高中定语从句 最新讲义及教案

1、教 案题目（教学章节或主题）：授课日期：授课时间：教学重点、难点：重要性：典型例题： 1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 3. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going

2、 to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 1. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2.which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which

3、不可。 (2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 4. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 5. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 总结：本次教学评价：非常满意 较满意 一般 家长或学生签字 共 小时本节课回访记录：任课老师签字： 主任签字

4、： 日期：讲 义学生： 任课教师： 教学内容：Section A.重点词汇1.reach 作动词1) 到达，抵达，等同于arrive in/at或者 get to2) 达成协议，得出结论 Eg: They finally reached an agreement.3) vi. 伸手去拿（某物），后面接介词for vt. 伸手够到（某物)Eg: He is reaching for the book, but he cant reach it.作名词，表示范围，构成以下词组：out of the reach of sb= out of sbs reach 某人手不能及的地方within the

5、reach of sb= within sbs reach 某人手能及的地方above/ beyond the reach of sb 超出某人能力范围考题1. He _the ladder while_the apple on the tree.A. fell down; reaching for B. fell down; he reached forC. fell off; he reached for D. fell off; reaching for 2. We shouldnt put the sweets on a high shelf_the childrens reach,

6、but we must keep poison(毒药)_the childrens reach.A.out of; out of B.out of; within C. within; out of D. within; within2. bury vt. 掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏bury. in. 把埋到/插到里 bury. alive 将活埋 bury oneself in/be buried in 埋头于，专注于( be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on)Eg: He was buri

7、ed in yard. Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work. The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying her head in the book in her hands.(1)He was sitting with his head _in a book.他坐着埋头看书。buried(2)He walked slowly, his hands _ in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。buried(3)Aft

8、er the divorce, she _ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。 buried herself in3. honour n. & v. 荣誉；赞誉常见搭配in honor of 为向.表示敬意；为纪念.feel/be honoured to do 因做而感到荣耀It's an honour to do. = have the honor of doing sth 很荣幸做Eg：It's a great honour to receive that prize. We must show honor to our parents.She is an h

9、onour to our school.He was honored for what he had done.honour 用作名词，在表示“荣誉”的意思时为不可数名词，在表示“令人感到荣幸的事或人”时，为可数名词。4prepare vt.准备 preparation n. 准备 prepare sth. 准备某事(物) prepare sth. for. 为准备某事(物) prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 sb be/get (well) prepared for sth./to do sth.为做好了准备；愿意做某事in preparation for 为准备 make

10、preparations for 为做好准备Eg: The Foreign Minister was not prepaed for such questions. The advertising campaign is still in preparation.例题Are you _ the exam? No, I need a few more hours. I still can't remember all the new words.A preparing for Bpreparing Cprepared for DPrepared5. shock vt. & vi.

11、 (使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊be shocked at. 对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 be shocked that. 对很震惊shock 意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前可以与不定冠词连用。Eg：The news of his death came as a shock to us all. We were all shocked at the news of his guilty.例题You could easily recognize that he didn't expect your coming here fro

12、m the _ expression on his face. Ashocking Bcurious Cshocked Dangry6. shelter n. 遮蔽处，掩藏，藏身处 take shelter from 躲避. give sb shelter 庇护某人Eg: They found/ took shelter from the rain in the street.v. 保护，遮蔽 shelter sth from.= protect sth from.Eg：Trees can shelter the house from the wind.II 词组考察1as if 仿佛；好像【

13、易错提示】as if ( as though)引导的从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气。即当从句表示与现在事实相反的动作时，从句用一般过去时态；当表示与过去事实相反的动作时，用过去完成时态。as if/ though +从句 表示虚拟虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反一般过去时与过去事实相反过去完成时Eg：He walks as if he were drunk. The old man treats Tom as if he were his own son. He talked as if he had been to the USA before.例题 Though the girl had bee

14、n suffering from blood disease, she acted as if nothing_to her while facing her friends. A.happened Bhappen Chad happenedDHappens活用 根据汉语提示完成句子(1) There are masses of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it _(将要) rain. is going to(2) He talked as if he _(知晓) everything in the world. had known2. rig

15、ht away立刻，马上表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off3.dig out 挖出，发现 4. die out 灭绝，消失 die off 相继死去 die form 死于 外因 die of 死于内因5. happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上6. be frightened at 对.大吃一惊，受到.的惊吓 frighten sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事7. In fift

16、een terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。.lie( lay lain) 处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放The whole factory has lain waste for many years. 整个工厂多年来一直荒芜在那里。go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落, 败落 He let the farm go to ruin. 他让农场败落了。in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语或状语An earthquake left the whole to

17、wn in ruins.His career is in ruins .lie/be in ruins 成为废墟The city _ (成为废墟）after the war. 口诀:规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，躺过就“下蛋”。 (lie当“说谎”用，它的过去式和过去分词都为lied，而当“躺”用时，它的过去式为“下蛋”即lay) 中文原形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说明放置产卵laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词8. All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。表示“

18、全体”意义的代词、副词或形容词如 all, both, every,everybody, always 等和否定副词 not 连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非都”。注意：no, none, neither, nobody, nothing 等词表示完全否定，意为“都不”。精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)不是所有的鸟都会飞。 All birds _. can not fly(2)没有人喜欢被嘲笑。 _be laughed at. Nobody likes to9.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑出田地，寻找地

19、方躲藏。 (现在分词(短语)在句中作伴随状语，表示其动作与主语谓语动词的动作同时发生或与主语构成主动关系。)精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子。(1)他生气地说着，手指着墙上的布告。He said it angrily,_the notice on the wall. pointing at(2)他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 All night long he lay awake, _ the problem. thinking of语法专题 定语从句一、定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，

20、关系词有关系代词和关系副词，它们在先行词和定语从句之间起引导作用，在意义上代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一个成分。其基本解题方法是：第一，找出先行词；第二，看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分，作主语、宾语、表语或定语时要用关系代词，如果作状语，则要选用关系副词；第三，看先行词是否为特殊词，然后根据需要选用合适的关系词。二、定语从句中关系词选择的总体原则1.要与先行词保持类属（指人指物）上的一致。2. 要以先行词在定语从句中（绝不是主句）中所充当的句子成分，即所起的作用而定。先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语和状语。3. 要以定语从句的种类而定，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。现列表归

21、纳如下：从句分类指人指物限制性定语从 句主语定语宾语主语定语宾语状语时间地点原因方式whothatwhosewhowhomthatthatwhichaswhosethatwhichaswhenwherewhy /for whichthat /in which/不填非限制性定语从句whowhosewhowhomwhichaswhosewhichaswhenwhere备注：非限制性定语从句中，指代主句句意时用which / as,但注意区分。that不能于非限制性定语从句。考点一关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词有who，whom，which，that和whose，另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代

22、词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when，where和why，在定语从句中充当状语。1who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about just now.3which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The book which he gave me is very interesting.4that 指人时，相当于who 或wh

23、om；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.5whose可指人或物，修饰名词或代词，在定语从句中充当定语。“whose名词”可改为“the名词of which/whom”或“of which/whom the名词”。The house whose windows are very large is my uncle's.The house of which the windows are very large is my uncle's.whos

24、e 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语来修饰名词, 其常用结构为：whom whomwhose + 名词= the + 名词 + of + = of + + the + 名词which which例：The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.6as可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1)引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有as，the same，so，such修饰，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，

25、关系代词要用as。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作work out的宾语)注意：so/such.that结构中，that引导结果状语从句，只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语，that只起连接作用)This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行词作从句

26、中的地点状语，故要用关系副词where；as仅在句子缺少关系代词时使用。)2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，从句中常用的谓语动词为see，say，hear，expect，know，report等，常译为“正如，正像”，其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to us all.通常用于下列句型： as often happened 正如经常发生的那样as is often the case 这是常有的

27、事；情况常是这样as is expected 像所期待的那样as everybody can see 正如人人都明白的那样as can be seen 正如大家所知道的那样as is known to all 众所周知as you know 正如你（们）所知道的那样例如：(1) As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. (2) He was late for school, as often happened.3)先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词可用as也可用that，但意义不同，

28、前者是“同样的”，后者是“同一的”。试比较： This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 这是我昨天借给你的那种书。 This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 这是我昨天借给你的那本书。4) 区别suchthat引导的结果状语从句。试比较： They are such lovely children that we love them much. （结果状语从句） They are such lovely children as we love much. （定语从句）7when指时间，在

29、定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词time，day，week，year，month等。常用on which，in which，at which，during which等代替。I still remember the day when (on which) we first met.8where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。可以用“介词关系代词”代替。The house where (in which) he lives is near the river.9why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语

30、从句。Tell me the reason why (for which) you came late.方法技巧： 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。考点二关系代词必须用that的情况1当先行词是everything，anything，nothing，something，all，none，few，little，some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much等不定代词修饰时。We should do all that is useful to the

31、 people.2先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等词修饰时。This is the last place that I want to visit.3先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best novel that I have ever read.4先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。This is the second time that you told us the story.5当先行词同时含有人和物时。 We talked about the things and persons that we were inter

32、ested in.6以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中，含有定语从句，为避免重复时。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?注意：Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked.(即使有最高级修饰先行词city，但从句中work为不及物动词，先行词只作其地点状语，故要用关系副词)因此牢记，前面所述几种情况已有前提：需要用关系代词时，遇到这几种情况才选用that。考点三关系代词不能用that的情况1在“介词关系代词”的结构中，关系代词只能用指物的which和指人的wh

33、om。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。 Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.3指人时，当先行词为everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone等时，关系代词要用who，不用that。 Is there anyone who can answer this question?4先行词本身是指示代词that或those时，关

34、系代词应用which。What's that which she is looking at?考点四as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1位置不同。which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as引导的定语从句位置较灵活，也就是说as从句可置于所限制的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后。Mike，as you know，is an honest man./Mike is an honest man，as you know./As you know，Mike is an honest man.2先行词不同。as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性

35、定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。As we all know，he is very proud.(先行词为一个句子)He was proud，which his brother never was.(先行词是一个词)3意义不同。as一般译为“正如，就像”；which一般译为 “这一点，这件事”。John，as you know，is my best friend.正如你所知， 约翰是我最好的朋友。He has been to Paris more than ten times，which I don't believe.他已去过巴黎十多次了，这一点我不相信。4关系

36、不同。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。Tom was late for school，which made his teacher very angry.考点五“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1在“介词关系代词”结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。The person to whom you'll write is Mr Ball.The old man was talking with Mr Smith，in whose hospital I was oper

37、ated on.2“介词关系代词”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词及名词、数词等。He has two sons，both of whom were killed in the war.I live in a house，the window of which faces the south.3“介词关系代词to do”为省略形式，可以转化为“介词关系代词句子”的形式。The poor man had no house in which to live.The poor man had no house in which he

38、 could live.4“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选择可根据定语从句中谓语动词和介词的习惯搭配、先行词和介词的习惯搭配来确定，有时也需要结合句意。In the street there wasn't any person to whom she could turn for help.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.5from where 虽为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可引导定语从句，where往往指代前面的表示具体位置的介词短语。He stood on top of the hill

39、，from where he could see the whole village.(where指代on top of the hill，指的是“从山顶那个地方看”，而不是指“山”)考点六定语从句与其他句型的区别1定语从句与同位语从句的区别。二者都跟在名词后面，区别是：定语从句修饰先行词，是对其进行修饰限定；同位语从句则是对前面名词的解释说明，是其内容。同位语从句前的名词常为抽象名词，如：idea，fact，truth，evidence，news，thought等。同位语从句主要由that引导，在从句中不作成分，有时也可以由when，where，how，why，whether，what等词引

40、导，在从句中充当成分。The news that our team won made us excited.(“our team won”是news的内容，that不充当从句的成分，为同位语从句。可理解为：The news was that our team won.)The news that he told me was exciting.(he told me 缺少一个直接宾语，由that充当，故为定语从句。不能将其理解为：The news was that he told me.)2定语从句与并列句和简单句的区别。区别的关键是看标点和连词。Our class has sixty stu

41、dents，most of whom study hard.(逗号后为另一句子，两个句子之间要用连接词whom，此为定语从句)Our class has sixty students，and most of them study hard.(逗号后为另一句子，且已经有并列连词and，故用them即可，此为并列句)Our class has sixty students. Most of them study hard.(此处为句号，代表两个独立的简单句，故不需要连词)3定语从句与状语从句的区别。定语从句前面必有先行词，而时间状语从句和地点状语从句则是作整个句子的状语，前面没有先行词。Do yo

42、u know the time when he will come back？(定语从句，前面有先行词time)I will go shopping when he comes back.(时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的时间，前面没有先行词)Put the book where it belongs.(地点状语从句，指的是“放书”的地点，前面无先行词，因此不能用in which)Put the book in the place where it belongs.(定语从句，前面有先行词place)4定语从句与强调句的区别。当it is /was后出现表示地点或是时间的名词时，其后所接从句是

43、定语从句还是强调结构，要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分)，完整则为强调句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定语从句)It was on Sunday that he came back.(强调句式，强调的是时间状语on Sunday，去掉It was和that后句式完整)考点七几种特殊情况1当先行词为way，意为“方法、方式”，且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，可用关系代词which或that；作状语时，要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。The way (that/in which) he finis

44、hed the task successfully was difficult to understand.(作状语)The way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.(作宾语)2当先行词为case，stage，position，point，situation等表示抽象地点的名词，且在定语从句中作状语时，要用where 来引导，occasion表时间时，用when引导定语从句；表地点，译为“场合”时，用where引导定语从句。We'll see a case where soft music can help to cure people.3当先行词为time时，若表示“一段时间”，后面定语从句用when引导，也可用at/during which；若表示“次数