(英语)高考英语一轮复习专项训练被动语态及解析

1、（英语）高考英语一轮复习 专项训练 被动语态及解析、单项选择被动语态1.It s reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research_B. will have been doneC. will be done【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态及语态。句意：据报道，直到一些彻底的调查研究被做出以后，中国 才会买进欧盟债务，含有 not .until的状语从句，主句一般将来，从句表示已经做过研究之 后，所以用完成时表示，研究与做之间又是被动关系，由此综合两者，A 正确。考点：考查时态及语态2._

2、scores of times, but Derek still couldn t understand how to use past participle in acon crete situati on.A. Having explainedB. Having been explainedC.Though it was explained D. It was explained【答案】D【解析】因为有连词 but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though 不能和 but 同时使用，所以选D。3._Its great that all the visitors whoon the i

3、sland were saved.A. trappedB. have been trappedC. had trappedD. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。由weresaved 可知此事发生在过去，且被困应在被救之前，应用过去完成时；同时，visitors 和trap 构成被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故D 选项正确。4.Due to the country s growing rate ofurbanization, China s migrant population_to beov

4、er 200 millio n by 2020.A. predicts B. is predicted C. will have been predicted D . will be predicted【答案】B【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：由于中国城市化的速度不断提高，到2020 年，中国的流动人口预计将超过2 亿。结合句意可知，用一般现在时态的被动语态，句子主语是A. has been doneD. had been donepopulation，单数第三人称形式，故答案为B。该题容易误选D 项，是现在预计，而不是将来预计，故用现在时态。5.The headmaster in our

5、school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate thanwhe n we_admitted.A. will getB. getC. gotD. have got【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查语态。句意：我们校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心壮志。从句中主语 we 和动词 admit 是被动关系，入学发生在过去，此处用一般过去时的被动语态；got 在此相当于 were，故选 C。6.Usually Beiji ng Roast Duck_ together with special pan cakes, gree

6、 n onions and sweetsauce.A. was served B. will serveC. is served D. served【答案】C【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beiji ng Roast Duck 是单数第三人称，和谓语动词 serve 之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为Co7. Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?Yes, he_, and he looked a litt

7、le bit n ervous.A. had in terviewed B . was in terviewedC. was being in terviewed D . is being in terviewi ng 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：迈克，你刚才看到 Mr. Chapman 在办公室吗？是的他正在接受采访，他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过去进行时，句中he和动词 in terview 是被动关系，所以此处用过去进行时的被动，故选C。8.-Have you teleph oned your father?-Yes, he_ back next week.A .

8、 is expectedB . expectsC . will expectD . will be expected【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：-你给你的父亲打电话了吗？一是的，他有望明年回来。这里 sb beexpected to do 现在现在盼望明年回来，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，这里he应指的是 父亲。 根据句意故选 A。考点：考查动词时态及语态的用法。9._This is one of the highest buildings thatin our city recently.A. has been built B. buildC. have been built D .

9、have built【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：这是最近我们城市建设的众多最高的建筑中的一座。此处 the highest buildings 是先行词，指物，复数形式，且和build 之间是被动关系，再根据 recently 所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故选C。10.Oral English exams_ in China twice a year to give more chances to the students.A. has held B. will be heldC. will hold D . has been held【答案】B【解析】考

10、查时态和语态。句意：英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次，为的是给学生更多的机会。句中主语Oral English exams 和动词 hold 是被动关系，表示动作将要进行不是完成，排除 D,故选 Bo11.No decisi on _A_ about any future appo in tme nt un til all the can didates have bee nin terviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态，主语是decision 和动词 make 是

11、动宾关系，所以用被动式，因为后面的句子 about any future appointment 可以知道动作未发生，所以用将来时，句子意思关于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访”，所以选 A考点：考查时态点评：做时态题时，首先看时间状语，由时间状语来确定句子的时态；如果没有时间状语，可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。12.Local governments_ to strengthen water transport safety management _recent fatal accide nts.A. are urging, followed B . are being

12、 urged, followingC. are urged, to follow D . urge, being followed【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：最近接连发生的致命事故敦促地方政府加强 水路运输安全管理。 urge sb. todo sth. ，为固定搭配。 “敦促某人做某事 ”。分析句意可知是 事故促使政府加强管理。因此政府与敦促是被动关系，故A 与 D 是错误的。事件已发生了故不能用 to follow 作定语， following ，后面的，其次的，下列的。因此要用B。13 Please wear your best clothes on Monday,

13、 as your class photos _ then.A will take B will be taken C have taken Dhave been taken 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服，因为那时你们班将拍 照。根据语境可知，动作发生在将来，并且是被动，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选 B。14 Now the worlds attention _ the stocking markets, as they have great influence onthe world s economy.A is fixing on B is be

14、ing fixed on Chas fixed on Dhad been fixed on 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上，因为它们对世界经 济已经产生了很大的影响。attention 与 focus 之间为被动关系，Now 提示用现在进行时。15 Her own story _ and this book is expected to come out next week.A had been written B has been written Chad written D has written【答案】 B【解析】 句意：她自己的故事已经被写出

15、来了，这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知，应该用现在完 成时的被动语态。故选E。16一 When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?一 Not until our plan_ by the committee A will be approvedBapprovesC is to approveD has been approved【答案】 D【解析】这题考查时态语态，our plan 和 approve 是被动关系，用被动，选择 A 或 D。A 项是一般将 来时， not until 引导的是时间状语从句，不能用将来时

16、，可以用一般现在时或现在完成 时，选 D。17 (江苏四校第四次考试 )The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing_shortly.A will be publishedBhave been publishedC had been publishedD are published【答案】 A【解析】考查时态。 shortly 不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来 时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。答案： A18 It i

17、s the third time so far that such a festival _ in my hometown.A is heldBhas been heldC will be heldD had been held【答案】 B【解析】试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (seco nd, third)tim 从句，这是第一(二，三)次 。一般来说，This is the first (second, third)tim 从句，a 这个句式中that 从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far 距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将

18、来时。故选C。考点 : 考查句式用法19 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman_ to be infected with thebird flu virus.A confirmedBhad been confirmedC was confirmedD have confirmed【答案】 C【解析】试题分析：句意：一例人感染 H7N9 病毒的报告发生在 2014 年，当时，一名女性被确诊感 染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据 was reported in 2014 可知，是过去的事情，先行 词是 2014，定语从

19、句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman 与 confirm 是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选 C。考点：考查时态与被动语态20I wonder why Robert hasnt shown up at the interview yet. Its a pity if he missedIm not sure, but he _ in a traffic jam riding here.A could stuckBshould stuckC must have stuckD might have been stuck【答案】 D【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。上句：我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还

20、没有出现。如果他错过 了很可惜。下句：我不确定，但是他可能被困于交通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式，根据句意可知是被动，故答案为D。21._ A lot of small tow ns in the area are defi nitely worth .A. to be visitedB. being visitedC. visitingD. to visit【答案】C【解析】【详解】主动形式表达被动意义。句意：这个地区的许多小城镇绝对值得一游。be worth doingsth 值得做某事”，主动形式表达被动意义。故选C 项。22.If the new saf

21、ety system_to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be put D. would be put【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生 了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用 had done 形式，此外根据句意可 知是被动，用被动语态，故 A 项是正确的。【点睛】英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈 述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈

22、使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）虚拟语气：不 可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句 If you work hard,you ll surely pass the e虚拟条件句 （假设情况不存在， 实现机会很 小） If I were a bird, I couldfly freely in the sky.if 从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（ be 一律用 were） would/could/might/should+ 动词原形 2.与过去事实相反 haddonewould/could/might/should+have

23、 done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be 一律用 were） b.should+动词原形（不能用 would）c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+ 动词原形与现在事实相反 if 从句：动词过去式（ be-were ）主 句：would/could/might/should+ 动词原形 If we had time, we wouldgo with you.If I were you, I shouldn t do that.If it weren t raining, we wc 与过去事实相反 stay 从句：haddone 主句： w

24、ould/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadn t helped us, we couldn succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadnhave come.3.与将来事实可能相反 if 从句：a.动词过去式（be 一律用 were） b.should+ 动词原形（不能用would） c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+ 动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I woul

25、d tell him everything.lf it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.Ifit were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him. 错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发t have t been ill, he migh生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往 要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。 If yo

26、u had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctor s advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still betternow.（ 有时时间会省略）含蓄条 件句有时虚拟条件不用 if 条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。 They wouldnot be able to live without him. （如果

27、没有） He would have failed but for his teacher s timely advice. （要 不是） =if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!（ 要是 . 就好了） Youwould have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident. 虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方 式表现出

28、来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。 I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition. （实虚） =Iwas ill that day. If I hadn t been illthat day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didn hatveenough money. （虚 -实） =He would have bough

29、t the piano if he had hadeno ugh mon ey, but in fact he did n t have eno 省略 mon 倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should 和 were，那么可省略 if,把 had, should 和were 放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if 倒装条件句。If he had finished the work yesterday, hewould have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he w

30、ould have gone to the concertwith you.If I were you, I wouldn t do that.=were I you, I wouldnshould meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.23Time magazine has chosen “The Gua,rdia ngsroup”of journalists who_ for their work,as Person of the Year, for taking

31、great risks in pursuit of greater truths.A will targetBhave targetedC will be targetedD have been targeted【答案】 D【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：时代周刊将 “守护者 ”一群因自己的工作而成为受攻击目标的记者评为年度人物,因为冒巨大的风险追求更伟大的真理。根据句意可知,记者被攻击,且 已发生,有对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时。故选 D。24 They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult _ .A to so

32、lveBsolvedCto be solvedDsolving【答案】 A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们意识到泰德提出的问题很难解决。结合短语be difficult to do sth.难以；很难 后跟不定式，且在此结构中，若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系，那 么该不定式习惯上要用主动形式表示被动意义。故用 to solve 形式。故选 A。25.I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He _ around here for a long time. t doA. wont be see nB. was nt see nC. has nt bee

33、 n see nD. had nt bee n see n【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据 this morning 可知，这是过去的事情；再根据 for a long time 可知，此空是更 靠前的动作，且句子主语 He 和 see 之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。26.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_with successin the end.A. rewardedB. were

34、 rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤：1.确定时态：根据句尾的 in the end 可知，事情发生在将来，用将来时。2.确定语态：efforts 和 reward 是被动关系，应该使用被动语态。句意： 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力终将会得到回报。综上，用一般将来时的被动， 故选 D。【点睛】一般将来时1. 表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall +动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week 等)。2. 表示一种趋向或习惯动作。例如： we

35、 ll die without air or water.3. 表示趋向行为的动词如come, go, start, begin, leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。4. be going to 与 will / shall, be to do, be about to do 用法及区别：(1) shall / will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。(2) be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而 will do 贝 U 能，表 意愿。例

36、如：If it is fine, we ll go 正确 ng.(If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(令错误)(3) be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。例如： A meet ing is to be held at 3:00 o clock this after noon.(4) be about to do sth.表示 即将/正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用，但可与 when 引 导的从句连用，构成常考句型： sb was about to do sth when sb did

37、sth 。 例如： Autumn harvest is about to start.27 Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village lastweek.A is givenBare givenC was givenD were given【答案】 C【解析】【详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last week 可知，应用过去时，排除选项A 和 B;本句的主语是 Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。28 The c

38、oach, together with his players, _ to the party held last Friday night, aimingto celebrate their win in the match.A was invitedBwere invitedChas been invitedDhave been invited【答案】 A【解析】【详解】 考查主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这个教练，和他的队员一起，被邀请去参 加上周五晚上举行的聚会，目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句中的“last Friday nigh（t 上周五晚上）”可知，这句话应使用一般过去时

39、。句子主语为The coach，为第三人称单数形式，“ together with 介词词组作主语的伴随状语，不能算作主语，所以谓语动词应与Thecoach 保持一致。故选 A。【点睛】主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲，即在英 语组词成句的过程中，主语的人称、数、格发生了变化，谓语也必须跟着变化，保证主语 和谓语之间关系的协调一致。在英语语法中，这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个 原则，语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单 数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式，谓语动词也是复数形式。当than ，with ，

40、 as well as， along with ， together with ， like， rather than ， except， not， but， including ， plus，besides， in addition to 等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时，谓语不受这些 短语影响，须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了 together with 结构，所以句子的谓语动词与主语 the coach 保持一致。29 Have you heard of yesterdays gas explosion?Yes. Only two of the 35 m

41、iners at the scene _ to have made it out safely.A have thought B are thoughtChad thought D were thought【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意： 你听说昨天的瓦斯爆炸了吗 ?是的，在现场的 35 名矿工 中，只有两名被认为安全获救。此处指现在只有 2 个人被认为安全获救，用一般现在时的 被动语态，故选 B.30 This kind of cloth_ well and large quantities of the cloth _ .A is sold； have been soldB

42、is sold; has been soldC sells； have been soldD sells ; has been sold【答案】 C【解析】【详解】 考查动词的时态语态。句意：这种布销路很好，已售出大量。 sell/wash/burn 等词在表示事 物的状态、特点时，可以用主动表被动，因此第一个空应选sells;第二空表示出售，卖”的动作，用被动语态，且强调对现在的影响应该用现在完成时态，故正确答案为C。31 I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didnt you drive him there? I _ . But

43、 my car _ .A would; was fixedBwould have; was fixedC would have; was being fixedD did; was being fixed【答案】 C【解析】【详解】 考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：-我看见你叔叔坐出租车去机场了。你为什么不开车送他去那里呢？ -我本来想送他了。但是我的汽车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示 本来想做但是没有做的事情，应该用 would have done ；而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的 时候，表示过去正在进行的动作，故答案选C。32Please don t stand up in class

44、 until you _.A were told toBare toldC are told toD were told【答案】 C【解析】【详解】 考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文 中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。 分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故 C 选项正确。【点睛】to 代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不 定式的符号 to。to 代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem intend, expect, hope, like,

45、be afraid,prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try ， tell 等动词连用。注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或 have been，一般要保留 be, have 或 have been。本句还原为： Please don t stand up in class until you are tlod to stand up 。省略句为： Please don t stand upin class until you are told to。故 C 选项正确。33 The classroom _ by students every day.

46、A cleans B cleanedCis cleaned D is cleaning【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean 之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选 C。34 Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday?A holding BholdCto hold D to be held【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：你要参加下星期六举行

47、的会议吗?根据next Saturday 可知，事情还未发生， the meeting 和 hold 之间是一种被动关系，所以用动词 不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，且表示将来。故选D。35 More than one worker _dismissed.A have been BareChas been D has【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由many a,more than one单数名词 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A 和 B，“工人 ”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。36. I want

48、 to buy that kind of cloth because I_ the cloth_well.A. have told ； washesB. have been told ； washesC. was told ； washedD. have been told ； is washed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查语态时态。句意：因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗，于是我想去买这种布。第一空 中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，且I 与 tell 是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词 wash 与副词 well 连用，用主动形式表示被动含 义。故 B 项正

49、确。【点睛】小题 2 中考查了主动表示被动的用法，涉及主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下：1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste （吃起来）,sou nd （听起来）,prove（证明是）,feel（摸上去感到）等，例如：Your reason sou nds reaso nable.你的理由听起来很合理。Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。2）些与 cant（不能）或 wont（不会）连用的动词。常用的有：lock（锁住）,shut（关上），open（

50、打开，营业），close （关门）,cut （切割），weigh （重），act （上演），例如：The door wont open.这门打不开。 It cant move.它不能动。This shop ope ns much earlier tha n it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.3）些与 well（很）,easily（容易地）,perfectly（十分地）等连用的动词，如：sell, wash, clean, burn, cook,wash, write, last, read, wear 等。这种 动词+副词结构，常表示事物内部特有 的属性。例如：The book sells well.这种书很畅销。These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。4）用在主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词，例如：This material has worn thin.这料子已磨薄了。The dust has blow n in to the house.灰尘被风吹进了房子。T