八年级下册英语10大语法汇总,超详细讲解

1、八年级下册英语10大语法汇总，超详 细讲解一.询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达方法1 .询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达:What ' s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了 ？What ' s wrong (with sb.)?( 某人)怎么了？What ' s the trouble with sb?某人出什么事了？What happened to sb?某人发生了什么事？Are you OK? 你没事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb. ?某人有不舒服 /麻烦吗？2 .要表达身

2、体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+ 病症The twins have colds .双胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。某人 +ha

3、ve/has+a pain+in one ' s+ 身体部位's+身体部位I have a pain in my chest. 我胸 口 痛。(There is) something wrong with oneThere is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。He got hit on the head.他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。二.情态动词should的用法1.should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当&qu

4、ot;，否定式为 shouldn ' t,其后接动 词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。He should put his head back.他应该把头后仰。We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。You shouldn ' t watch TV.你不应该看电视。2.should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？Should

5、 we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？3.在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:Would you like (to do) sth ?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？Shall I/we do sth?我/我们做某事好吗？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？Why not do sth?为什么不呢？Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？去游泳怎么样? How

6、/What about doing sth?做某事怎么样？How about going swimming?Let' s do sth.让我们做吧。Let' s go home.咱们回家吧。You ' d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You ' d better not go there alone.你最好不要一个人去那儿。三.反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词，简单初中生在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象 在人称、性别和数上保持一致。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数 myself yourself himself/herself/its

7、elf复数 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法1 .可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物如： Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2 .可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物如：She isn ' t quite herself today.3 .可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer hims

8、elf last week.4 .用在某些固定短语当中。自学如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾 自 己teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneselfenjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）hurt oneself 弄伤 自 己say to oneself 自 言自语leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下【注意】 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can fini

9、sh my homework.（正）I myself can finish my homework./ I can finish my homework myself.四.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的基本结构1 .will+动词原形否定式：will not=won't一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？ Will he help you with your English tonight?今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗？ Yes, he will./No, he w

10、on't.是的，他会。/不，他不会。 When will you arrive for America?你什么时候去美国? Tomorrow.明天。2 .am/is/are going to + 动词原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are + 主语+ going to +动词原形+其他?特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us?他

11、会帮我们收集数据吗?What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？3 .will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。will主要用于在以下三个方面：(1)表示主观意愿的将来。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去厂参观工厂(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。He will be thirty years old

12、this time next year.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。(3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。Mary has been ill for a week.玛丽病了一周了。 Oh, I didn't know.I will go and see her.噢，我不知道。我去看看她。be going to 主要用于以下两个方面：(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测Look!

13、There come the dark clouds.It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。五.动词不定式(to do)的用法1 .作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb.some time to do sth.2 .作宾语动词 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。3 .作(后置)定语常用于

14、 “ have/has +sth.+to do ” 或 “ It?s time to do sth. ” 等结构中。4 .作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb.to do sth. 结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to : “一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have ,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)

15、 ” 。5 .动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不 定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。六.Could you please. ?句型1 .请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说Can youplease?情态动词could或can 在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用 could在于其显得更委婉、客气、 诚恳。在日常生活中常使用 could you/I？若在旬末加上please ,则显得更礼 貌。Could you help me find my book, please?你能帮我找

16、到我的书吗?2 .对could you/I?的问句作出肯定回答，常用“ sure/certainly/of course ” 等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh, please don ' t"。一般不用no开头, 用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。3 .表示请求的其他句式Would you like to do.?Would you mind doing.?Let' s do.Please do.（祈使句前加 please）七.过去进行时1 .基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表

17、示。常用的时间状 语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to tenlast evening, when, while 等。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。2 .基本结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing3 .一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较一般过去时表示在过去某个时

18、间发生过的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了 封信。(信写完David was writing a letter to his friend last night.大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完。）8 .状语从句1 .unless引导条件状语从句unless = ifnot 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.=They will go tomorrow if it does

19、n ' t rains.2 .as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一 就”。He will come and see you as soon as he can.3 .sothat引导结果状语从句句型1 :主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型 2 ： so +形容词+ a/an + 单数名词+ that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few +复数名词 +

20、 that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/little + 不可数名词 + that从句I had so little money that I couldn ' t buy a pen.9 .形容词/副词的比较等级形容词和副词有三个比较等级，即原级（也就是原形卜比较级（表示“较”或 “更”的意思，用于两者之间比较）和最高级（表示“最”的意思，用于三者或三者以上的比较）。1 .形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化（1）单音节词和少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er

21、,最高级在后面加-est 。单音节单词small fsmaller fsmallest short fshorter fshortest tall -taller -tallest great fgreater fgreatest少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节单词 cleverfcleverer fcleverestst onarrow fnarrower fnarrowest(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加large f larger flargestnice fnicer f nicest able fabler f ablest以一个辅音字母结

22、尾的闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er,最高级加-est。bigfbigger fbiggesthotfhotter fhottestfat 一fatter 一fattest以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。easyfeasier feasiestheavy fheavier fheaviestbusy f busier fbusiesthappy fhappier fhappiest(5)其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more ,最高级在前面加most。beautiful fmore beauti

23、ful fmost beautifuldifferent fmore different fmost different easily fmore easily f most easily2 .形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化good fbetter fbest well fbetter fbest bad fworse fworst illfworse fworst old f older/elder foldest/eldest many/much fmore fmost little Tess-least far ffurther/farther f furthest/farth

24、est3 .原级常用句型(1)A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A与B一样eg.He is as tall as me.(2)A is not as/so + 原级+ as B 表示A不如Beg.He is not as tall as me.(3)只能修饰原级的词， very, quite , so, too , so, enough , pretty 等。eg.He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。4 .比较级常用句型(1)当句中有than时则用比较级。eg.He is fatter than me.(2) “特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较

25、级，A or B ? ”eg.Which is bigger , the earth or the moon ? 哪一个更大，地球还是月球？“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。English is more and more important.英语越来越重要了。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。eg.The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you ' ll make.(5)可以修饰比较级的词: much , a

26、 lot , far, a little , a bit , even , still 等。 eg.Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第课比第二课容易彳马多。5.最高级常用句型“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of”表示”是中最 的”。Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。2 .“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of”表示”是中最的”I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的3 .“主语+be+one of the+ 形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of”表示"是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。4 .“特殊疑问词+be+the+ 最高级，甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者或三者以上的比较。Which country is the l