外研版选择性必修第一册Unit1PeriodFourGrammar—Non-definingattr

1、Period Four Grammar-Non-defining attributive clauses感了以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题1. I waIk (hrough the doors into the waiting area, where there * s a fami Iiar atmosphere of boredom and tens i on 2. PeopIe sit uncomfortabIy on pIast i c cha i rs, looking through oId magaz i nes, a I I of which have been read hu

2、ndreds of times previously.3. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara1 s parents rushed her to the hospitaI after she feI I off her bicycle 4. Scientific stud i es show that Iaughter produces chemi caIs to make peopIe fee I better, which meanscI own doctors can be he IpfuI.非限制性定语从句是对主

3、句中的先行词起it充说明作用的左语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。句1中where引导非限制性泄语从句，修饰上文的the waiting area；句2中用 了 "不怎代词+of+which”引导非限制性泄语从句;句3中wh。引导非限制性泄语从句，修饰上文的 nurse：句4中which引导非限制性泄语从句，指代前而整个主句。非限制性定语从句与限制性左语从句相比较，非限制性左语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词 起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。1 .引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who, whom或whose；指物时用whic

4、h或whose oThis is our headmaster, who I think has something important to teI I you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。My elder sister has become a doctor, which I wanted to be.我大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一需医生的。2 .引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when：指 地点时用where oChap I i n I i ved the Iast years of h i s I i fe i n

5、 Switzer land, where he was bur ied i n 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。He I eft h i s hometown i n 1992. when he was on Iy 12 years old.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。3 .限制性左语从句与非限制性立语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点： 引导词不同：关系代词that,关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 非限制性泄语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，即使去掉，主句的意思依 然 清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，

6、通常不翻译作定语，而是译成与主句 并列的句子。I have two fore i gn teachers > both of whom are from Amer i ca.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。The foreign teacher who comes from Amer ica teaches us I iterature 从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。 非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略：而在限制性左语从句 中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.这正是我们

7、正谈论的那个人。This is the man, whom we taIked about just now.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。(4)在限制性泄语从句中，关系词指人时，作宾语的whom可以用wh。或that代替，但在非限制性 泄语从句中不可以代替。He is the very person （whom/who/that） we referred to.他正是我们提到过的那个人。Peter, whom you met i n Londoik i s now back i n Par i s.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。4 . as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别： (

8、Das £非限制性左语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个左语从句修饰整个句子。as引导的非限制性泄语从句既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有'像 样，正如，正像”的意思。As we a I I know, he stud i es very hard, （as 作宾语） 我们都知道他学习很用功。As i s known to all, he i s the taI Iest student i n our cI ass. （as 作主语） 众所周知，他是我们班最高的学生。Taiwan, as is known to all, is an inseparab

9、Ie part of China. （as 作主语） 大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。which引导的非限制性泄语从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。He was I ate for the meet i ng, which made the cha i rman very angry, （which 指代整个主句的内容）他开会 迟到了，主席为此非常生气。I want to buy the house, which has a garden. （which 指代 the house）我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。I用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空I -

10、Her dog, which was very old, was hit by a car.2 . The gi rL whose mother i s a doctor, studies very hard.3 - I decided to sI ay i n Guangzhou, where I spent a I I my chi Idhood.4 . As i s known to a IL it takes more than good Iooks to succeed as an actor.5 Opposite i s St. Pau I, s Church > where

11、 you can hear some lovely music II 用关系代词或关系副词合并下列句子1. Her son hasn* t cal led her for some time. It makes her worr ied.Her son hasn* t cal led her for some time, which makes her woiricd.2. The cI ass officers wi I I meet i n Room 101. They met i n Room 101 Iast week.The cI ass off i cers wi I I meet

12、 i n Room 10L where they met last week.3. Thomas Edison was a great scientist.His inventions have changed the way of our Iiving Thomas Edison was a great scientist, whose inventions have changed (he way of our living.4. She has two sons. The older of them has just graduated from col lege She has two

13、 sons, (he older of whom has just graduated from college.5. You shou I d keep a d i aryr every day. I th i nk it i s a good way to record the fee I i ngs You shouId keep a d i ary every day. wh i ch I th i nk i s a good way to record the fee I i ngs.基础巩固I用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The woman has a lot of fr i

14、ends t some of whom are very famous wr iters in China 2. The number of smokers, as i s reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.3. - I am most gratefuI to my parents, who are a I ways there to encourage me and care for me 4. Much of h i s youth was spent in Beijing. where he deveI oped a

15、n i nterest i n Be i j i ng Opera.5. There are pIenty of good pubs and cIubs i n th i s area, most of wh i ch are fr i end Iy and safe 6. Thesports meet i ngwiI I be put off till nextmonth, when we wiI I have made aI I the preparations.7. Kate, whose sisterI shared aroom with whenwe were at college&

16、gt; has gone toworkin AustraIia.（2018-天津）8. Sheand her fami I ybicycle towork, which heI ps them keep fit. （2018-1 匕乐）9. ButSara I n who hastaken parti n shows alongwith top mode I s, wants to provethatshe has bra i ns aswe I I as beauty. （2017-全国 III）10. We wi I I have a picnic in the park tomorrow

17、, when the weather may be better.11 完成句子11 She is cIeaning the windows. some of which aec very dirty.她正在擦窗子，一些窗子很脏。12 . L i Yang, who is our monitor, i s a I ways ready to he I p others 李阳一直乐于助人,他是我们的班长。13. I n the afternoon.we went to the West Lake.where there werea lot of visitors.下午我们去了四湖,那里有很多游客

18、。14. The band was very" successfu I i n the 1970s,most of whose members were very young. 这个乐队在 20 世纪7。年代非常成功，它的大部分成员都很年轻。15 The boy broke the vaIuabIe vase, which nade his mother very angry.男孩打碎了那个贵重的花瓶，这使得他妈妈非常生气。能力提升I IL阅读理解There was a time when a tr ip to the supermarket in the United States

19、 often ended with a seemingly simple quest ion from the cashier ： ” Paper or plastic? " Well, which type of bag wouId you choose?While a I I types of bags have some i nfIuence on the env i ronment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewabIe source, brea

20、k down easiIy, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However" the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of pIast i c ones. How can th i s be true?Studies show that paper bag production requi res four times as much energy as plastic bag production. And

21、 the amount of v/ater used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very ser i ous. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, wh i ch happens to be the number of bags used i n the United States year Iy. In terms of recycling, the i dea

22、that paper bags are more env i ronment-fr i end Iy than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows i t requ i res about 98% I ess energy to recycIe pIast ic than it does paper.Even though paper bags might be more harmfuI than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered by governmen

23、ts as the more harmfuI of the two. In I re I and, for example, a tax has been i ntroduced to di scourage the use of plastic bags.People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a resultt thei r use has dropped quickly.There' s no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. Howe

24、ver, we don * t seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fa I I apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice> but st i IL the i r product ion a I so has a bad infIuence on the envi ronment. So what to do? Hov/ should we answer the quest i on of Taper or plastic? " I

25、t seems that we first need to ask ourseIves one more genera I question： “What can I do to help the envi ronment?u语篇解读文章列举了一些数据来说明纸袋和塑料袋哪种更环保。不管怎样，如何保护环境是我们所有人都需要关注的。16. The questions in Paragraph 1 are used to.A. express the author3 s doubtsB te I I readers how to save moneyC introduce points for d

26、i scuss ionD show the k i ndness of the cash i er答案C解析推理判断题。文章第一段说到“去超市购物，收银员最后问我们用纸袋还是塑料袋”的问题，引出下文关于坏保的讨论，可知第一段的问题被用来引出下文要介绍的话题。故选Co17. Compared with plastic bags» paper bagsA. need more water to produceB requ i re I ess energy to recycIeC take more t ime to break downD. have less infIuence on

27、 forests答案A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句"Studies show that paper bag production requi res four times as much energy as plastic bag production. And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. u nJ 知，与塑料袋相比，纸袋的生产需要更多的水。故选A。18. The under Iined word “discarded” in Paragraph 3 probabIy means &

28、quot;” .A. sharedB given upC d i scussedD put forward答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知,就回收而言，纸袋比塑料袋更环保的想法可以被 很快放弃了。研究显示，回收塑料比回收纸节省98%的能源。故选B。19. Which quest ion does the author probabIy hope the cashier wi I I ask?A. Paper or cloth?B Paper or pIast i c?C - A smaI I bag or b i g one?D A new bag or your own one?

29、答案D解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后的内容"How should we answer the question of 'Paper or plastic ? It seems that we f i rst need to ask ourse I ves one more genera I quest ion : 1 What can I do to help the environment ?1"我们应该怎样回答“纸袋还是塑料袋”的问题呢？似乎我们首先需要问自己一个 更常规的问题“我应该做什么来改善环境呢？ ”可知，作者希望收银员问的问题是“新袋子还是 自己的袋子

30、？ ”故选D。W.完形填空It was 12： 45 p. m. on January 2, 2007. Fifty-year-old Wes I ey Autrey was 20 the tra i n at a subway station in New York. Hi s two daughters, aged four and six, were with him.21, a sick man feI I on the pIatform. The maiL20-year-old Cameron Hollopeter» got up.but then 22againthis

31、time, onto the track between the two rai Is. A 23 was cominginto the station. It was a(n) 24 moment.But Mr Autrey was, t afraid.He 25 the man, and he looked at thespace that the man was in. It was about ha If a meter deep. And he 26,“The train is going to traveI over thi s man. 27 he tr ies to get u

32、p, the train wiI I kill him. But if he Iies on the ground and doesn* t 28 r he' I I be OK. n So he knew he had to make a decision.He 29 . Mr Autrey I ay on top of Mr Hol lopcter and kept him down on the ground. TI i e tra i n dr i ver saw them. He was afraid, but he couldn* t 30 in time. Five su

33、bway cars traveled over the two men before the train stopped The peopIe on the platform were 31 . When Mr Autrey heard them screamings he shouted. uWc ' re OK down here, but I have two daughters up there. Let them 32 the i r father * sOK. PeopIe on the pIatform cIapped and 33 . They were amazed

34、at Mr Autrey" s34_. Subway workers he I ped the two men out.They had no ser i ous i njur i es "Mr Autrey said,I didn' t do anyth i ng spec i a I. I just d i d what I thought was r i ght. ”语篇解读本文为记叙文。这篇短文主要记述了奥特里先生在等火车时,看到一位病人 倒在了铁轨上。火车眼看就要开过来，因此他跳下铁轨把这个病人压在了身下，因此救 了这个人一命。20. A. wa i t

35、i ng forB gett i ng onC. sitting onD getting off答案A解析wait for等候；get on上车；sit on坐在±； get off下车。根据下文可知f奥特里带着两个女儿在等火车。故选A。21 A. Luck i I yB Sudden IyC. QuietlyD Finally答案B解析I uck i I y幸运地;sudden I y突然地;quietly安静地；final ly最后。根据下文的内容可知,突然，一个病人倒在站台上。故选B。22 A. cI imbedD waIked答案B解析cl imb爬;fal I摔倒f掉下;r

36、un跑;walk散步。根据上文中的"a sick man fell on the platform"可知，但这个病人站起来后又倒下了这次,是在两条铁轨之间。故选B。23 A. tra i ncarcoach答案A解析根据下文“The train is going to travelover this man. n可知，此处意为“火车正要进 站。“故选Ao24. A. h i stor i cexcitingC. r i ghtD - fr i ghten i ng答案D解析histor ic历史性的；exciting令人激动的；r ight正确的：fr ightening令

37、人恐惧的。一个人倒在火车轨道上此时火车正在进站这是一个令人恐惧的时刻。故选Do25 A. pointed atB glared atC. Iooked afterD looked at答案D解析point at指向；glare at 怒目而视；look after 照顾；look at 看看。根据 “He space the man , and he looked at the space “可知，他看了看那个人，又看了看那个人所在的空间。故选D。26. A. heardB. thoughtC. shoutedD. suggested答案B解析看见火车马上就到了，所以他想(think):“火车

38、要碾过这个人”。故选B。27. A. Unt i IB. BecauseC. ThoughD. I f答案D角翠析根据后面的 “ But if he lies on the ground and doesn' t, he 11 be OK."可知， 此处是才旨“如果(if)他站起来，火车会碾死他"。故选D。28. A. sleepB. I istenC. moveD. n i sh答案C解析sleep睡觉；I isten听；move移动，搬家；rush猛)中。此处是指“但如果他躺在地上不 动 (move),他就会没事。”故选C。29. A. understoodB.

39、 smi ledC. jumpedD. practiced答案C解析understand理解；smi Ie微笑, jump跳；practice练习。病人倒在火车轨道上，轨道比 地面低, 所以奥特里要跳下去,才能扑到那个人的身上，故选Co30. A. turnB. arriveD. stopC. change答案D解析 根据后面的内容可知，司机看见轨道上有人，却不能停车(Stop),所以才会害怕。故选DoB - satisfied31 A. shockedC - disappointedD - pleased答案A解析shocked震惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的

40、；pleased演兴的。根据后面人 们的尖叫，可知，站台上的人们都震惊了，故选A。32 . A.sayB - knowC - rememberD - imagine答案B解析say说；know知道；remember记得;imagine想象。根据语境可知,奥特里先生怕女 儿担心，所以他要让女儿知道她们的父亲没事。故选B。33 A. shookB - cheeredC - criedD - sang答案B解析 根据前面“People on the platform clapped"可知，站台上的人们为他鼓掌,喝彩欢呼(cheer) g 故选 Bo34 A.dreamB - responsibi IityC - courageD carefuIness答案C解析dream梦想