小升初英语动词专项

1、动词1.动词的概念。动词表示主语的动作或状态的词。如：I read Englih every day. （ 表示动作）It is autumn.（表示状态）The old man is carryinng a heavy box.（表示动作）2.动词的种类动词情态动词can,may,must,need,wouldbe动词is,am,are,was,were连系动词感官类feel,smell,sound,taste,look存在持续类keep,stay,appear变化类become,get,turn,grow实义动词hear,say,read,writebe动词的用法我是am,你是are,is

2、跟着他，她和它，复数人称都用 are. 如:I am a student. You are a teacher.My father and mother are workers.连系动词的用法(1)连系动词一般不用于现在进行时如:误:The cloth is feeling soft.正：Thecloth feels soft.(2)连系动词不用副词来修饰，其后跟形容词做表语如:正：You should误： You should keep quietly in the hospital.keep quiet in the hospital.情态动词的用法情态动 词的用 法考点1.can和cou

3、ld的用法。力，“能，会”。She can drive, but she can ' t ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行 koI hope to offer you some useful advice.我侏望给你些有用的建议。He can give you some books.他能给你一些书。等/示请求或允许，意为“可以”。Can I use your telephone ?掰gMT*你的电话吗？You can go now. 你现在可以走了。We can ask her for help.我们可以向她寻求帮助。等could 是can的过去式，表小过去的能力。I

4、could swim all the way across the lake, but I can ' t now. 我以前卜以游过这片湖，但现在不能了。He could cook when he was young.他年轻时会做饭。He could be saved,but he wasn ' t sent to hospital in time.他原本可以获救的，但他没有被及时送到医院表示请求时，could的语气比can更加委婉，肯定回答用can,而不用你可以把你的车借给我吗?could - Could you lend your car to me?- Of course

5、, I can.当然，可以考点2： may和might的用法表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。其否定回答用mustn' t或can' t,意为“不可以、不允许、禁止”，不可用 may not。You may go home now.你现在可以回家了。May I have a word with you , please ?我能跟你讲话吗？May I have it ? 我能拥有它吗？-May I go now?我现在可以走了吗？-No, you mustn ' t.不，不可以。表示推测，意为“可能、也许"，用于肯定句中He may be at home. 他可能在

6、家里They may come tomorrow. 他们明天可能会来might是may的过去式，表示推测时，可能性比 may小He might go to see the doctor.他可能去看医生了She might get angry with you.她可能生你气了考点3: must的用法表示必须，否定式为 mustn' t,意为“禁止I must go now.我现在必须走了We must study hard.我们必须努力学习You mustn' t play with fire.你一定不能玩火表示推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句中，否定句中用can' t。

7、The man over there must be my father.那边那个男的定是我爸爸。灯亮着，家里一定有人The light is on. Someone must be at home.That girl on the playground can t be my sister, because she hasgone abroad.那个女孩一定不是我姐姐，因为她到国外去了以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用 must,而否定回答则用needn' t或 don' t have to ,意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustn' t。-Must I hand

8、in the homework now?我需要马上交作业吗？-No, you needn ' t / don ' t have to. 不，你不需要。考点4： need的用法。need作情态动词用时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定 何和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。用need提问时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn' t。You needn' t do it.你不需要做那件事。-Need I come here tomorrow?我明天需要来吗？-Yes, you must / No, you needn ' t(do

9、n ' t have to). 是的，你必须来。/不，你不必。need作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句 中，构成否定句和疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did 。The boy needs the parents ' love. 这个孩子需要父母的爱。The flowers in the park needed a lot of water.花园里的花需要很多考点5: shall和should的用法shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗?Shall we have lunch

10、at a restaurant?让我们在餐馆吃午饭好吗?shall用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺等。Everyone shall keep silent during the meeting.会议期间每个人都要保持安静My father shall buy me a new bicycle on my birthday.我爸爸会在我生日的时候给我买辆新的自行车。惇 should用来表小义务、责任，意为 应该。We should obey the traffic rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。The children should listen to their parents.孩

11、子应该听父母的话。考点6: will和would的用法。will表小请求、询问或息愿。W川you help me with my English?你可以帮我学习央语吗？He will do anything for his family.他愿思为自己的家庭做任何事。等would用来表小过去的思愿或委婉的询问。When I was young, I would do a lot of hard work.当我年轻的时候，我崽意做很多艰苦的工作。Would you please tell me how to get to the zoo.你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？Would you like to

12、 come to my party?你愿思来参i 口我的晚会吗？考点7:情态动词用法易混点。can和be able to 表tk能力时，can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，其他 时态要用be able to 。另外，表小成功做成某事时，用 be able to 。Tom couldn ' t ride the bike, but now he can.汤姆以前不会骑自行车，卜是现在会了。He will be able to came back in three days.再过三天他就可以回来kA big fire took place in the house, but all the

13、 people were ableto escape from it.房子起大火了，但是所有人都成功逃脱了。等must和have to均表小“必须”，但 must强调主观意愿，have to强调客 .需要。We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。The sun is setting and I have to go home.太阳要落山了,我必家To等could, would, might等有时并不表小过去，而是表示委婉客气的语气。Could I use your pen?我可以用你的笔吗？Would you mend the bike for me?

14、你可以帮我修下自行车吗？©实义动词的用法实义动词一般在句子中做谓语，有人称，时态的变化。实义动词可以单独用 作谓语。如：I like English.The child isplaying the piano.动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形，第三人称单数，过去式，现在分词 和过去分词。动词原形用于固定用法和一般现在时中主语非三单，第三人称单数 用于一般现在时中主语为三单，过去式用于一般过去时，现在分词用于进行时，过 去分词用于完成时和被动语态。(1)动词原形变第三人称单数的规则，与名词变复数的规则大致一样:规M例词一般的动词在词尾加-sworks,reads,loo

15、ks,lives以s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾的单词在词尾加-esfinishes,guesses,catches,goes,mixes以车仔音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i ,加flies,studies,carrieses以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加sstays,plays特殊has(2)现在分词规M例词一般情况直接在词尾加-ingworking,reading,looking以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加-ngsmiling,moving,taking,writing以字母y结尾的直接加-ingcarrying,studying以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个 车有音字母动词，要双写末尾字

16、母加-ingsitting,digging,cutting,planning,shopping, stopping,swimming以字母ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y 加 ingdie-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying(3)动词的过去式(规则变化)规M例词一般在词尾加-edworked, asked,jumped以e结尾的动词直接加一dclosed,liked,agreed以轴曰子母加y的动词，变y为i,加-edstudied,carried,tried以元音字母加y的动词，直接加edplayed,stayed不规则动词过去式以重读闭音节且末尾只有一个*北音字母的动词，双写末

17、尾stopped,shopped, planned,dropped(1)costcost 花费(35)bringbrought 带来(2)cutcut切割(36)buybought 买(3)hithit打出(37)fightfought打架(4)purthurt伤害(38)thinkthought 认为(5)etlet让(39)catchcaught抓住(6)putput放(40)teachtaught 教readread 读(41)lendlent借给(8)drivedrove驾驶(42)sendsent 送(9)riderode 骑(43)spendspent 花费(10)writewro

18、te 写(44)buildbuilt 建筑(11)winwon赢(45)smellsmelt 闻起来(12)getgot得到(46)meetmet遇见(13)becomebecame变得(47)feelfelt 感觉(14)comecame 来(48)keepkept保持(15)runran跑(49)sleepslept 睡觉(16)beginbegan开始(50)sweepswept打扫(17)drinkdrank 喝(51)leaveleft 离开(18)ringrang打电话(52)standstood 站(19)singsang唱歌(53)taketook带走(20)swimswam游

19、泳(54)forgetforgot 忘记(21)givegave 给(55)sellsold 实(22)sitsat坐(56)telltold告诉(23)growgrew生长(57)havehad有字母加-ed字母加-ed(24)knowknew知道(58)hearheard听说(25)throwthrew 扔(59)makemade制作(26)drawdrew回回(60)findfound发现(27)fallfell落卜(61)paypaid支付(28)blowblew 吹(62)saysaid 说(29)dodid做(63)eatate吃(30)flyflew 飞(64)seesaw看至I

20、(31)wearwore 交(65)loselost 失去(32)gowent 去(66)lielay躺(33)speakspoke 说(67)arewere 是(34)breakbroke打断(68)am,iswas是三，动词的时态当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式，也就是说时态体 现在谓语动词的不同形式变化上。下表简单说明了各个时态谓语动词的不同结构变 化：（注：表中do代表动词）时态时态定义谓语动词义化时态标志词1表示说话的此时此现在进刻正在进行的动件或 事情。She is singing inbe动词+现在分词（be+动词ing ）1 .Now,Look,.Listen

21、,.2 . Where is sb?-Sb. is/are doing.行the gym.3.-Be quiet! Sb. is/are doing.时2表示即将到来或很4.-What are you doing?快发生的事，常有“意图” “安排”或 “打算”的含义，这 样给人一种期待感。The train iseaving.般 现在 时1表示当前或现阶段 事物的状态、特征。She is a good student.2表示经常性、习惯 性、规律性的动作。She often goes to school at 9:30.3表示客观真理、客 观存在、客观事实。The earth movesaro

22、und the sun.主语三 人称单 数主语+动词三单形式She goes She doesn' t goDoes she go1.often、sometimes、 usually、always > never2.every day (months、years )3.once a week(month,year)4.twice a week(month,year.)5.onMondays(Tuesdays.)主语非三单主语+动词原形I go I don ' t goDo you go.？般 过 去 时1表示过去某一时间 发生的动作、事件。动词过去 式：动词 +ed (talked)1.this morning 、2.yesterday,.ago 、3.last year/month/week4.just now不规则的动词过去式(went)般 将来1表示打算、计划或 意图要做的动作或事 件。be goingto+动词原形1.tomorrow、2.next week/month/week3.in+时间段will+动词时原形一般现在时练习一.写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay makelook have pass carrycome watch plant flystudy brush do teach二、用括号内动词的适当形式