牛津译林版高一新教材专题三：主谓一致

1、专题三：主谓一致谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，称为主谓一致。主谓一致遵循着三个基本原则：语 法一致、意义一致和就近一致。一、语法一致语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 其构成有以下10点。1.用and连接两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词一般用复数：但如果在意义上指同一个人，同一件 事或同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。TOln and Jinl are students.汤姆和吉姆是学生。RiCe and Wheat are grown in China.中国种植水稻和小麦。BOth his father and his mother a

2、re advanced teachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进教师©The PrOfeSSOr and Writer is from Nanjing University.那位教授兼作家来自南京大学。TO IOVe and to be IOVed is the great happiness.爱与被爱是一种很大的幸福。Bread and butter is their daily food.奶汕而包是他们的日常食物。注：常见的由and连接表示同一个概念的词有：(当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。)War and PeaCe战争与和平 milk and Water掺水的牛奶 fruit

3、and Cream加奶油的水果 a knife and fork 副刀叉iron and Steel 钢铁fish and ChiPS 炸鱼土豆条 truth and honesty 真诚 a CUP and SaUCer 一套杯盘bread and butter 奶油面包 meat and POtatOeS 肉炒土豆 a needle and thread 针线 a horse and Cart 一辆马车a WatCh and Chain 一只系表带的手表a teacher and Writer 一位教师兼作家2. 由 every.and every., eacl.ad each., no.

4、and no., many a.and many a等*勾成复合主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。EVery boy and (every) girl has the right to get the education每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。EaCh man and (each) WOman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。NO SOund and no VOiCe is heard for a IOng WhiIe很长时间没有听到一点声音。Many a boy and many a girl IikeS SUrfing the Internet.许多男孩和女孩都喜欢网上冲

5、浪。3. 当主语后面有 with, together with, along with, as Well as, as much as, no IeSS than, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语来确定。 The boy With his ClaSSmateS is Playing On the PlaygrOUnd那个男孩和他的同学们正在操场上玩耍。I as Well as he am reading.我和他在看书QThe teacher, incl

6、uding his students, is going to the zoo.那位老师，包括他的学生们，要去动物园。4. “many a +单数轲词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，谓语动词仍用单数形式。但“many+名词复数，more+复数名词+than one"结构之后，谓语动词用复数形式。 即：many a +名词单数+动词单数many+名词复数+动词复数more than one+名词单数+动词单数more+名词复数+than one+动词复数Many a boy IikeS POP music.许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。Many boys

7、 Iike POP music.许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。MOre than One StUdent has SeCn the film.不止一个学生看过这部电影。MOre StUdentS than One have Seen the film.不止一个学生看过这部电影。5. “a great deal Ot a Iittle5 quite a little, a Iarge amount of+ 不可数名词"作主语时，谓语动词用单数形 式。Agreat deal Of time WaS WaSted playing.很多时间在玩耍中浪费了。A Iarge amount Of medi

8、cine is needed in the StriCken area.灾区需要大量的药物。6. 有些名词如 glasses, ClOtheSt trousers, shoes, COmPaSSeSt goods, ashes, scissors, shorts. PantS 等只有复数 形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但若前而有a kind of, a SOrt Of a type of. a SerieS OL a Pair of, this kind Of等修饰时，谓语动词则由单位词来确定。HiS glasses are On the desk.他的眼镜在课桌上。A Pair Of gl

9、asses is On the desk. 一副眼镜在课桌上。Three PairS Of glasses are On the desk.三副眼镜在课桌上。7. 关系代词who, that, WhiCh 语从句作主语时，其谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。ThOSe WhO Want to go Sign your names here.想去的人在这儿签名 OThC book WhiCh WaS bought yesterday is IoSi昨天买的那本书不见了。L WhO am YOUr best friend, Will help you.作为你最好的朋友，我将帮助你。8. "

10、;分数或百分数+of+名词/短语”以及 “a IOt of, Plenty of, half of, a Pile Ot most of, the rest of, the majority of+名词/短语”作主语时，谓语动词要与Of之后的需词在数上保持一致。30%Of the StUdentS are from the COUntryside.百分之三十的学生来自农村。30%Of the Water is POllUted here.这儿百分之三十的水被污染了。HaIf Of the bananas are rotten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了。Half Of the banana is ro

11、tten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了 O注：POPUlatiOn "人口，人口数u/c”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但当英与分数、百 分数连用时，谓语动词用复数形式。What is the POPUlatiOn Of China?中国的人口是多少？It is OVer 1.2 billion.有 12 亿多。The POPUIatiOn Of China is Iarger than that Of Japan.中国的人 口比日本的人 口多。80% Of the POPUlatiOn are farmers in China.在中国 80% 的人口是农民。Four-fifths Of

12、 the POPUlatiOn here are from the NOrtheast.这儿五分之四的人口来自东北。9. "a kind of. this kind of. Inany kinds of+名词”和“需词+of this kind,等以及由与 kind 意义相似的 type, Sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与OF前的划词保持数的一致。A new kind Of game is POPUIar With young people. 一种新的游戏受到年轻人的欢迎QThiS kind Of question(s) is Very difficult.这种问题是很难

13、的。QUeStiOnS Of this kind are Very Clifficult.这种问题是很难的。Many kinds Of PearS are On Sale in that shop.各种各样的梨在那家商店岀售。10. 某些不定代词either, each, one, no one, the OthCr以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。EaCh Of the Children has an apple.每个孩子都有一个苹果。SOmeOne is Waiting for you at the gate.有人在门口等你。EVery

14、thing around US is matter.我们周围的一切都是物质。二、意义一致意义一致是指主语形式上是单数，但表达的是复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语为 8复数形式.但表达的是单数意义，那么谓语动词要用单数形式。其构成有以下14点。1. 某些集体名词 family, team, class, club, party, group, government, committee, audience 等作主语时，若 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式：若看作一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。My family is a Iarge one.我的家庭是个大家庭。My family a

15、re WatChing TV.我的家人在看电视。但：无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用单数。MllCh Of the jewelleryr WaS missing.大量的珠宝不见了。2. 表总称意义的名词people, police, cattle, crew. POUItry傢禽）,youth等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 PeOPle are WOrking hard in the field.人们正在地里努力地劳动。The POIiCe are SearChing the IOSt boy.警察们正在寻找那个龙失的男孩。The Cattle are eating grass in t

16、he field.牛在田里吃草QThe CreW are busy now.现在全体人员都在忙碌。但：PeOPle当“民族”讲时，有单复数形式。The ChineSe PeOPIe is a great people.中华民族是个伟大的民族©3. 单复数同形的爼词作主语时，谓语动词一般随意义用相应的单复数形式。这类词有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, Chinese, JaPaneSe等。当其前而有a, this, that等修饰时，谓语动词用单数：当其前而 有all these, those, some, many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。A Sh

17、eeP is Under the Ircc. 一只羊在树下。Many SheeP are Under the tcc.许多羊在树下。EVery IneanS has been tried out.每一种方法都试过 T。All means have been tried out.所有的方法都试过 了。4. 表示时间、距离、价格、度虽衡等的复数名词或短语作主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则， 把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。TwO hours is enough for me to finish the work.对我来说，两个小时完成这项工作就够了。Ten thousand kilomete

18、rs is a IOng distance. 一万公里是很长的一段距誇。5. 用作书冬、报纸名、国家名、组织机构等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The Arabian NightS is an interesting StOry book天方夜谭是一本有趣的故事书。The UnitCd StateS is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。The United NatiOnS is an international OrganiZation.联合国是一个国际组织。6. 某些以-S结尾的学科名词、疾病名词、游戏名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。这类词有: ma

19、ths, PhySiCs, gymnastics, economics. mechanics, athletics, bowls, AIDS 等。MathS is my favourite subject.数学是我最喜爱的学科。AIDS is a deadly disease.艾滋病是一种致命的疾病。7. 以-S结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛及亚运、奥运等大型系列活动名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The PhiliPPineS are in the PaCifiC Ocean.菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。The HimalayaS extend along the border Of India an

20、d China喜马拉雅山脉一直延伸到中印边境上。The ROCky MOUntainS COVer a distance Of about 3,220 km.落基山脉全长约 3,220 公里。The ASian GameS Were held in GUangZhOU IaSt year.亚运会去年在广州举行。The OlymPiC GameS are held every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次。&表示四则运算时，谓语动词多用单数。TWO and three is/makes/equals/is equal to five. 3 加 2 等于 5。Three ti

21、mes five is fifteen. 3 乘 5 等于 15©Fifteen minus five is ten. 15 减 5 等于 10。Fifteen divided by five is three. 15 除以 5 等于 3。9. "the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；但当其指具体某个人或表示一类 事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。ThC WOUnded Were SaVed by the VillagerS at last.最后，伤员们被村民们救起。ThC WOUnded in the accident WaS a policeman.这次

22、事故的受伤者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always useful.好看的并不总是有用的。10. "one and a half+复数需词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One and a half apples is Ieft On the table.桌子上剩下一个半苹果 QOne and a half years has passed. 一年半已经过去了。11“a number of/a group of/a Variety Of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;"the number Of /the Variety of+复数名词”作

23、主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number Of StUdentS are from Beijing.许多学生来自北京。The number Of StUdentS in OUr ClaSS is 50.我们班学生的数目是 50。A Variety Of flowers are SOld in that shop.各种各样的花在那家商店出售。The Variety Of flowers is astonishing.花的种类是惊人的。12. such, the Same起指示代词作用，应根据苴所指的内容来确泄单、复数。SUCh is my plan.这就是我的计划。SUCh are my p

24、lans.这些就是我的计划。13. 单独的动名词、不泄式短语和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。SnlOking is bad for health.吸烟有害健康。TO See is to believe.眼见为实。When We ShalI go there is not decided.我们何时去那儿还没有决立。When and Where to hold the meeting is not decided.何时何地将举行会议还没有决崔。注：Owhat引导的主语从句，谓语动词的单复数是根据其所指的具体内容而确左的。What We need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间

25、。What We need are good books.我们需要的是好书©当主语是并列动爼词、并列不左式或并列从句时，指同一概念，谓语动词用单数：不指同一概念时, 谓语动词用复数形式。GOing to bed Carly and getting 叩 early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。TO WOrk and to IiVe are two different things.工作和生活是两件不同的事情。When we'll go there and how We ll get there haen't been decided.我们何时去那

26、儿及怎样到达那儿还没有被决定。14. 如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, rest, SOmC等时，所指的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式： 反之，用单数形式。All are PreSent at the Ineeting.所有的人都出席了 会议。All is Well that ends well.结果好一切都好OTheSe books are new, and the rest are old.这些书是新的，其余的是旧的。The Water in the bottle is Clean here and the rest is dirty.这儿瓶子里的水是干净的，其余的是脏的。三、就

27、近一致就近一致是指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决泄的。其构成有以下3点。1. 由"neither.nor., etler.or. IlOt only. but also，not .but., .or.Z,连接两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。Neither he nor I am right.他不对我也不对。Either you Or he is to blame.要么你，要么他该受责备。NOt Only the teacher but also the StUdentS are going there.不仅老师而且学生们要去那儿。2. There

28、 be结构中，使用就近原则。There is a Chair and two tables in the room.房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。There are two tables and a Chair in the room.房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。3. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与它后面的主语一致。On the Wall hangs a PiCtUre墙上挂着一幅画。On each Side Of the Street Stand a IOt Of stores.大街两边有许多商店。四、特殊情况作主语时主谓一致的情况1. "one Of +复数划词+立语从句”时

29、，泄语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式：“the/the onlytle lastever>rthe right/just the One Of +复数名词+左语从句"时，圧语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。He is One Of the StUdentS that are from the city.他是来自城市的学生之一。He is the Only One Of the StUdentS that is from the city.他是唯一来自城市的学生。2. “a( Iarge) quantity Of +不可数需词/可数名词复数，(Iarge) quantities of+不

30、可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词是根据quantity的单复数来确定的。A Iarge quantity Of Water is wasted.大量的水被浪费了。A Iarge quantity Of books is On the desk.大虽:的书在课桌上。Large quantities Of Water are wasted.大量的水被浪费了。Large quantities Of books are On the desk.大捲的书在课桌上 o3. UaIarge amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数："Iargcamoiimsof+不可数爼

31、词”作 主语时，谓语动词用复数。“ the amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。A Iarge amount Of money is SPCnt On the bridge.大量的钱被花在这座桥上。Large amounts Of money are SPent On the bridge.大量的钱被花在这座桥上。The amount Of money is 100 yuan.钱的数量是 100 元。4. "one Or two +复数划词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“a/an +单数名词+Mo”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One Or two days

32、are enough for Ine对我来说，一两天就够 了。A day Or two is enough for me.对我来说，一两天就够 了。5. neither, none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。Neither Of the books is/are interesting.两本书都没有趣。NOne Of US has/have been to Shanghai.我们没有一个人去过上海。6. 强调句型中，如果强调的是主语，(hat之后的句子谓语动词是由被强调的主语来决立的。It is I that am your best friend.是我是你最好的朋友。It is

33、he that Often gives me help.是他经常给我帮助。主谓一致专练：A)基础训练：主谓一致比较辨析1 a) What We need badlyInOre time.A. areB. isb) What We need nowmore sheep.2. SUChOUr Plan for the fuUrc.A. areB. isSUChhis WOrdS that he told us.3. One-third Of the deerIOSt IaSt nightOne-third Of the fisheaten UP by him4. The Steel WOrkSac

34、ross the street.Plenty Of WOrkStranslated into many IangUageS5. The Singer and dancerCOming to OUr COUntry.The Singer and the dancerCOming to OUr COuntr>r.6. Many StUdentSinterested in foreign films.Many a StUdentinterested in foreign films.7. A knife and forkOn the table.A knife and a forkOn the

35、 table8. Herea Pair Of glassesHer glassesOn the bookcase9. Therea Penny and SOme tickets in his pocket.ThereSOme tickets and a Penny in his pocket.10. The POPUlatiOnS Of that areafarmersThe POPUlatiOn Of that areaincreasing Very fast.11 A number Of girls in OUr COmPanyfond Of SUrfing the Internet.Th

36、e number Of girls in OUr COmPanynearly twenty.12. -WhOnext door?-It's LIlIda.-WhOnext door?一 It's Lmda and Lucy.13. NOt Onlythe PlanetS but also the Eartharoundthe sun.NOt Onlythe Earth but also the PlanetSaroundthe SIm.14. ThiS kind Of CartOOnWell in the bookstoreCartOOnS Of this kindWell i

37、n the bookstore15. EaCh Of themIight music and COUntry InUSiCThey eachIight InUSiC and COUntry InUSiC16. Ann is One Of the girls WhOfailed in the driving test.Ann is the One Of girls WhOfailed in the driving test.17. Part/Half Of the WOrkbeen done.Part/Half Of the WOrkerSbeen there18. The Oldtaking

38、good Care Of in OUr country.The Old mantaking good Care Of in my COUntry19. NOW that allbeen there, let,s Change to another PlaCeAll that ShOUld be donebeen done20. N4r. Li Or Igoing to attend the meeting tomorrow.BOth Mr. Li and Igoing to attend the meeting tomorrow.21 The shoes/PantS On the Iadder

39、InineThiS Pair Of ShOes/pants On the IadderhisA. is; areB. is; isC. are: is22. The ChineSe PeOPlebrave and hard-workingThe ChineSe PCOPlea brave and hard-working PCOPleA. WereB. WaSA. areB. isA. areB. isA. areB. isA. areB. isA. areB. isA. isB. areA. isB. areA. areB. isA. IiVeB. IiVeSA. moveB. movesA

40、. SelISB. SellA. enjoyB. enjoysA. hasB. haveA. hasB. haveA.requiresB. requireA. haveB. hasA. areB. amD are; areD. are; isA. are; areB. is; isC. is; are723. The POIiCeSearChing for the PriSOner everywhereThe POIiCemanSearChing for the PriSOner everyrwhere.D. were; WereD. was; WereD. have been; areA.

41、was; WaSB. has been; has been C. were; WaS24 HCr familymuch Iarger than minc.Her familyWatChing TV When I Canle in.A. was; WaSB. were; WereC. were; WaS25. Large quantities Of COttOnShiPPCd all OVer the WOrldA Iarge quantity Of bambooUSed as PiPeS to Carry water.A. has been; are B. has been; isC. hav

42、e been; is26. Nowadays, a Iarge number Of WOnlelK especially those from the COUntryside,in the ClOthingindustry.【05辽宁】A. is WOrkingB. WOrkSC. WOrkD. WOrked27. PrOfeSSOr Smith along With his assistants,On the PrOjeCt day and night to meet the deadlineA. WOrkB. WOrkingC. is WOrkingD. are WOrking2&

43、 The COUntry Iife he WaS USed togreatly SinCe 1992.【05 山东】A. ChangeB. has ChangedC. ChangingD. have Changed29. The COnIPany had about 20 notebook COmPUterS but Only one-thirdUSed regularly. NOW We havebeen WOrking all day long.【06 浙江】A. isB. areC. WaSD. Were30. A POet and artistCOming to SPeak to US

44、 about ChineSe IiteratUre and Painting tomorrow afternoon.06 江苏】A. isB. areC. WaSD. Were31 MOSt Of What has been Said about the SmithSalso tue Of the JOhnSOnS【06 安徽】A. areB. isC. beingD. to be32. The father as Well as his three ChildrenSkating On the frozen river every SUnday afternoon inwinter.【06辽

45、宁】A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going33. We IiVe day by day, but in the great things, the time Of days and WeekSSO Snlall that a day isUnimPOrtant. 07 湖南A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been34. A SurVey Of the OPiniOnS Of expertsthat three hours Of OUtdOOr exercise a Weekgood forone,s health. 07 江西】A.

46、show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are35. -Did you go to the ShOW IaSt night?【08 陕西】-Yeah EVery boy and girl in the areainvited.A. WereB. have beenC. has beenD. WaS2020全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编1. （20 天津卷）9. The number Of medical SChOOlS reached 18 in the early 1990s andaround that IeVelever since.A. a

47、re remainingB. have remainedC. is remainingD. has remained2019全国高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编1. （19 $工苏卷）22. Themusician alongWithhisband InCnlberS _ tenPerfOrmanCeS in the IaSt three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD.give2. （19 江苏卷）8. Amy,as Well as her brothers,_ a Warln WelCOme When returning to the Vil

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