中考英语专项专项五情态动词和

1、专项五：情态动词和连系动词一，情态动词：表示说话人的语气、情态，无人称和数的变化。不能独立作谓语，其后接动词原形。情态动词和动词原形一起作谓语，使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would), dare(敢)ought to, (应该)及半情态动词 have to,used to,had better。1 ， Must表示必须、必要。表主观看法， have to 必须，不得不，表客观。I must come in time.I have to stay at home now.在回答 must

2、 开头的问句时，否定回答不能用mustn t (禁止，不准)，而用needn或don t have to(不必).mustn不许，表示禁止做的事。-Must we hand in our exercise books today?-Yes, you must.-No, you don t have to / you needn t.2 , might and may1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，might所表示的可能性比 may 小也是 may 的过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或 mustnt ，表示 “不可以，禁止” 。Might/ May I smoke in thi

3、s room?No, you mustn t.May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you may./sure/certainly/of course.否定回答： No, you can t / mustn t. )2）用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿May you succeed!3 ， can and could1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three lang

4、uages.（知识）止匕时可用 be able to 代替。Can只有般 现在时和一般过去式；而 be able to 则有更多的时态。 I ll not be able to come this afternoon.2)当表示 经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Cano如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.3) 表示委婉请求和允许。 (can/ could/ would/ do 开头的句子)Can I go now?Yes, you can. /

5、No, you can 此时可与 tm. ay 互换。在疑问句中还可用 could, might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。m afraid not. )3)Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I 推测可能性。肯定句中： can 表示理论上的可能性； may 表示事实上的可能性，如： InYuyao, sometimes it can be really cold.Tom may go camping with us tomorrow, but he is not sure.否定句和疑问句中，

6、只能用 can 表猜测可能性。Someone is knocking at the door, and who can it be?It can t be Tom because he has gone to Beijing.4 ， shall and shouldshall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?shall Iclean the room for you?2) shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威 胁。a. You shall fail if you don警Work hard.(b. He s

7、hall have the book when I finish it.优诺)c. He shall be punished喊胁)Should.表示 应该”，常用来表示劝告、建议；认为某人应该做某事”或 宥义务责任做某事” 。We should obey traffic laws.You shouldn t have made this kind of sillymistakes.Tom should have brought his report today.这时它可以和ought to, be supposed to互换使用2)Should (ought to)表示推测时，是指有一定根据的

8、推测，意为 可能、该- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow,-They _should_ be ready by 12:00S hould/ought to have done:表示本该做但实际上没做的事情The train has left, you should have set off earlier.3)表示惊讶的语气You can never imagine such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady.Ought to :应该，后+动词原形。否定：oughtn tot疑

9、问：ought提到句首5， will 和 would1)表示意志或意愿：决心，愿意， We will do our best to save the child.我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。我叫她别哭t由鼬就是不愿I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn听。2）表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时，用 Would you 比用Will you 更婉 转 will 用于第二人称疑问句表示征求意见或提建议。Will/Would you please keep the door open?请让门开着好吗？Will/Would you go with me?

10、你愿意和我一起去吗 ?相关情态动词would like 表示愿意 ,想要 would like to do sth 想要做某事Would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事I would like to have a word with you.我想同你说句话。would ratherthan愿也不愿I would rather fail than cheat in the examination. 我宁愿考不及格，也不愿意 考试作弊。6 ， Need1 ） need 作情态动词无人称或数的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：Youneedn tworry不必担心

11、I needn t have brought the raincoat with me in such a sunny day yesterday. need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用 must或haveto;否定答语常用neednt. 如：一NeedIanswerthequestion彼需要回答那个问题吗？一Yes,youmust./-Yes,youhaveto是的，你必须回答。-No,youneednt./you don t have to必了。由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must,否定答语用neednt或 donthaveto 。如： MustIdotheworknow?

12、 我必须现在干这个活吗？ Yes,youmust/haveto.-No,youneednt/donthaveto.2) need做实义动词1) need sth需要一些东西2)need to do sth需要做某事 Ineed to go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair.这个星期天我有必要去北京参加一个书展。3)need doing=need to be done表被动(类彳以词 want,require)否定：don t needThis jumper needs washing (to be washed这件套衫需要洗了。7 ： d

13、are 敢通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中Dare you ask him?尔敢问他吗？ She dare not go out alone她不敢单独出去。I don t know whether he dare try不知道他敢不敢试。1. 有过去式dared。如：No one dared speak of it没有人敢提及此事。2. How dare you/he/she/they表示说话人对某人的行为表示愤慨。如：How dare you ask me such a question你怎敢问我这样的问题?3. I dare say表示 我相信，我认为，可能I dare say you a

14、re right我认为你 是对的作行为动词：可用于各种句子中；在疑问句或否定句中， to 经常被省略 Did anyone dare (to) admit it?有人敢于承认吗？He did not dare (to) leave his car there 他不敢把车停放在那里。If he dares to show up at her house I如besurprisSdi她的房子里，我会感到吃惊。表推测的用法:mightma尸couldcanmust（可能性从小到大）1,表示推测、可能 性（只用于肯定句）：1） must be:一定是，对现在的肯定猜测。Can t b不可能是，对现在的

15、否定猜测。a You re Tom s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.b Your mother must be waiting for you now,she can t be looking forsomething.2） Must have been:一定已经是，对过去的肯定猜测。不存在 mustn t have done 形式Can t have been:可能已经是，对过去的否定猜测。a,The groud is wet,it must have rained last night.b,Jim was here ju

16、st now, he can t have been in Brazil.2，表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。1 ） may/might be: 可能是a,He may /might be very busy now.b,Your mother may /might not know the truth.2）may / might have done 可能已经做-I can t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterdays 到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。John may/might not

17、have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤3 .can/could have done :可能已经做了 ，表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。Can/Could he have passed the exam?可能通过了 考试吗？I think that he couldn t/cant have gone abroad. I saw himtjuStOW 可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。4 , should have done本该已经做了某事，但实际上没做。5，怎样根据英语句子判断情态动词什么时候表示

18、推测？如一个英语句子中情态动词出现以下形式一般它就是表示推测用法 :*情态动 词 + have + Ved 过去分词（）* 情态动词 +be +Ving* 和 there be 连用例如：There must be some mistake.悄态动词 + V（M形） （此时动词为静态动词）例如： * He must be there.* 情态动词前的主语是无生命的对象。例如：* It must be George.练习题1.1 you,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotaskingD.daretonot

19、ask2 .Theresomeflowersinthegarden.A.wereusedtobeB.usedtobeC.usestobeD.usedtobehaving3 . Itakeitout? ” a I msorry,you.”A.Could couldn tB.Might mightnotC.Could canD.May can t4 .Youwerestupidtoclimbthetree.Youhurtyourself.A.mayB.mightC.willD.mighthave5 .You thoseletters.Whydidntyou?A.shouldpostB.should

20、havepostedC.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.6 .Allthelightsareon,theSmithsup.A.mustgetB.isgettingC.mustbegettingD.wouldget7 .Heleadahorsetothewaterbuthenotmakeitdrink.A.willcanB.may canC.may daresD.dare can8 . “ Needwedothisjobnow? ”“ Yes,. ”A.youneedB.youshouldC.youmustD.youcan9 .tohavelunchwithustoday

21、?A.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikedD.Haveyouliked10 .HesaidthatyouwatchTValltheeveningifyouwished.A.mayB.mustC.canD.might11 .IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may12 .Peter comewithustonight,butheisn tverysureyet.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will13 .Michael beapoliceman,forhesmuchtooshort.A.needn tB.can tC.sho