软件建模与分析 考试重点

1、1软件建模与分析软件建模与分析-复习复习2课程内容课程内容l两部分lUML可视化建模基础lOO和VM概念l各种UML图l掌握UML面向对象分析与设计l软件工程最佳实践lOOAlOOD3第一部分：第一部分：UML可视化建模基础可视化建模基础oIntroduction to Object TechnologynPrinciples of VMnConcepts of OO nUse-case modeling nInteraction Diagrams nClass Diagrams nOther UML Diagrams 1.UML Common Mechanisms41. OO和和VMlOO的

2、定义及OO技术优势l什么是模型？为什么需要建模l可视化建模的四个原则lUML的定义l基于UML的开发过程的三个特征l用例驱动 l以架构为中心l迭代开发52.用例模型用例模型l什么是用例模型系统行为l两种图（定义、元素、示例）：l用例图 l用例，执行者l用例的事件流l泛化、包含、扩展l活动图l活动状态、决策点、监视条件、同步条（分叉、汇合）l泳道63.交互图交互图l什么是交互图动态行为l两种图l顺序图l执行者实例、对象、生命线、消息、控制焦点l协作图l执行者实例、对象、链接、消息l比较异同点74.类图类图l什么是类图静态视图l包的定义和作用l类的联系l关联多重性、角色名、导航、关联类l聚合、组合

3、l泛化l依赖85.其它其它UML图图l状态图l用来描述一个特定对象的所有可能状态及其引起状态转移的事件。l状态、转移、事件、进入/退出动作、活动l子状态、历史状态l部署图l表示运行时的计算资源的物理分布（节点和关联）l构件图l显示软件构件构件之间的依赖依赖关系。l（编译、链接、运行）源代码文件、二进制代码文件和可执行文件96.UML公共机制公共机制lUML扩展机制l 构造型 新的建模元素l约束 新的建模语义l标记值 新的建模属性10l第二部分：掌握UML面向对象分析与设计nBest Practices of Software EngineeringnRequirements Overviewn

4、Analysis & Design Overview nArchitectural Analysis nUse-case Analysis nIdentify Design Elements11nDescribe design mechanism nDescribe the Run-time Architecture nDescribe Distribution nUse-case Design nSubsystem DesignnClass Design nDatabase Design121. 最佳实践最佳实践l6个最佳实践l迭代开发l管理需求l使用基于构件的架构l可视化建模l持续

5、验证质量l管理变更l什么是软件开发过程who,what,when,howlRUP的四个阶段：初始、细化、构造、移交lRUP的四个主要里程碑：LCO、LCA、IOC、Release132.需求概述需求概述l主要制品l用例模型（用例图、用例描述）l术语表l补充需求143.分析设计概述分析设计概述l输出制品l设计模型、架构文档、数据模型（可选）l什么是软件架构l软件架构的“41”视图l用例视图：逻辑视图、实现视图、进程视图、部署视图l分析设计过程包含的主要活动l分析和设计的区别154.架构分析架构分析l架构分析的步骤l定义设计模型的高层逻辑结构l识别分析机制l识别关键抽象l描述典型的分层架构165.

6、用例分析用例分析l用例分析的步骤l构造每个用例实现l交互图lVOPCl统一分析类l用例实现（定义、结构、优点）l分析类的三种构造型l边界类、实体类、控制类176.识别设计元素识别设计元素l子系统、接口l子系统与包的区别188.识别运行时机制识别运行时机制l主要步骤l分析并发需求l识别进程和线程l识别进程生命周期l将设计元素映射到进程199.识别分布识别分布l分布模式lC/S模式（三层、胖客户端、瘦客户端）lP2P模式l主要步骤l定义网络配置l分配进程到节点2011.子系统设计子系统设计l主要步骤l构建接口实现l分布子系统行为到子系统元素l构建子系统的依赖关系2112.类设计类设计l主要步骤l创

7、建初始的设计类l定义操作、方法（两者区别）l定义状态l定义属性l定义联系（依赖、关联、聚合、组合、泛化）2213.数据库设计数据库设计l主要步骤l持久设计类到数据模型的转换l分布类的行为到数据库23题型题型l一、选择题 （15题，30分）l二、简答题（6题，30分）l三、OO建模题 （2题，40分）注：考试会有小的调整24选择题选择题1) A UML composition is ( )A. a process for instantiating UML modelsB. the interrelation among components and packagesC. a specific

8、dependency among objectsD. an aggregation with additional semantics2) Which of the following are not the Extension Mechanisms of UML? ( )A. TaggedValueB. ConstraintC. ConcurrentD. Stereotype3）Which is a step in the Describe the Run-time Architecture activity?( )lCreate initial design classlIdentify

9、Processes and ThreadslIndentify Events and SignalslAllocate System Elements to Nodes25简答题简答题lExplain the six best practices of software engineering.lExplain with example what is multiplicity.lPlease describe the typical differences between a UML analysis model and a UML design model. l.26OO 建模题建模题1.

10、 On the scut campus, students can apply for a consumed-card .The card administrator would create a new consumed-card when receiving an application. The consumed-card can be used in the campus super-market. When the students consume with the card , the salesperson would deduct the money from the card

11、. Also , The card administrator can deposit money into the card for the students . Imagine that you have been hired to develop the supporting software. 1) Draw a UML use case diagram for the system. 2) Produce a sequence diagram to model the scenario of consuming with card. 3) Draw a class diagram f

12、or the system.4) Produce a statechart diagram for the consumed-card Class. 271)Create a new cardDeposit money into cardConsume with cardCard AdministratorLoginSalesperson282) : Sales person : ConsumeForm : Card : ConsumeRecord : SalesPerson : ConsumerController1: /Input Price2: /Pay with card10: /Di

13、splay consumeRecord3: /Pay with Card4: /getBalance6: /New ConsumeRecord9: /Add ConsumeRecord5: /Deduct money from cardif Balance price. else prompt error7: /getSalesPersonID8: /getDate293)304)idleSuspendedcreate a new cardConsumingcancel cardreport a losscancelconsume startconsume finish31OO 建模题建模题2

14、. Consider developing a campus classroom facilities management systemThe campus has a collection of classrooms. Each classroom has a collection of equipments, which may include microphone, blackboard, overhead projector, TV, Internet connection, etc. Each equipment has information such as history, c

15、ondition, as well as information specific to the equipment, such as size for blackboard and TV, mobile or not for microphone, and speed of connection to Internet. Each classroom has a list of courses scheduled to take place in it, the instructor for each course, requested equipments and setups for e

16、ach course, and a manager in charge of setting up the equipments. The system should allow instructors to look up the list of equipments in a classroom, request equipments and setups, and query the setup status. The system should send request for equipments and setups in a classroom to the classroom

17、manager. The manager can update equipment information and setup status. In case of an equipment can not be setup according to the request, the manager should notify the instructor as soon as possible. The system should also allow anyone to send comments to the manager.lDraw the use case diagrams for