列三种方法:" (1)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.  但是，像come, arrive, buy, go, leave, start, die, finish, end, become等短暂性动词(终止性动词)不能与表示“一

12、段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为延续性动词(如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know等)来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here    begin(start)be on die be dead   come backbe back come be here go be there wake up be awake  leavebe away   get upbe up   

13、0;         go out be outfall illbe ill fall sickbe sick fall asleepbe asleep finishbe over       end be overborrow keep    lendkeep   buy have      lose not have     clos

14、e be closed  come to workwork get to knowknow put on wear 或be on join be in或 be a member of   begin to studystudy     catch(a cold) have(a cold)   go to schoolbe a student open be open或  keep sth open如：He has been a soldier f

15、or three years.他参军三年了。        His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。        The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。        We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了

16、。（2） 把时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时. 如： We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 We began to study English three years ago. 我们三年前（开始）学英语。 (3)用句型"It is +一段时间+since从句（从句的谓语动词用短暂性动词的一般过去式）"表示.如：It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。7.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。

17、但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。 （现在还未找到）       I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。 （昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）8.几点注意事项（1）have been(to)表示“去过某地（人现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； have gone(to)表示“去了某地（人还没有回来）”，常用于第三人称；

18、前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。 如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。 如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用

19、。     如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。1、 单项选择 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a mo

20、nth. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this scho

21、ol for two years. A. am studying B. Study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. After D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been

22、 in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, see12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will hav

23、e B. have had C. have D. had 13. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, i14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone,

24、havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. bought B. Bought C.

25、bought D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A.finishes B. has finished C. Finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has bee

26、n in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three yearA. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How lone _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are;

27、 having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joine24. -How long have you _ from

28、 the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. - _ you_ your

29、 homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -How long have you been here? - _ last month

30、. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have

31、 you _ these days？ I have to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter 36I have watched the game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；w

32、atch CDid;watch Dwill；watch 37How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adon't visit Bdidn't visit Chaven't visited Dhadn't visited 38Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _

33、he came to Yunnan AAfter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in42. His sister _ her hometown for three years. She'll return

34、 next year ALeft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from二、以适当形式填空 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet . 3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice . 4. -_ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? -No, never. 5. My fathe

35、r _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 7. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it_ (become) a large city. 8. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 10. -How long

36、 _ the Smiths _(stay)here? - For two weeks. 11. - I_ (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 12. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 13. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 14. -_Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet

37、? -Yes, he_ . -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 15. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 16. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do) next. 17. -_you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 18. She _ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father _ ( buy) a book

38、 for me yesterday. He_already _(pay) fifty yuan for i20. She_ (not read) this book before. 21. _ (you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 22. - _ Wei Hua_(come) yet? -Yes. She_(come) already. She _ (come) just no23. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 24. They _ (live) in China

39、 since they _ (move) to China. 三、句型转换(每空一词)。 1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ learned English 4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just

40、改写) I _ just _a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _ English _ three year.6. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问) _ _ _ he_ here? 7. They have already finished the work.（否定） They _ _ the work _. 8. My father got there two days ago.（同义句） My father _ _ _ for two days

41、. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 12. My father wen

42、t to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句） My father _ _ _ England _. 13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句） John_ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 14. His company closed in 2003. （同义句） His company _ _ _ _ 2003. 15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句） My father _ _ the car _ half a year16. We g

43、ot to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句） We _ _ each other _ about 15 years. 17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句） The film _ _ _ for ten minutes. 18. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句） I _ _ this book for two weeks.四、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _what's happened

44、 to him .A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _

45、 a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had know

46、n . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago .Did; do; f

47、inished .Have ; done; finished .Have;done;have finished .will;do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ? About t

48、wo months . been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、It_ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、Miss Green isn't in the office。She_ to the library.has gone .went .will go .has been17、My parents _ Shand

49、ong for ten years . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university五、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、The old man