考研英语段落排序题

1、2010 年考研英语Part B 新题型部分，第一次考到了新题型的段落排序题，但是与考研大纲不同的是，这次段落排序题不是5 选5 ，而是6 选5 ，有一个不能选的段落。这是让广大考生感到没有思想准备的一道题。题目要求中明确指出，本题共出现标号从A 到 G 的 7个段落，其中E段的位置已经给出，而要求从 A, B, C,D,F, G这6个段落中选取5段，并结 合已经给的 E 段，进行排序。题目的素材。选自 2003 年第一期麦肯锡周刊 (The Mckinsey Quartly) 。请注意，这已经是这本注明的经济管理类杂志第二次入选考研英语试题的素材库了。原文的名字叫“ A wholesale

2、shift in European groceries ”，翻译成汉语，为“欧洲日常用品销售向批发转型”。整 个文章主要描述的目前欧洲的日用消费品零售商(主要是连锁大超市集团)在欧洲面临的困境缺乏增长动力。 而它们却忽视了现在消费者的习惯正在发生改变这一事实。 下面我们 来分析一下新题型这道题的解题方法。AThe first and more important is the consume r s growing preference for eating out: the consumption of food and drink in places other than hours ha

3、s risen from about 32 percent of total consumption on 1995 to 35% in 2000 and is expected to approach 38% by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5% a year as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend keep a tighter hol

4、d on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternation.B Retail, sales of food and drink in Europe slargest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retails have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and ex

5、pansion aboard. But almost all have ignored the big profitable opportunity in their own back yard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.C Will such variations bring about a change in overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely

6、not. The functioning of the market is base on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide. What to buy. At any rate, this change and international consumers,regardless of how long thecurrent consumer pattern will take hold.D

7、 All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may

8、 well expect to rank in substantial profits thereby. At last, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest nation market especially in their customer segment and wholesale structures, a as well as the competitive dynamics.E Despite variations in

9、detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany are made out of the same building block. Demand mainlyfrom two sources: in dependent mom and -pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are too small to buy straight when they don t eat at home. Su

10、ch food service operators,but most of these businesses are known in the t rade as “ horeca h”：otels, restaurant and cafes. Overall, Europe s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figure when assed together, mask too opposing trends.F F

11、or example, wholesale food and drink sales came to 268 billion in France, Germany, Spain, America in 2000 - more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail ; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europe

12、ans eat out more often ;and in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last man it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.G However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers land even some large food producers and existing wholesalers, from trying their hand, foe

13、those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.7 / 8解题步骤与思路：一归纳 6 个选项的段落大意，同时注意两个选项之间的联系。通过阅读阅读选项【B】 ，我们归纳出其中心意思是： 欧洲市场的日用品零售市场已经停止， 因此大部分零售商已经尝试电子商务， 但是几乎所有的零售商都无视了日用品的批发业务， 认为它应该是一个大的， 赚 钱的机会。同时我们发现，【F】选项是在具体的说明批发业务给法国，德国，意大利等国家 带来的巨大利益，这两个选项之间的关系属于典型的观

14、点 + 例证的逻辑关系，所以我们可以选定应t是1B1,然后是F。B选项的末句和选项【F】有词汇上照应，这连个选项之间 都出现了 wholesale food and drink 这几个关键词。二.选项【D】和【G】之间可以凭借同义词替换来寻找做题的关键。因为选项【 D】最后一 句 New skills and unfamilar business models are needed too. 和G选项中的这几个词汇首 尾呼应： none of these requirements ，属于典型的同义词替换+指代原则 (none of these ) 的做题原则。因此这两个选项应该是先选【 D】

15、，再选【 G】 。三 由于 【 E】 选项已经给出， 段落排序的原则是重视首末句， 通过阅读末句我们发现， mask two opposing trends (掩盖了两个对立的倾向)。而A选项的开头是提到：The first and moreimportant is the consumers ' growing preference for eating out 提至 U 的是消费者种夕卜出吃 饭的偏爱。重要的是用了数字the first 指代前面提到的趋势。所以我们应该先把45 题确定为A选项。如果把A选项看成是第一段的同学，根本是在乱选，根据一般的出题规律，没 有这么把最明显的词

16、汇放在句首作为做题的重要依据的。四选项【C】的主题是谈到市场结构变化的问题，也提到影响市场运转的因素。但是我们发现没有出现与前面6 段主题一致的中心词汇，比如； retail, wholesale, food and drink 等，它的最大的干扰来自“ market ”这个词语，只可惜不是段落的中心词汇。五现在重要的是BFDG 的顺序问题。如果一旦错误，就会导致四道题全错。我们发现选项8 的末句说大部分大型的零售商无视了 wholesale 的重要性，即没有充分意识到它的重要性，属于典型的首开wholesale food and drink 话题的写作方式，而且在接下来的段落里都是围绕 wh

17、olesale 这个话题展开的，因此第一段应该选 B 。六 参考答案：41-45【 B】 【 F】 【 D】 【G】 【 A】 。Directions ： The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. ForQuestions 41 45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into acoherent article by choosing from the list A E to fill in each numbered box. Thefirst and the l

18、ast paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A “ I just don t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We rein a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. Infact, we ll probably have to lay some people off in the

19、 near future. It s hme to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnit s boring, t routine paperwork, and there isn t much you can do about it.B “ Finally, I can t say to them that their promotions will hinge on theexcellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it s not true. If

20、 theirperformance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying onthe force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act.Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill outforms. All through their career it is the arrests and in

21、terventions that get noticed.C “ I ve got a real problem with my officers . They come on the force asyoung, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars oron a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the actioninvolved in crime prevention, and the appr

22、ehension of criminals. They also likehelping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.D “Some people have suggested a number of things like usings not fairll win. Weconviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork inc

23、reases the chance thatyou lose in court, but good paperwork doesn t necessarily mean youtried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but theguys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why sho

24、uld they labor when there was no payoff.E “ The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate todo the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual repor

25、ts. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.F “ So I just don t know what to do. I ve been groping in the dark i

26、n anumber of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this probl em of mine and help me out in my future work.”G A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At o

27、ne of these sessions the topic to be discussed wasmotivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussionOrder:G-41-42-43-44-45-F步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。理解给定的段落内容（段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句;无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句），重点关注动作

28、内容。第 G 段：A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation - how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.利

29、用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为： was putting on a number ofseminars 举行一系列的论坛“” ;the topic to be discussed was motivation供讨论的主题是主动性” . 表明该段叙述“ 议题 ” ，确定本文是议论文。步骤二、理解供排序的段落确定段落的内容方向。理解供排序段落内容（段落中间有转折词，看转折词所在句;无转折词看段首句、第二句，有时包含段尾句），重点关注动作内容。第 A 段： “ I just don t know how to motivate them to do a better job.We re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal.利用名词主体论动作决定论提炼信息为： motivate them to do a betterjob “鼓励他们作好工作” ;budget crunch 预算危机 “” ; no financial rewards 经济奖 “励 ” . 表明该段叙述 “（ 自己的 ）对策 ”第 B 段： “Finally, I can ' t say to them that their promotions will hing