高中英语定语从句详版(适合新授及复习版)

1、名词名词 n. 代词代词 pron. 动词动词 v. 形容词形容词 adj. 副词副词 adv. 单词分类（单词分类（词性词性）句子成分（句子成分（构成句子的各个部分构成句子的各个部分）主要成分：主语和谓语主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、 状语、同位语、补足语状语、同位语、补足语 主语谓语主语谓语是基础，是基础，宾表定状补宾表定状补辅助。辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成句子成分分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事人或什么事名，代，数，名，代，数，不定式，动

2、不定式，动名词，短语名词，短语或句子（同或句子（同主语）主语）We study in Yaosai Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样什么或怎么样动词或动词词动词或动词词组组She is dancing.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象名，代，数，名，代，数，不定式，动不定式，动名词，短语名词，短语或句子（同或句子（同主语）主语）Both of us like English.修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boy定语从句：定语从句： 修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和

3、代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句定语从句the best film 先行词先行词that关系词关系词1 1定语从句：定语从句：2 2先行词先行词：3 3关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词通常有下列关系词通常有下列三个作用三个作用：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。所修饰的先行词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系代词有关系代词有that, which, who,

4、whom, whose等；等；关系副词有关系副词有when, where, why等。等。 A、引导定语从句引导定语从句； B、代替先行词；代替先行词；C、在定语从句中在定语从句中担当一个成分担当一个成分。 This is the film which I saw yesterday.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the f

5、ilm .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack

6、and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clausewhowho指指herohero和和heroineheroine，作主语，作主语whomwhom指指manman和和womanwoman，作宾语，作宾语whosewhose指指电影的电影的，作定语，作定语thatthat指图片，作主语指图片，作主语whichwhich指指电影电影，作宾语，作宾语Relative pron: （引导定语从句，并在

7、从句中充（引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语）当主语、宾语或表语）主主: who / that宾宾: whom / who / that 定定: whose B:指物指物主主: which / that宾宾: which / that 定定: whose A:指人指人:关系代词关系代词: :1. who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语

8、 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, , 如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3. which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, , 如如介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this

9、 the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?4. that 指人指人/ /物，物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 ( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about.5.5.whose

10、在定从中在定从中作定语作定语，表所属关系，表所属关系，翻译为翻译为“他的他的/ /她的她的/ /它的它的”，用来代替，用来代替 his，her，their，its.whose指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时 = of which 指人时指人时 = of whomThis is the book This is the book whosewhose cover cover is blueis blue. .This is the book This is the book of whichof which thethe cover cover is blueis blue. .This i

11、s the book This is the book thethe cover cover of whichof which is blueis blue. .Do you know the girl Do you know the girl whose father whose father died in died in Iraq.Iraq.Do you know the girl Do you know the girl of whom of whom thethe father father died in Iraq.died in Iraq. Do you know the gir

12、lDo you know the girl the the father of whom father of whom died in Iraq.died in Iraq. 如何选择关系代词如何选择关系代词? ? who ,whom, whose, which, that 口诀口诀: : 前看前看先行词先行词, , 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后看后看从句里从句里, , 有无主宾语有无主宾语用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空：1. This is the house _ was built last year2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns bro

13、ther.3. The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.4. That is the man _ we were looking for.which/that(whom/ that/who)(which/that)(whom/ that )选择关系代词时要注意的地方选择关系代词时要注意的地方：“5+3” P101“5+3” P101只用只用that that 不用不用which which 的的8 8种规则种规则1. We should do everything _ is good for our

14、studies.2. You can take any seat _ is free.3. This is the only thing_ we can do.4. The is the first place _ I want to visit.5. This is the most interesting book _ I have ever read.6. We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.7. There is little _ I can do to make up for the lost

15、time. 8. Our school is no longer the place _ it used to be.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1. This is the train by _ we went to Beijing.2. Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.whichwhich只用只用which不用不用that的情况指物，的情况指物，1.1.介词后。介词后。2. 2. 用于非限制定语从句中用于非限制定语从句中1. who指指_,_,作作_

16、（成分）（成分）2. whom指指_,_,作作_（成分）（成分）3. which 指指_，作作_（成分）（成分）4. that 指指_，作，作_（成分）（成分）5.5.whose作作_（成分）（成分） ，表，表_关系，关系，翻译为翻译为_，用来代替，用来代替 _ ._ .whose指人也指物，指人也指物，指物时指物时 = _ 指人时指人时 = _This is the film which I saw last night.This is the film whose name is Titanic .The man and the woman whom you see in the pict

17、ure are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . the Attributive Clausewhowho指指herohero和和heroineheroine，作主语，作主语whomwhom指指manman和和womanwoman，作宾语，作宾语whosewhose指指电影的电影的，作定语，作定语thatthat指图片，

18、作主语指图片，作主语whichwhich指指电影电影，作宾语，作宾语GrammarPreposition+which Preposition +whom提醒提醒: : 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, , 关键关键是判断是判断介词介词的选择的选择. .介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词3. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：，请体会：1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Thats the newspaper

19、 for which I write articles.2. 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure. 注意：注意： 介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 中中关系代词只能关系代词只能用用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替.但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? F

20、ill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5. The subject _ _ Eric is interes

21、ted is physics.to whichon whichwith whichfrom whichin which6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .8. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect .10. The teacher _ _ you

22、 have been waiting is coming in a minute.with whomfor whichon whichto/for whomfor whom Relative adverbs When, where, why The usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语 When When 相当于相当于“介词介词+ + 关系代词关系代词（which）Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whe

23、nwhen I joined the army. I joined the army.on which(=on the day)=先行词是时间时，并非都用先行词是时间时，并非都用whenwhen引导从句引导从句来修饰，试比较：来修饰，试比较： Do you still remember the Do you still remember the days _there was no days _there was no electricity?electricity? Do you still remember the Do you still remember the days days _

24、we we spent spent together? together? when (which/that)从句中缺少时间状语从句中缺少时间状语从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语 vt.“when” or “which”?1. I still remember the days _ we stayed together in Beijing.2. I still remember the days _ we spent together in Beijing.3. I still remember the days _ we enjoyed ourselves in Beijing.4. I st

25、ill remember the days _ we enjoyed in Beijing.whenwhichwhenwhich where在从句中作地点状语，先行在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。词通常是表示地点的名词。 相当于相当于介词介词+ whichThis is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two I lived two years ago.years ago.in which(=in the house)= 先行词是地点时，并非都用先行词是地点时，并非都用wherewhere 引导从句来修饰，试比较：引

26、导从句来修饰，试比较： The place _The place _Lucy once Lucy once worked worked has become a museumhas become a museum. . The place The place_ _ I I visitedvisited last weeklast week is in Shang Hai. is in Shang Hai. where (which/that)从句中缺少地点状语从句中缺少地点状语从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语 vt.“where” or “which”?1. That blue house is

27、the place _ I lived yesterday.2. That blue house is the place _ I visited yesterday.3. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit yesterday.4. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit to yesterday.wherewhichwherewhich WhyWhy在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是是reasonreason 相当于相当于“介词介词for+ for+ 关系

28、代词（关系代词（whichwhich）Do you know the reason why she was late.for which(=for the reason)=先行词是先行词是the reasonthe reason时并非都用时并非都用whywhyThats the reason _he was late. Thats the reason _he was late. Thats the reason _Thats the reason _he he gavegave me.me.why(which/that)从句中缺少原因状语从句中缺少原因状语从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语vt.“

29、why” or “which”?1. Do you know the reason _ he told me the news last week?2. Do you know the reason _ he told me last week?3. Do you know the reason _ he was late this morning?4. Do you know the reason _ he was late for this morning?whywhichwhywhichwhere1) The room _ he once lived is still there.2)

30、The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother. Comparisonthatwhy1) I will never forget the day_ I met you.2) I will never forget the day _ we spent together.whenthat1) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.2) The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.that

31、高考英语语法专题复习-定语从句 as1. Her bag ,_ _she put all her money,has been stolen.2. Xiao Wang , _ _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.3. My glasses ,_ _ I cant see clearly, are nowhere to be seen,4. The speed_ _wild animals are being destroyed has increased. in which with whom without which at whichTh

32、e book_ _ he paid 10 yuan is written by J.K.Rowling.He is the man _ _ I think you can depend .He referred me to some reference books _ _ I am not very familiar. for which on whom with which需掌握的由需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句引导的特殊定语从句 In order to get started in this career,Im willing to accept any position(职位职位

33、) _ I can show my abilities.定语从句状语从句where case(情况情况) ,situation(情形情形), point(程度程度), occasion(时机时机)，stage(阶段阶段) 1. I often come across some cases _ children are abused by adopted parents.2. I often come across some cases _ are looked into by the police.1. The families _ members get along well are alw

34、ays harmonious.2. The families _ consist of many members are big families. where which/that which/that where1. We have got to the point _ we have nothing to say to each other.2. I cant understand the point _ the teacher is explaining. 1. Bungee jumping is a kind of activity_ courage matters more tha

35、n strength.2. Bungee jumping is a kind of activity _ attracts many young people. where where that that3）as 与与 which 的区别的区别as一般代替一般代替整个句子整个句子, , 作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 从句则可以放从句则可以放句首句首, , 句中或句尾句中或句尾, , 表示表示“正如正如” ” ，“或像或像一样一样” 只放在肯定句中只放在肯定句中 as sb know /see / expect / suppose as is known / seen / expected/ sup

36、posed as is mentioned as is often the casethe same/such/ so/as -as This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.the same-as the same that 这本书这本书和我丢的那本一模一样和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书这本书就是我丢的那本就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like

37、it.asthat as as 作主语或宾语作主语或宾语( (定语从句定语从句) ) that that不作任何成分不作任何成分( (结果状语从句结果状语从句) ) such/ so-as such/ so that 众所周知，地球是圆的。众所周知，地球是圆的。_ is known to all, the earth is round.=_ we all know, the earth is round.=the earth is round, _ is known to all.= _is known to all that the earth is round.=_ is known to

38、 all is that the earth-AsAsas/whichItwhat which的先行词可以是的先行词可以是名词名词，也可以，也可以是是句子的一部分句子的一部分或代替或代替整个句子整个句子； whichwhich从句从句不能放句首不能放句首; ; 表示表示“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事” ” 1 _ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.2 Tom has made great progress, _ made us happy.对比练习对比练习He came here very late, _ was unexpecte

39、d (not expected).He came here very late, _we expected. which asHe is such a good teacher _ every student respects him.He is such a good teacher _ every student respects.Ive found the same pen _ I lost last week.Ive found the same pen _ you bought last week. that as as that1). a. I saw some trees, an

40、d the leaves of _ were black with disease.b. I saw some trees, the leaves of _ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glassesb. The professor is a little man, and nose of _there is a pair of glassesthemwhomwhichhim _易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与

41、并列句解题点拨解题点拨 : :是否有连词是否有连词是区分定语从是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。句和并列句的关键。He has 3 sons, none of _ lives here.He has 3 sons,but none of _lives here. them whomI like the house, because the door of _ is beautiful. I like the house, the door of _ is beautiful. it whichI have many books, and most of _ are in English. I ha

42、ve many books, most of _ are in English. them which定语从句的定语从句的“隔离隔离”现象现象1) The wrong youve done to him is terrible, for _ I think you should make an apology to him.A.this B. which C. what D. that2) The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. a

43、s B. when C. until D. beforeI met my best friend in the park _ I spent the whole childhood with . I met my best friend in the park _ I spent the whole childhood . I got an e-mail from Susan, _ said that she was going abroad.Im having dancing lessons at the training center with my sister,_ is far awa

44、y from my home.Im having lessons at the training center with my sister,_ will benefit me. whom where which which which定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句之间不可不说的故事之间不可不说的故事 1) a. It is in this room _I lived last year.b. It is the room _I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.b. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.thatwherethatwhen It is in this room _I lived last year. It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning