初中英语非谓语动词讲解

1、初中英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一 是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定:T1）作主语To learn English well is not easy.或 It is not easy to learn English well.说明动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式 主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2）作表语（表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特

2、征 和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词 短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当， 它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后。） e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g. Most of us like to watch footballmatches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4)作定语：e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5

3、) 作状语： e.g. He stopped to have a look.说明动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动 词原形构成e.g. He asked menot to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式)构 成动词不定式短语。e.g. (1) He doesn ' t know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The

4、question is when to go there.3、省去了 to的动词不定式1) let, have, make+do2) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3) would rathe

5、r )had better + do4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1) too to +to do: e.g. He is too excited to speak.2) enough to do : e.g. The child is old enough to go to school.3) Why not +do e.g. Why not take a holiday?4) so as (not) to do:表示 目 的 e.g. Go inquietly so as not to wake the baby.5、不定式的难点：1)用作介词的“ to”：比如说 look forward t

6、o ; pay attention to;devote oneself tobe/get used to )后面者B是 +doing 的！2) It's for sb. 和 It's of sb.的区另1J二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词： 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句 子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和 定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g. Walking is goodexercise, 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语e.g. My favo

7、rite sportis swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g. Jim dislikeseating chocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g. She can ' t help crying at a sad movie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forw

8、ard to, prefer to, 。6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就 像形容词一样。e.g. a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池dining-car 餐车2 .动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在 发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1 ) There we found him watching TV. 我 们发现他在那儿看电视。3 ) I he

9、ard someoneknocking at the door. 我 听见有人在敲门。4 .动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是样的：begin to dobegin doingcontinue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不样的：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to do go)on doingbe a

10、fraidto dobe afraid doing【专练】1. Don't forget the letter.A. to sendB.sendC.sendingD. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to.A. sitB. sit onC.be satD. be sat on3. Is necessary to return the booktomorrow?A. thisB. thatC.itD. which4. I'm afraid they would no

11、t allow him here.A. to smokesmokesB. smokingD. smokeC.5. Mother toldmethe water before9I drank it.A. boiling boilB. boiledD. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped food.A. buybuyingB. to buyD. bought7. Li Yang advised meC.someC.too much,otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB.todrinkC. not d

12、rinkingD. drinking8. Hetwo million yuana vaseA. spent, buy paid, buy9. The firstat the auction.B. cost, buying C.D. spent, buyingthing I want to do isA. visit to him B. to visit him C.visiting him D. visited him10. John was made the car for a weekas a punishment.A. to washB. washingC.washD. to be wa

13、shing11. is one thing, is quite another.A. To say, to do B. Say, do C. Said, did D. To say, do12. I ' ll try the same mistakesagain.A. to not make B. not makeC.not to make D. not making13. It ' s too hard it by hims elf.A. not to do B. to doC.that I doD. doing14. It ' s time for sports.

14、Let' s bowling, shall we?A. go B.togoC.goingD. goes15. Mr. Zhou, you' d better too much sugar. You are already overweight, said the doctor.A. not to eatB.to eatC. noteatD. eat1. If you keep(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2. The students are busy(prepare) for the coming exam.3. . His

15、duty is (save) the sick people.4. I have nothing(send) you.5. . They were made(work) ten hours a day.6. No one knows what(do) next.【提高题】I.选择题。1. The doctor came our eyes.A. to examine B. for examiningC. as to examine D. examining2. Our teacher always makesus hard.A. to work workingB. workD. workedC.

16、3. our classroom once a week is necessary.A. CleaningB. CleanCleanedD. To clean4.is our duty good serviceto customersA. That, to give B. This, givingC. It, to giveD. It, giving5. It took years the highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us inbuilding C. to buildD.building6. Their wish is a house of their

17、 own.A. to have B.for havingC. haveD. of having7. The teacher agreed us the testpapers home.A. to let, take B. to let, to takeC. letting, takeD. let, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC.to lendD. in lending9. I don't like people about their neighbour

18、s.A. hear, talkingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked 10. I haven't decidedA. to take which trainB. whichto take a trainC. which train to takeD. whichtrain taken11. You must remember mea phone call assoon as you get there.A. givingB. to giveC.gaveD. give12. Professor Brown

19、taught his students English, and he learned Chinese from them.A. how to speak, speakingB.how to speak, to speakD.C. how speaking, speaking how speak, to speak13. 一 Sorry, I forgot you that the party wouldn't be held tonight.一That's all right. Mary has told meabout it.A. tellingB. I toldC. to

20、ldD. to tell14. I wonderhim or not.A. if inviteB.inviteC to inviteinvite15. I hope yourself.whethertoD. if toB.forD. thatA. you to manage you to manage C. you managing you can manage16. 一 Would you like you the waythere?A. me showingB. that I showC. me showD. me to showIt's kind of you. Thank yo

21、u.17. The old man said that he'd prefer alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. livingB. to liveC. that he lives D. for him to live18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. wasgrowing D. to grow19. Since nobody told her, she cameto o

22、ur help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what to doD. what she todo20. My aunt showed me.A. how to make a dressB. howa dress be madeC. how making a dressD. howa dress made21. After she finished the exercises in thetextbook,shetriedmore23exercisesA. to find, to do B.finding, to doC. to find, she did D.

23、 finding, done 22. The policeman told Smith after drinking.A. to not drive B. not drivingC. not driveD. not to drive23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC.so as to notD. not so as to24. Pat should love little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to takeB. tak

24、ing C.that he would take D. for him to take 25. Weenjoy _ very much, because it is good for our health.A. runB. running C.to runD. ran26. 一 The light in the office is still on.一Oh, I forgot.A. turn it off B. to turn it offC. that I turned it off D. that Ishould turn it off27. They were very tired an

25、d stopped under a big tree.A. resting B. to restC.restD. that they would rest28. 一 Would you mind me the answer to the problem?Not at all.A. that you tell me B.C. to tell29. He promisedA. me to getC. me getting30. Father told the boy bones after dinner.tellingD. if telling a doctor for my son.B. tha

26、t he got meD. me that he got the dog a fewA. that he gave B.to giveC. givingD. gave.31 .that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after theirday's work.A. For getting B. GetC. So as togetD. In order to get32 . I think you are meals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. oldenough to c

27、ookC. old enough for cookingD.enough old cooking 33. The maths problem is difficult.A. so, as to work outB.very , to work out C. too, to work outD.quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come35. Have you anything i

28、mportant us?A. to tellB. tellingC.told usD. you tell36. 一 Doyou know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202一Yes. He was the sixth man on themoon.A. walkingB. walkedC. towalkD. of walking37. It is nice her so.A. for, to sayB. for, saying C.of, to say D. of, said38. Isn't it a nice way the hard problem?A.

29、 to solveB. in solvingC.solveD. solving39. You'd better her about her own health now.A. not to tellB. not tellC.to not tell D. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happened the doctor I was lookingfor.A. he wasB. beingC. tobeD. to beingII.填空题。1. Factories do not let out dirtywater （为了不污染

30、河 流）.2. Her job is.（ 照顾医院 里患病的孩子）3. In the supermarket the college students learned.（ 如何为顾客 服务）4. There were so many toys that Judy didn't know.（挑选哪个 ）.5. The only trouble is.（如何保护这些电脑）6. He will save money .（为了支付将 来的大学费用）7. Thenurse.（不允许孩子们玩火柴）8. This medicine will.（ 帮 你入睡）9. They will be sent（

31、 至1洲 I 当医疗队员）.10. The boy asked histeacher.（让他自己修理冰箱）11. The question is.（ 是 否让孩子们自己解决这个问题）.12. This telephone is（足够小可以放进口袋）13. This book will tell you.（如何使这台电脑储存信息）14. I .（没有回答 试卷上的最后一个问题）15. Itis not easy.（一个人戒烟）16. You can take a taxi there.（而不是步行去）17. The underground train is .（足够快可在20分 钟内从我们学校行

32、驶到体育场）.18. The lecture hall is.（太小容纳不下500个学 生）19. Juliahurriedtoschool.（ 没有吃 早餐）. 20.Itoldthestudents.（不要 将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里） 21.Thomas.（有 许多问题要问老师） 22. Do you know the saying “.” （活到老学到 老）23. Jack saw.（ 牛跑 回来）24. Athens ran all the way（把 好消息告诉他的人民）.25. He was the first man .（骑 骑自行车做环球旅行）26. Theyenjoy.（爬山和

33、野营）27. As soon as the teacher entered, he asked 俄们停止讲话）.28. （在一个半小时内 做完这份试卷）is almost impossible.29. Wewerehappy.（看到他们回到营地）30. Wouldyoumind.?（我在你 办公室打电话）答案:I.1. A 2. B3.D4. C5.C6. A 7. A8.C9. B10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A19. C 20. A21. A 22.D23.B 24.A 25.B26.B 27. B28.B 29.A30. B31.32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve custome