新概念第二册自学导读Lessons18

1、新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons18课文详注 Further notes on the text1 After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。（ 1）have 在 have lunch 这个词组中是完全动词而不是助动词， 所以，像其他完全动词一样，它的过去完成时要加助动词had。（ cf. 本课语法）（ 2）pub 为 public house （酒店，酒吧）的缩略形式，在英国英 语的口语中较常见：Lets go to the pub for a drink.咱们去酒

2、店喝杯酒吧。（3）look for 强调“寻找”这个动作，而不涉及结果：I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldnt find it.我到处寻找我的钥匙，但还是没找到。2.1 had left it on a chair beside the door我曾把它放在门边的椅子上leave 除了“离去”、“离开”、“出发”的意思，还能够表示 “把（人、物）留下”、“遗留”、“丢下”等：The dog has left your bag by a tree.那狗把你的提包丢在了一棵树旁。Have you left anything in the car?

3、你有没有把什么东西丢在车里？Leave the books on the desk.把书放在课桌上。3 My dog had taken it into the garden. He often doesthis! 我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！he 在这里指代的是狗。动物通常用 it 来代表，即被看成像东西一 样。但是，指宠物、家畜或民间故事中的动物时，我们经常也用he，she, who等，即使得它们“人格化”并具有性别。用阴性代词指某个 动物或东西时尤其有一种亲切的含义：I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.我有一只

4、小猫。她每天早上喝牛奶。Georges parrot, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.乔治的鹦鹉亨利能说几个单词。只要有灯光他就叫。语法 Grammar in use完全动词 have（1）动词 have 有两种用法。一是作为助动词构成各种完成时 （包括过去、现在、将来）和完成实行时：I havent seen him this morning.我今天上午没见过他。When I rang, Tim had already left.我打电话的时候,蒂姆已经走了。（2）have 还能够作完全

5、动词。当它作“具有”、“拥有”讲时, 它和 have got 通常能够互换。在英国英语中,疑问句和否定句中have (具有)的用法与be相同，即能够不用助动词 do (或did )I havent got any pencils.我没有铅笔。在美国英语中，常用 do， did 等与 have 一起构成疑问句和否定句：这种形式在英国英语中现在也常见了。have 作“具有”、“拥有”讲时是状态动词，不能用于实行时态 或被动语态。它通常用于一般现在时：You can have these apples if you want them. Ive got a lot more.如果你想要这些苹果你能够

6、把它们拿走。我还有很多。He has(got) a Ford.他有一辆福特牌汽车。在其他时态中，一般用 have 而不用 have got ：He had a Ford last year.去年他有过一辆福特牌汽车。I have had this car for three years.这辆汽车我已用了 3 年了。Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.上星期吉米得了重感冒。( 3) have 作完全动词时，还能够表示 eat ， drink ， enjoy ， take 等意思，这时它是行为动词，能够用于包括 实行时的各种时态：Have a cigarette, Sa

7、m.萨姆，请抽烟。We will have dinner at seven oclock.我们将于 7 点开饭。Sam and I had lunch together today. 我和萨姆今天一起吃的午饭。Im having a drink. 我正在喝点东西。当 have 用于表示这些含义时，它必须与 do 和 did 等连用以构成 疑问句和否定句：词汇学习 Word study 1 beside 与 besides介词beside常用的含义为“在旁边”、“在附近”：Come and sit beside us.过来坐在我们旁边吧。There is a chair beside the d

8、oor. 门旁边有一把椅子。besides 的词形与 beside 很相似，但意义却相差甚远。 besides 作副词时表示“而且”、“并且”、“此外”等意思：She has so much else to do besides. 此外，她还有很多其他事要做。Im quite busy today. Besides, Ive got a bad cold. 我今天很忙，而且我还感冒得厉害。besides还能够作介词，表示“除之外（还）”：There were a lot of people at the party besides us. 除了我们以外，晚会上还有很多（其他）人。2give 的

9、几个固定搭配及物动词 give 常用的含义是“给予”、“交给”：Give me some water, please. 请给我一些水。I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.我上个月曾借给他一些书。他今天上午都还给我了。能够看出， give 与 back 连用时，它的意义并没有发生太大的变化。但是，当它与 其他副词连用时，意义往往会有变化，有时变化非常大：He gave away all his books to the library. 他把所有的书都赠给了这家图书馆。（ g

10、ive away ：赠送） Give in your examination papers after youve finished. 考卷做好后就交上来。（ give in ：上交，呈交） You can do what you like. I will never give in. 你想干什么就干什么。我决不屈服。（ give in ：屈服，让步） He gave up drinking a few years ago.他几年前戒酒了。（ give up ：放弃，抛弃）Jack has given up the watch he stole last week. 杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出来。（ give up ：交出，让出）练习答案 Key to written exercises1关键句型练习答案A 1 I looked for my bag after I had had lunch at a village pub.2 I had left my bag on a chair beside the door.3 The landlord asked me ： Did you have a good meal? 4 I answered ： I cant pay the bill because I havent got my bag. 5