2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案第一套20200629132408

1、2021年6月大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to youi campus newspaper o n a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood . You should write at least 120 words but no

2、 more tha n180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at en couragi ng stude nts to visitthe elderly at the Nursi n

3、gHouse and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological.Manystudents volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers &#

4、39; feelings about such an experienee, all of them responded with a smile, saying“what a wonderful practiceand I really appreciate this experienee,for it makes melearn to care more for othersin n eed. All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those s

5、tude nts in volved.【参考范文译文】6月14日,星期五,学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动,许多学生都积极参与其中,该活动取得了巨大的成功.此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们弁对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助.许多学生主动参加到此次善举当中,帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷,竭尽所能提供帮助.问及参与此次活动的感想时,他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了,很感谢这次经历,它让我懂得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人总而言之,此次活动取得了巨大成功,不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多,对于参与的学生来说也是意义良多.Part IIIReading Comprehension(40 minute

6、s) Section AThe center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silic on Valley, where self-drivi ng vehicles are coming into life.In a 27 to take product ion back to Detroit, Michiga n lawmakers have in troduced28 thatcould make thei

7、r state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.Michigan 29 sin auto research and development is under attack from several states and coun trieswhich desire to 30 our leadership in tran sportati on. We cantseyhappalorMike Kowall, the

8、 lead 31 of four bills rece ntly in troduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigans 2021 lawthat allowed the test ing of self-drivi ng vehicles in limited con diti ons.Manu facturer would haven early total freedom to test their self-drivi ng tech no logy o

9、n public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-drivi ng cars on cross-state road trips, and even set on-dema nd 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michiga n clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial applicati on of self

10、-driv ing tech no logy .In34 , California, home of Silic on Valley, recen tly proposed farmore 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self- drivi ng tech no logy.A) bid B) contrast C) deputy D) dominance E) fleets F) knots G) legislationI) replace

11、J) represent k) restrictive L) reward M) significant N) sponsor O) transmitted【参考答案】26-30 HAGDI31-35 NJEBKSection BHow Work W川 Cha nge When Most of Us Live to 100A. Today in the Un ited States there are 72,000centen aria ns (百岁老人).Worldwide,Probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050

12、there will be more than a million in the USalone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a lifeexpectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan50% of 2007 babies c

13、an expect to live to 107.B. Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urge ntly n eeds to address them. But it is also importa nt to lookat the wider picture of what happe ns

14、 whe n so many people live for 100 years.It is a mistake to simply equateIon gevity(长寿)with issues of old age. Lon gerlives have implicati ons for all of life, not just the end of it.C. Our view is that if many people are livi ng for Ion ger, and are healthier forIon ger, the n this will result in a

15、n in evitable redesig n of work and life. When people live Ion ger, they are not only older for Ion ger, but also youn ger forIon ger. There is some truth in the say ing that70 is the new 60" or 40the new 30. " If you age more slowly over a Ion ger time period, the n you are in some sense

16、youn ger for Ion ger.D. But the changes go further than that. Take, for instanee, the age at whichpeople make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having childre n, or starti ng a career. These are all fun dame ntal commitme nts that are now occurri ng later in life .In 1962, 50% of

17、America ns were married by age 21. By 2021, that milestone (里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E. While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surelya grow ing realizati on for the young that they are going to live Ion ger. Opti ons are more valuable the Ion ger they can be held. So if

18、 you believe you will live Ion ger, the n optio ns become more valuable, andearly commitme nt becomes lessattractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the begi nning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patter ns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging

19、 for those in their twenties.F. Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financialreas ons. Yes, uni ess people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculati ons suggest that if youare now in your mid-40s, then you are likelyto work untilyour early 70s; and if you are in y

20、our early 20s, there is a real cha nee you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But evenif people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of pote ntial in activity is harmful tocog nitive (认知的)and emoti onalvitality. Many people may sim

21、ply not want to do it.G. And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets n eeded for a 100-year life, but such persiste nt work will in evitably exhaust precious intan gible assets such as

22、productive skills, vitality, happ in ess, and frien dship.H. The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, adm ini stered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support asusta in ed, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of tech no logica

23、l cha nge, either your skills will become unn ecessary, or your in dustry outdated. That means that every one will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.A. It seems likely, the n, that the traditi onalthree-stage life will evolve in tomultiple sta

24、ges containing two, three, or oven more differe nt careers. Each of these stages could pote ntially be differe nt. I n one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balanee, still another on exploring and understanding option

25、s more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social Contribution.These stages will span sectors, take people to differentcities, and provide Foun dati on for buildi ng a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休彳矍)as people

26、 find tim rest and recharge their health, re-i nvest in their relati on ships, or improvetheir skills. At times, t hese breaks an d tran siti ons will be self-determ in ed, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profo und

27、cha nges not just in how you man age your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many.That is why being self-aware, in vesti ng in br

28、oader n etworks of frien ds, and being ope n to new ideas will become eve n more crucial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will createextraordinaryvariety across groups of people simplybecause there are so many ways of seque ncing the stages. More stages mean more possible seque nces.M) With this va

29、riety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life, people leave uni versity at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into ret

30、ireme nt with in a few years of each other. I n a multi-stage life, you could be an un dergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a man ager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an in depe ndent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the e

31、merg ing reality of Ion ger lifespa ns. The three-stage life of full-time educati on, followed by con ti nu ous work, and the n complete retireme nt may have worked for our pare nts or even gra ndpare nts, but it is not releva nt today. We believe that to focus on Ion gevity as primarily an issue of

32、 aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for Ion ger. It is about livi ng Ion ger, being older later, and being youn ger Ion ger.36. An exte nded lifespa n in the future will allow people to have more careers tha n now.37. Just exte nding one ' care

33、er may have both positive and n egative effects.38. Nowadays, many America ns have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their Ion ger lifespa n, young people today no Ion ger follow the patter n of life of their pare nts or gran dpare nts.40. Many more people will be

34、expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st cen tury.41. A Ion ger life will cause radical cha nges in people' s approach to life.42. Fast tech no logical cha nge makes it n ecessary for one to con sta ntly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm

35、to their men tal and emoti onal well-be ing.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People livi ng a Ion ger and healthier life will have to rearra nge their work and life.【参考答案】36-40 IGDNA 41-45 KHFMCSection C Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on

36、 the following passage.In the classic marriage vow 誓约 ,couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises whe n the wife-not the husba ndbecomes seriously ill.Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may

37、 find themselves struggli ng with the impact of their disease while also experie ncing the stress of divorce, " said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Ken zie Latham an alyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study con ducted by In dia na Un iversity since 1992. At the

38、 time of the first in terview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers exam ined how theon set (发生)of four serious physical ill nessesaffected marriages. They found that, overall, 31%of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The in cide nee of newchronic (慢性的

39、)ill ness on set in creasedover time as will, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of 川ness, " Karraker said. They're more likely to be widowed, and if they ' e the noes who become ill,

40、 they 're more likely to get divorced.While the study didn ' assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons.Gen der norms andsocial expectati ons about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide “ Karr

41、aker said. care to sick spouses,And because of the imbala nee in marriagemarkets, especially in oldermen have more choices amon g prospectiveages, divorced part ners tha n divorced wome n. Give n the in creas ing concern about health care costs for the aging populati on, Karraker believes policymake

42、rs should be aware of the relati on shipbetwee n diseaseand risk of divorce.Offeri ng support services to spouses cari ng for their other halves may reduce marital stress and preve nt divorce at older ages,“ she said. But it ' alsoimportant to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health

43、-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and in creased health costs. 46. What can we lear n about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not take n ser

44、iously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Ken zie Latham find about elderly husba nds?A) They are gen erally not good at tak ing care of themselves.B) They can become in creas in gly vuln erable to serious ill nesses.C) They can develop differe

45、 nt kinds of ill nesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to con tract serious ill nesses tha n their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) Th

46、ey are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses accord ing to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receivi ng care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urge nt to fulfill their social o

47、bligati ons.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reduc ing marital stress on wives.B) Stabiliz ing old couples ' relatio ns.C) Provid ing extra care for divorced wome n.D) Making men pay for their wives' health costs.Passage TwoQuesti

48、ons 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most childre n, you probably got upset whe n your mother called you by a sibling' s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on,

49、misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a com moncog nitive (认知的)error that hasto do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journalMemoryand Cognition found thatthe wrong " n ame is not ran dom but is in variably fished out

50、from the same relati on ship pond: childre n, sibli ngs, frien ds. The study did not exam ine the possibility of deep psychological sig ni fica nee to the mistake, says psychologistDavid Rubin, but it does tell us who ' in and who ' out of the group. The study also found that with in that gr

51、oup, misnamings occurred where the n ames shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmyand Joanie or John and Bob. Physicalresembla nee betwee n people was not a factor. Nor was gen der.The researchers con ducted five separate surveys of more tha n 1,700 people. Some ofthe surveys in cluded only col

52、lege stude nts; others were done with a mixed-age populati on. Someasked subjects about in cide nts where some one close to them - family or friend - had called them by another person ' name. The other surveys asked about times whe n subjects had themselves called some one close to them by the w

53、rong n ame. All the surveys found that people mixed up n ames with in relatio nship groups such as gra ndchildre n, friends and sibli ngs but hardly ever crossed these boun daries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as like

54、ly as women. Older people and this mistake and menas likelyaswomen. Older people and womenmade the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have childre n.Also, mothers may call on their childre n more ofte n tha n fathers, give

55、n traditionalgender norms. Therewas no evidenee that errors occurred more when the misn amer was frustrated, tired or an gry.51. How might people ofte n feel whe n they were misn amed?A) Un wa nted.B) Unhappy.C) Co nfused.D) I ndiffere nt.52. What did David Rubin ' research find about misnaming?A) It is