嵌入式系统设计方案与应用作业

1、嵌入式系统设计与应用作业专业班级：电子 *姓名： *学号： 2007*智能断路器网络技术的研究在以太网逐步朝着控制厂房和设备层网络的发展趋势下，更多的关于智能断路器（ ICBC ）的管理信息正变的分散化和网络化。本文介绍一种复杂的工业领域基于以太网帧控制网络的混合结构，然后主要讨论三个ICBC 网络管理方法，如基于PCI 的互联方法，嵌入式网关和嵌入式Web 服务器。与此同时，它还提供了基本的执行互连硬件框架，主要组成部分的类型，并有支持嵌入式TCP / IP 协议和 Web 服务器的实时操作系统。低压断路器（ LVCB ）是在分配系统下交换机的主要开关设备之一。它可以切换/关闭正常负载电流，

2、 是与发动机使用的超负荷电流一样的；另一方面， 它可以连接并打破短路电流。此外，比如出现严重的电流，超载，短路，相损失等等故障时，LVCB 可以自动切断电路，并且在很大范围内隔离故障。因此，它对保护网络的电路，电器和电动马达起着重要的作用，因此得到了广泛应用。因此，它在保护网络电路，设备和电动马达起着重要的作用，从而被得到了广泛应用。基于 LVCB，智能断路器（ICBC ）增加了智能阻断控制功能和简单的访问路径，这可以通过给计算机数据以达到控制。随着设备控制系统通讯和网络技术应用的发展，日渐增多的工业控制网络趋势为ICBC 信息管理提出了新的要求，主要表现在两个方面：（ 1）基于异构网络实现计

3、算机网络的通信和互联；（ 2）各种信息的共享，包括不同的控制信息和工作信息（例如：运行方式-开 /关；准备工作，预警，故障等等；关于运行分支通道的电气参数，如电流的参数，故障参数等；控制网络工作参数）通过网络来管理。1基于以太网的结构综合控制网络该智能设备的格架必须满足下列条件：实现互联网/内联网 /以太网一级的现场总线的功能，从传统的控制方法如场开关信号转变模拟信号到由现场总线形成的英特尔控制方法；应用互联网技术到工业网络， 并实现基于 TCP / IP 协议工业控制网络。 造成控制网络的核心技术是实现互联， 换句话说，在不同介质， 利率和交际条约之间实现相互交流，最后达到在不同子网的设备之

4、间进行信息交换的目的。目前，控制网络互联的方法主要依赖于各种现场总线组成的广泛的网络。2给以太网连接智能断路器的方法紧接着全面开放， 全分散和互操作的原则， 体现在全面控制网络， 现场连接到以太网设备的实现方法有三种：（ 1）插通讯卡到工业 PC 和 PCI ，其中的信息交流是完整的。这些数据在以太网层通过计算机转移到计算机。（ 2）在不同的通信协议之间采用专门的网关，以实现转变来连接设施到以太网。（ 3）直接插 Web 服务器到 PLC 或控制设备。数据以 Web 服务器和浏览器方式的动态互相感应。2.1 基于 PCI 模式的互联由于基于 PCI 模式的技术是比较先进的，它已被广泛应用。这种

5、模式由智能断路器，计算机，网卡和相关软件组成。智能设施主要包括可采用的微控制器（MPU ）的基本系统（英特87C196KC ），控制逻辑的收集，模拟量的转变和收集，交换值的输入/输出处理者，输出控制，CAN总线接口1和 CAN 总线收发器。CAN 包括：智能型高速双内存的PCI CAN 总线，直接映射到内存空间，在CAN和 PC 总线之间实现数据交换。 嵌入式微控制器（ 87C592）可以减轻主机电脑的负担和能完成复杂的沟通工作。主机电脑可以通过内置的网卡或调制解调器连接到以太网，以被其他子网交换数据。2.2 基于网管互联特殊的网关是用于某些现场总线设备之间的互连，并且工业以太网是一种折中的战

6、略，在不忽视产品情况下其是由多个总线开发商所雇用的以扩大其市场份额。整个网络采用2层结构：下面部分是低速现场总线，而较高的部分是以高速以太网为核心的现场总线网络，整合了不同的协议标准。两层异构网络之间的无缝连接，可由嵌入式网关实现。下面的部分将采取 CAN 总线为例，介绍智能断路器采用嵌入式网关的互连方法。嵌入式网关在应用层级别负责建设和分析完整的CAN 协议数据包。 那么它传输数据包给 TCP / IP 协议应用层作为数据。在此过程中， 没有关于通讯数据实际意义的任何解释将被它提交，因此在高速以太网和相对较低的总线速度之间，互联才能实现，并且在TCP / IP和各种现场总线之间，协议转让就可

7、能发生。嵌入式网关是由三个部分组成：通信处理器，CAN 总线控制器和以太网控制器。运作模式如下：在微控制器的调度下，使用以太网控制器交换操作站之间的数据；嵌入式CAN控制器可以与CAN 总线中每个的智能断路器的节点或与其他现场设备交换数据。微控制器的选择可以是嵌入式CAN通信模块MC68HC05X16或 DPS 的系列，如TMS320F206DSR 或嵌入式CAN 通信模块的S320F243DSP 芯片。通常以太网控制器的选择是由Realtek 生产的 RTL8019AS 。 RTL8019AS 是高级密码系统，其支持该芯片IEEE802.3 标准和微软即插即用标准。它也提供8 位， 16 位

8、和 32 位微处理器，并且它的软件与NE2000 兼容。它可用于以太网二，IEEE802.3 ，10Base5，10Base2，10Base T。发送和接收速度可以达到每秒10MB。静态存储器（内置16 KB 的）负责接收和发送缓冲存储器；它减少了主处理器的速度需求。此外，以太网控制器可以使用AMD 公司生产的 AM7790 或 AM7794 ；Crystal 生产的 CS8900 ，或英特尔生产的 82596。2.3 基于嵌入式Web 服务器的互联嵌入式技术的发展使嵌入式网络技术成为异构网络的主要解决方法。有Web 服务器软件的智能现场设备勘探将成为控制工业的网络互连最好的方式。嵌入式网络技

9、术是基于采用的 RTOS（支持嵌入式网络协议组的实时操作系统，如TCP/IP 协议等）的原始嵌入式系统，使用智能技术设备的技术，并且使它有网络的功能，从而RT0S 可使用即插即用的方法连接到以太网作为网络服务器运行和形式嵌入式网络系统。采用这种互联方法，硬件的使用主要依赖在智能断路器的模式，其负责生成进程和网络通信。 由于 TCP/IP 协议的复杂性， 涉及实现协议的通信模式是MCU ，以太网控制器和以太网收发器。互联的方法有两种方式：（ 1）传递嵌入在个人电脑中的以太网卡配置到设备水平，而MCU 必须有更高的性能。（ 2）采用合成以太网控制器和微控制器的CMOS 切片，基于这个配置，改变以太

10、网控制机器和微控制器的数据能直接地应用在CMOS 切片里；因此，通信效率提高了，同时，反干扰能力和稳定性比分离的设备更好。形成以太网的微控制器或微处理器可以采用由摩托罗拉生产的68K 系列，如 MPC860 ，MPC8260 ，或由三星生产的NetARMD 。以太网发射器可以用AMD生产的AM7991 ， Level 生产的LXT901和 LXT907或者由摩托罗拉生产的68160。有多重功能的CMOS切片的软件部分主要由嵌入式实时多任务操作系统组成RTOS2和 Web 服务器软件。实时操作系统可以采用由风河生产的VxWorks ，由 3Com 生产的OS平台，由微软生产的Windows CE

11、 ；另外，一些外国公司，像风河，微软，0NX 和原子核，生产嵌入到 Web 上的软件开发平台。由 CoreTleck 公司开发的 DeltaSystem 平台在家里使用比较成熟。在以太网嵌入式Web 智能断路器和个人电脑之间的数据转换通常采用客户/服务器的方法，即一个客户随着几个服务器转变数据。PC，作为一个客户，在线监测整个系统状态。每一个监测代码，由位智能单元形成并且嵌入网络服务器，接收由客户发出的控制命令，而且给客户提供所需的系统参数。这基本上反映了请求/相应，即是，客户给服务器发出信息和数据请求，然后服务器运行它并且返回进程结果给客户。随着集成电路，工业以太网技术和嵌入式Interne

12、t 技术的发展，基于以太网组合模式的工业控制网络将逐渐被互联网控制网络所取代。在TCP / IP 协议组基础上，嵌入式Web 服务器和即插即用功能的智能现场设备在信息集成和控制的网络架构的革命中起着重要作用。智能断路器网络技术的研究具有重要的意义和实用价值。Research of network technology for Intelligent Circuit Breaker ControllerWith the current development trend of Ethernet gradually towards the control network of plant-floo

13、r layer and devices layer, much management information on Intelligent Circuit Breaker Controller(ICBC) is becoming distributed and net worked. This Paper describes a mixing structureof complex industria1 field contro1 net work based on Ethernet frame，then mainly discusses threenetwork management met

14、hods of ICBC ， such as the inter connection method based on PCI ，embedded gateway and embedded Web serverAt the same time, it also gives the basic hard wareframework of implementinginterconnection the type of main components, and the real-time,operation system supporting the embedded TCP/IP protocol

15、s and Web server Low Voltage Circuit Breaker (LVCB) is one of the main appliance switches in the distributing system. It can switch on/off the normal-loaded current, the current used by motor as well as overload current; on the other hand, it can connect and break short-circuitcurrentBesides，when fa

16、ults such as serious over-current. overload ，short circuit loss of phase and so on appear, LVCB can cut-off the circuitry automatically and cause the break down to beisolated to greatextent As a result itplays important role in protecting net work circuitry,appliance and electric motor, and thereby

17、has been widely applied.Based on LVCB Intelligent CircuitBreakerController(ICBC)adds intelligentbreakingcontrol functionand simple communicative access， whichcanpass data tocomputerforcontrol With the developmentof application ofcommunicativeand networktechnologytoappliance controlsystems， andtheinc

18、reasing trend thatthe industry controlsnetworkaswel1 new demands are put forwardforinformation management ofICBC ， whichare mainlymanifested in two aspects：(1)Realization of computer networkcommunicationsand theinterconnectionbasedonheterogeneous networks；(2)Sharing of various informationincludingdi

19、versecontrolinformationandworkinginformation(e. g. operating mode-on/off, ready to work， warning ， breakdown ，and so on ； theelectric parameters on operating branching channels such as currentparameter, faultparameter,etc.; control network working parameter) ， was managed through network COMPREHENSI

20、VE CONTROL NETW ORK BASED ON ETHERNET FRAMEWORK3The latticingon intelligentdevices need to meet the followingconditions ： realizing thefunction of Internet/Intranet/Ethernet at the level of field bus； transferring from the traditionalcontrol method such as field switch signals， analog signals to Int

21、ernet control method formed byfieldbus； adopting Internet technologyto industrial networkand realizingindustrial controlnetwork based on TCP/IP protocol The core technology is to cause the control network to realize interconnection in other words ， the realization of intercommunication between diffe

22、rent media ， rate and communicative treaties ， and finally reach the goal that information can be ex-changed between the facilities in different subnet At present，the way to control the interconnection of the network mainly depends on the comprehensive network made up of various field bus.WAY TO CON

23、NECT INTELLIGENT BREAK ERTO ETHERNETFollowing the principle of full-opening，full-de-concentration and interoperation manifestedin the comprehensive control network the facilities on the spot connecting to Ethernet are realizedin three ways：(1)Plug the communication card into the industrial PC and PC

24、I, in which the information exchange is completed The data are transferred to the computer in Ethernet layer through the computer(2)Adopting specialized gateway to realize the shift between different communication protocols ， to connect facilities to Ethernet (3)Plugging directly the Web server into

25、 PLC or control facilities The data are interacteddynamically by means of Web server and common browser Interconnection based on PCI modelAs the technology based on PCI model is relatively advanced it has been widely used Thiskind of model consists of intelligent breaker computer, card and relevant

26、software Intelligentfacilitiesmainlyincludingthe basic system ofMPUmay adopt(Intel87C196KC) The collection of control logic， analog quantity shift and collection， switching valueinput/output handlers ， output control ， CAN communicative interface and CAN transceiverCAN includes ： intelligent PCI-CAN

27、 with high speed double RAM direct mapping into the memory space，realizing the data exchange between CAN and PC The embedded MPU (87C592) can lighten the burden to the host computer and fulfill the complex communicative work The host computer can be connected to Ethernet through built-in network car

28、d or modeminorder to exchange the data by other subnetInterconnection based on gatewayThe special gateway is used for interconnection between certain field bus equipment andindustrial Ethernet is a kindof compromisingstrategy employed by many bus developers toenlarge their market share without negle

29、cting the products The whole network adopts 2-1ayerstructure：the lower part is the low-speed field bus ，while the higher part is the field bus networkwith the high-speed Ethernet as the core ， integrating different protocol standards The seamlessconnection of heterogeneous networks between two layer

30、s can be realized by the embeddedgatewayThe following part will take the CAN bus as an example to introduce the interconnection method of intelligent breaker controller by adopting the embedded gate-way Embedded gateway is responsible for constructing and analyzing the complete CAN protocol data pac

31、kage at the application layer level Then it transfers the data package as the data for TCP/IP application layer During the process， no explanation about the actual significance of the4communicating data will be presented by it, therefore the interconnection between high speed Ethernet and the relati

32、vely low speed field bus can be achieved and the transfer of protocols between TCP/IP and various field buses can occur The embedded gateway is made up of three parts：communications processor, CAN bus controllerand Ethernet controller The mode of operation is as follows ： At the scheduling of microc

33、ontroller using the Ethernet controller to exchange the data with operating station ； embedded CAN controller can exchange data with every node of intelligent breaker in CAN busor with other field equipment The choice of microcontroller can be the embedded CAN communicationmoduleMC68HC05X16 or DPS s

34、eries， such as TMS320F206DSR or the TMS320F243DSPchip withembedded CAN communication module Usually the choice of Ethernet controller is RTL8019AS produced by Realtek RTL8019ASis the high grade cryptosystem which supports the chips with IEEE802 3 standard Microsoft Italso supports and the PnP standa

35、rd ofthe 8-bit ， 1 6-bit and 32 bit microprocessor and its software is compatible withNE2000 It can be applied to Ethernet II ， IEEE802 3， 1 0Base5 1 0Base2 1 0Base-T The sending and receiving speed can reach 10Mbps SRAM （ built-in 16 kB)is responsible for receiving and sending buffer memory ； it re

36、duces the demand of the major processor s speedBesides，Ethernet controller can use AM7790 or AM7794 ；produced by AMD ，CS8900produced by Crystal ， or 82596 produced by lnte lnterconnection based on embedded Web serverThe development of embedded technology enables embedded network technology to be the

37、major resolution of heterogeneous networks The exploration of intelligent field device with Webserver software becomesthebest wayfor controllingindustrialofnetworkinterconnection Embedded networktechnologyisthe technologyusing intelligentequipmentbased on the original embedded system adoptingRTOS th

38、e real-time operation system whichsupports embedded networkprotocolgroups(suchas TCP/IP, etc)and makes itto have thefunction of network thus RT0S can work as network server that connects to Ethernet using plug and play method and form the embedded network system Adopting this interconnection method

39、the implementation of hardware relies mainly on the model in the intelligent breaker which is in charge of information processing and network communications Due to the complexity of TCP/IP protocol ，the cornmunication models involvedin the realization of the protocol are MCU Ethernet controller and

40、Ethernet transceiver The methods of interconnection fall in two ways ：(1)Transferring the Ethernet card configuration embedded in the PC while the MCU is required to have higher performance (2)Adopting the CMOS chip which integrates Ethernet controller and microcontroller ， based on this configurati

41、on ， the data exchange between Ethernet controller and microcontroller can be directly implemented within the CMOS chip ；as a result communication efficiency is advanced ， meanwhile ， the capabilities of anti-interference and reliability are better than the separated configuration The microcontrolle

42、r/microprocessor which form the Ethernet controller may adopt the 68K series produced by Motorola such as MC68020 MC68030 MC68360 ，PowerPC series such as M PC860 M PC8260 or Net ARM D produced by SAMSUNG Ethernet sender can use AM79915produced by AMD.LXT90land LXT907produced by Levelone or 68160 produced byMotorola The software part of the CMOS chip with multifunctionconsists mainly of the embeddedreal-time multitask operating system-RTOS and Web server software Real-time operating system can adopt VxWorks prod